Ätstörningar som anorexia nervosa (AN) och bulimia nervosa (BN) innebär ett folkhälsoproblem som kan orsaka oral ohälsaStudiens syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka vilka orala problem som förekommer vid AN och BN.Material och metod: Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie. Material samlades in via sökningar i databasen Web of Science. Resultatet baserades på en sammanställning av sju vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett flertal studier har redovisat förekomst av orala förändringar vid diagnoserna AN och BN. Mest förekommande var dentala erosioner och hypertrofi av glandula parotis. Men även förekomst av karies, parodontal sjukdom samt orala slemhinneförändringar och infektioner framgick.Slutsats: Slutsatsen med denna studie visar att de mest förekommande orala problemen som uppstår vid AN och BN är dentala erosioner samt hypertrofi av salivkörtlarna, även orala slemhinneförändringar och infektioner förekommer..

The aim of this study is to investigate oral peer review on argumentative speech and to study the attitudes towards this peer review. The investigation was performed in an up-per secondary school class, and it focused on the different types of oral responses students give each other. In addition, the study investigated in what way the students experience this type of peer review. The results show that students reflect on form and performance as well as content, but they place more emphasis on form and performance than content. Students are positive about peer review and its importance for their progress.

Vectors based on lentivirus backbones have revolutionized our ability to transfer genesinto many cell types. Lentiviral vectors integrate into the chromatin of target cells and do not transfer any viral genes causing vector replication. Both of these features arecommonly used in gene therapy and have been used clinically in individuals sufferingfrom cancer, infections and genetic diseases. It has been discovered that T-cells can be genetically modified to be used as effective weapons against cancer: therefore virus mustbe produced to deliver the gene of interest into the T-cells. In this project, lentiviralvectors have been produced to transfer the gene coding for a chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) which is directed to CD19 on B-cells.

Sammanfattning Denna studie redovisar resultatet av en kvalitativ intervjuundersökning angående muntlig examination inom vuxenutbildningen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka användandet av muntlig examination vid slutprov av kurser inom den gymnasiala och grundläggande vuxenutbildningens Omvårdnadsprogram och Barn- och fritidsprogram. Intervjuerna genomfördes vid tre skolor där sammanlagt nio personer intervjuades. En skolledare och två lärare intervjuades vid respektive skola. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades genom två kategoriseringar.

The purpose of this essay has been to do a study on narration as a strategy in history education. By taking a starting point in the perspective that Shulman calls ?wisdom of practice? and other studies I interviewed three teachers that were all experts in narration. This to have an insight in how they looked at the oral narration and on its role in history education. Is there a common view among the interviewed techers and to what extent are the traits and qualities of story telling described in litterature linked to the teachers? answers?My results show that the oral narration is not a straight and exclusive teaching strategy; it differs from teacher to teacher.

Milk yield levels in dairy cows are influenced by many factors such as nutrition, breed, health status, management and environment. This study was conducted among small scale farmers in Zambia, where the climate can be dry for up to six months per year and cause a lack of green pasture for livestock and on-farm produced feed. The purpose of this study was to identify management factors that can influence milk yield at small scale dairy farms in Zambia, and present advice that could improve productivity, without the need of expensive investments. The study included semi-structured questionnaires presented to the farmers (n=29) including questions about cattle management and milk production. Testing of somatic cell count (SCC) with DCC (DeLaval Cell Counter) from herd milk samples (n=56) and observation of housing and animal body condition on-farm was also made.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det förekommer skillnader i upplevelsen av oral hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt jämfört med personer som inte har haft hjärtinfarkt.Studien genomfördes under åren 2001-2002 och alla personer som sökte vård vid ett mellanstort sjukhus i södra Sverige med diagnosen akut hjärtinfarkt och som överlevt infarkten inkluderades i studien. Kontrollgruppen bestod av vänner (n=69) till personerna som hade överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt samt personer (n=90) från en tidigare undersökning från samma sjukhus och som överensstämde i kön, ålder, socioekonomisk bakgrund och rökstatus. Totalt deltog 154 personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt och 159 personer i kontrollgruppen.Mätinstrumentet som användes i studien var Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), vilket är ett frågeformulär för att mäta självupplevd munhälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Formuläret ger mått på dysfunktion, obehag och funktionshinder relaterade till munhålan. OHIP består av 49 frågor, fördelade över sju dimensioner: funktionsbegränsningar, fysisk smärta, psykiska problem, fysisk oförmåga, psykisk oförmåga, social oförmåga och handikapp.Resultatet visar att inga statistiskt säkerställda skillnader fanns mellan de personer som överlevt akut hjärtinfarkt och kontrollgruppen i de sju dimensionerna i OHIP.

This exploratory thesis uses qualitative research to investigate how digital music is beeing packaged. The main study consists of 11 deep interviews with key representatives of the digital music industry in Sweden. These are (record companies) EMI, SonyBMG, Universal, Warner, (DSP) InProdicon, (mobile operators) 3, TeliaSonera and (cell phone producer) SonyEricsson. Packaging is a concept of marketing that has specific implications depending on which good or service that is being packaged. Packaging occurs at different levels in the production chain.

Ethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to become a promisingalternative to gasoline. In this work the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)technology was applied for ethanol production from hardwood with focus on cell growth,ethanol production and contamination.The SSF was performed at PH 5.5 and 35°C for different suspended solid concentrations(8%, 10% and 12%) of pretreated birch slurry which contained 16 % total suspended solids.Two different hexose fermenting yeast strain (Ethanol Red) and pentose fermenting yeaststrain were used.Quantifying the concentration of chemical components and metabolites in the fermentationmedium demonstrated that glucose and xylose are the major fermentable sugars in the slurry.The higher load of slurry (12%) represents a higher content of carbohydrates and potentiallyhigher end concentration of ethanol. Moreover, more lactic acid is produced with the lowerload of slurry (8 % or 10 %), presumably due to a result of a less inhibitory environment forbacterial growth. In this context, acetic acid sticks out as the most important inhibitor withconcentrations of 15.2 and 12.5 and 9.7 g/l respectively in the 12 %, 10 % and 8 % (ofsuspended solids) trials. Using pentose fermenting yeast may lead to higher ethanolproduction, lower xylose uptake and lower lactic acid formation.

Determination of serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) activity is used as a tumour marker in both human and veterinary medicine. TK-1 is an intracellular enzyme involved in a salvage pathway of DNA synthesis. The expression of TK-1 is cell cycle dependent and the activity increases markedly after the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle and then declines rapidly in G2. The pronounced proliferative activity in tumour cells result in a higher TK-1 enzyme activity within the cell. The fact that the increased TK-1 activity can be measured in serum makes TK-1 a useful marker in diagnostics of neoplastic diseases and it provides information regarding prognosis and treatment effectiveness. In human medicine a radioactive based test is used to determine the TK-1 serum activity.

The oral sensory ability in children can be assessed through test of intraoral stereognosis and two-point discrimination. Currently, these two tests are not frequently used in clinical settings, and normative data are not always available. The aim of this study was to establish normative data for these two tests in children aged 5;6 to 7;0 years. Further, intention was to compare the results with respect to age and gender. In total 103 children participated, 49 boys and 54 girls.

Bakgrund: Oral hälsa definieras som ett tillstånd där individen är fri från orala sjukdomar samt störningar som påverkar munhålan negativt. Inom tandvården har oral hälsa länge setts utifrån ett biologiskt synsätt. Idag inriktas den på ett mer holistiskt synsätt som innefattar en individs välbefinnande och upplevelse av den egna orala hälsan.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa rökarens självupplevda orala hälsa samt uppfattning om rökningens påverkan på den orala hälsan.Metod: En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med intervjuer som datainsamling. Åtta rökare i åldrarna 27-65 inkluderades. Inklusionskriterier var rökare som hade rökt i minst fem år, minst fem cigaretter dagligen och som kunde uttrycka sig på svenska.Resultat: Samtliga informanter upplevde obehag och orala besvär i munnen som hade en påverkan på deras välbefinnande.

This thesis sets out to examine how feminist struggle can be negotiated, defined and motivated. By using Oral history as a theoretical and methodological framework, three persons narrative are being constructed, explored and discussed throughout the thesis. All the interviewees define themselves as women and feminists and have all practised music in different separatist rock and pop-groups from 1970 to present. Themes as music as political action, and separatism for persons who define themselves as women are discussed. The tree informants agree about some feministic goals such as equality and the right to be able to play and perform music regardless of gender identity, although the means to reach these goals are formulated differently. .

Various problems with nail disorders have been noticed in the Swedish population of Giant Schnauzer, but the frequencies of these problems are unknown. This could be due to the fact that bad nail quality has several differential diagnoses and lack of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic codes for nail disorders. The main purpose of this study is to review different types of claw defects and diseases of the nail bed in dogs, and to classify and evaluate the proportions in the Swedish Giant Schnauzer population. The nail is a specialized part of the skin. The quick will strengthen and protect the third phalang against the surrounding.

A method for equine intra oral radiology has been tested. In the study, both a digital system with an intraoral sensor connected to a laptop and a system utilizing image plates and digital developing was tested, initially on cadaver sculls and finally on sedated horses. The digital sensor was not considered viable for this purpose, while the system with image plates and digital developing worked very well. Two different techniques, i.e. parallel and bisectris, are suggested for the best visualization of different parts of the teeth. Intra carious injections of Mixobar oesophaghus contrast fluid was found useful when evaluating the extent of carious lesions. Compared to extra oral radiology, the new method had several advantages and can be used both in clinic and field practices..