The purpose of this study is to gain increased understanding of managers´ attitudes and knowledge about its role in the internal organizational communication. We want to understand how managers define dialogue and further understand the role that dialogue plays for managers. We want to see whether the different managers highlight some common foundations or differences in the dialogue. With the help of the following two questions we wish to understand managers´ relationship to the dialogue within the internal organizational communication: -What meaning does the dialogue have for managers in the private sector?-What role does the dialogue play in the internal organizational communication according to these managers? We use qualitative interviews as the data collection method of our material. Using material from the interviews and mainly in accordance with William Isaacs? theory of dialogue, wecan answer our questions. The result shows that managers' views on the dialogue in many cases are similar to Isaacs? vision but differs in part. The managers believe that employees are there to contribute to the company.

Dysfagi, sväljningssvårigheter, är en vanlig komplikation vid Alzheimers sjukdom och är väl utforskat i det sista av de tre stadierna vid demens (lindrig, måttlig och svår). Sväljningssvårigheter som har kopplats samman med Alzheimers sjukdom är ett förändrat ätbeteende, reducerad höjning av larynx och en längre oral fas. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om och vilka symtom vid dysfagi som kan ses i de tidigare stadierna av Alzheimers sjukdom vid användning av icke-invasiva undersökningsmetoder. En enkätundersökning med 16 deltagare och en sväljningsscreening med fyra deltagare genomfördes. Sväljningsscreeningen bestod av fyra delar: oralmotorik, sväljningstest och sväljningskapacitetstest med vatten och tuggfunktion.

The bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri, which natural habitat is in the intestine of mammals and birds, uses glycerol as a substrate for production of the antimicrobial compound reuterin. Glycerol has been shown to decrease the number of Escherichia coli in human feces and it is believed to be due to in situ production of reuterin. E. coli belongs to the large family of Enterobacteriaceae, naturally occurring in the intestine, and pathogenic strains of E. coli have been shown to be one of several bacteria causing diarrhoea in calves.

In today?s individualistic society, I experience a need to bring forward the importance of collaboration. From a sociocultural perspective, I have chosen to highlight the positive and negative aspects of collaborative learning, with the intention of illustrating the effects for the individual learning and development. I have therefore made an interview with an educationalist, who?s been a teacher all her grown up life, with the intent of illustrating her thoughts on collaborative learning.

The aim of this master?s thesis is to examine the accessibility for persons with disabilities to service, materials, and the library building in one Swedish public library, and also to see what guides the development of accessibility at this library. In order to do this we have studied guidelines and political documents to se how this library responds to them. To our case study, data have also been collected by qualitative interviews, and observation of what this library offers impaired persons at the library?s web site, in special materials, facilities, and the functionality of the library building.

With 25 countries being members of the European Union, travelling and working in other countries has become significantly easier. But what happens when one culture meets another one in a work situation? More specifically, what happens when French and Swedish cultures meet? Would a Swedish manager lead his team in the same way as a French one would?My question is: What is management philosophy like in Sweden and France? Do the two philosophies resemble? And if not, in what ways do they differ?The purpose of this essay is to find out, by looking at the material used at management courses, what the Swedish management philosophy really is. And then look at whether there are any similarities between this philosophy and the French one. The idea is to examine how management is being taught in both countries, by looking at what management litterature is used at some of the highest ranked management schools in Sweden and France.There have been numerous ethnological studies concerning nationality and cultural behaviour, one of the most important ones is the study done by Hofstede.

En billig och robust motor av stirlingtyp har konstruerats för användning i villor. Som energikälla används de heta rökgaserna från förbränningen i husets panna. Motorn driver en generator i permanent drift under den kalla delen av året då värme- och energiförbrukningen är som störst i vårt land. Under den varma årstiden finns den tillgänglig som reservkraftverk. Tanken är att stirlingmotorns värmare ska placeras i en villapanna för att ta till vara exergipotentialen hos dess höga temperatur.

Communication between parties in an important process in their relationship can be based on a contract. This communication can for exemple be composed by a handwritten contract or an electronic contract. Contract law makes no difference between these two forms. to create more favourable requirements for commencing a contract or an ongoing contract there are possibilities to use standard agreements. Therefore a contract can be based on the will of the parties or on a standard agreement.An electronic signature shall secure that electronic transferred information has not been altered and also to identify the sender of the information.

In 1984 the Swedish government introduced a special law which gave tax benefits to foreign researchers who for a limited time was engaged in research or development work in Sweden. The purpose was to facilitate for companies to recruit skilled employees from outside of Sweden and to make Sweden more attractive to this important group of researchers and to strengthen the Swedish competitiveness. In 2001 the law for foreign researchers was reformed to include foreign experts, researchers, managers and other key personnel. In Sweden called ?expert tax?.As a result of this; problem with the predictability of who may have the potential to apply for the expert tax benefits was developed.

På Bravikens pappersbruk tillämpas idag ej skiftgående underhåll, istället används en underhållsjour som kallas ut vid problem. T.ex. om en motor havererat. I dagsläget sker en del av denna registrering på papper, vilket medför att hanteringen blir tidsödande och ineffektiv. I det här examensarbetet har vi utvecklat ett program som ska underlätta för vakten att registrera dessa jourtillfällen.Programspråket Java valdes för att utveckla programmet eftersom det går att skriva applikationer som är direkt körbara från en webbläsare ? sk.

Dystoki drabbar omkring 16 % av alla dräktiga tikar i Sverige. Drygt hälften av dessa kejsarsnittas. Kejsarsnitt är ett kirurgiskt ingrepp som av djurvälfärdsskäl med fördel kan behandlas med smärtstillande läkemedel. I Sverige finns i dagsläget inget registrerat läkemedel för hund inom grupperna icke-steroida antitinflammatoriska läkemedel (NSAID) och opioider, som inte är kontraindicerat att använda vid dräktighet och digivning. Ändå är nämnda läkemedelsgrupper de som används i störst utsträckning för smärtlindring på hund.

The aim of this study is to enhance the knowledge of target and performance management?s effects on the judiciary. In the past decades there have been a number of reforms in the general public sector of many countries. The management philosophy often used to describe these public sector reforms is called New Public Management (NPM). One main theme has been an increased focus on the management control systems, for example a greater emphasis on target and performance management.

A one-cylinder research engine has been used for studies with a Diesel Dual Fuel concept (DDF). DDF is a concept that utilizes a pilot diesel injection to ignite a homogenous natural gas/air mixture. Emissions and engine efficiency have been analyzed in an emission cycle called European Stationary Cycle (ESC) and the knock/pre-ignition problems with this type of engine have been investigated.At low and mid torque levels, an early diesel injection around 60 crank angles degrees (CAD) before top dead center (TDC) was used. At these loads raw NOxemissions was below EURO 6 level (0.2 g/kWh). NOxwas at EURO 5 level over the complete ESC without after treatment and with SCR at high loads it should be possible to reach EURO 6.One issue with DDF is the high HC emission levels.

Malignant melanoma represents 4-7% of all canine neoplasms and they are the most common malignant tumors of the oral cavity and digits. These tumors are often aggressive and metastasize quickly. To date there is no effective treatment and survival times are short. Most dogs are euthanized due to complications caused by metastases. Melanin pigment is a hallmark of melanomas and is usually present in large amounts in these tumors.

Ett flertal studier har visat att personer med tal- och språkstörning tenderar att tillskrivas mindre fördelaktiga egenskaper än jämnåriga utan dessa svårigheter. Det finns ett behov av att undersöka skolpersonals attityder gentemot barn med avvikande tal. Än så länge har ingen sådan studie genomförts på barn i Sverige och då förskolepersonal utgör en del av små barns sociala omgivning förefaller deras attityder intressanta att undersöka. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka huruvida förskolepersonals attityder gentemot barn med avvikande tal skiljer sig från attityder hos personer som inte arbetar inom förskoleverksamhet.Ett egenskapsformulär med tolv Visuella Analogskalor (VAS) utformades där 24 egenskaper placerades vid ändpunkterna på skalorna. Spontantal spelades in från en pojke på 4;3 år med avvikande tal.