Holmen Skog is currently using a GPS-program called TraktInfo, originally developed within the company. They are now planning to switch to a new GPSprogram or allowing the contractors to buy other programs available from the logging equipment manufacturers. To be able to offer this flexibility, Holmen Skog needs to obtain information about the features offered by the different manufacturers in their specific programs, and also when the manufacturers are planning to start selling programs adapted to the new standard called StanFord2010. According to the study, the manufacturers are hesitant to StanFord2010 and there has also been a lack of clear signals from the customers and clients about what kind of different new features to include in the programs. The feature most frequently used by forest machine operators today is the Option to keep record of the harvester?s path by creating a ?log plot?. This feature was not used to its full potential however, since only one out of eight of the forwarders included in the study had computers that were compatible with the harvester?s computer.

Biogas is an expanding sector within the broad field of agriculture and animal production. Small-scale biogas offers local combined power and heating production and the substrate is transformed into high-quality biological fertilizer. This bachelor thesis focuses on a pig farm in south-western Sweden, where biogas is produced from pig manure, evaluates and suggests ways of optimizing the process and investigates whether investing in an upgrading plant would be a feasible and more cost-efficient Option. The results show that the biogas plant is working well, although the production differs from the original plans. This shows in turn that planning and examining the basic conditions before making the investment is of great importance, as well as monitoring and keeping detailed statistics of the running process.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera och värdera eventuell flexibilitet i en traditionell investering med hjälp av Real Options Analys. Traditionella statiska investeringsverktyg tenderar att undervärdera projekt. Ett verktyg har senare utvecklats för att kunna värdera osäkerhet och flexibilitet, ofta inneboende i projekt. Uppsatsen är en fallstudie på SCA Packaging och utgår från en deduktiv ansats där data har inhämtats via personliga intervjuer. Historisk analys av de variabler som har störst påverkan på projektet, genomförs med Monte Carlo simulering.

Ett centralt beslut inom sjöfarten är valet mellan spotkontrakt, korta kontrakt, och tidsbefraktningskontrakt, långa kontrakt. I dagsläget fattas beslut, av redaren eller en analytiker, som ofta baseras på känsla och intuition. Problematiken innebär att en valmöjlighet att avvakta att binda upp fartyget på en lång tidsperiod, och därmed missa en eventuell marknadsuppgång i fraktpriser, bör ha ett värde. Denna uppsats utgår från grundläggande Optionsteori för att konstruera en modell med hjälp av reala Optioner, som ska kunna fungera som ett komplement vid beslutssituationen. RealOptionsmodellen testas på simulerad data för att undersöka om dess egenskaper överensstämmer med de teoretiskt önskvärda.

Bland de olika typerna av Optionsprogram till anställda finns en som avviker från de övriga ? syntetiska Optioner. Syntetiska Optioner skiljer sig från de övriga Optioner genom att de inte ger innehavaren någon rätt att förvärva aktier utan endast ger en rätt till en kontant slutreglering vid en bestämd framtida tidpunkt. Skatteregler som gäller för syntetiska Optioner upplevs ofta som komplexa av både anställda och arbetsgivare. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att utreda beskattningskonsekvenserna för såväl företaget som den anställde.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis.

Combustion of fossil fuels is today the dominating source of energy. During combustion,carbon dioxide is formed. The carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,which raises the global average temperature on earth through the so called greenhouseeffect. The only way to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide from combustionin a coal fired power plant is through carbon capture and storage (CCS).Post-combustion capture is a technology to separate carbon dioxide from the uegas after the combustion for efficient transport and storage. The steady state operationof coal fired power plants with post combustion capture has already beenthoroughly investigated on a pilot scale, however much work remains to investigatethe plants dynamic operation.

A severe profitability decline in sugar beet production in all of Europe is one of the consequences of the latest reform of the EU sugar regime. In south of Sweden, sugar beets is the crop that has been the most profitable by far for the last decade. The high profitability has contributed to the high rate of increase in the price of land and has restrained the structural change towards a more effective agriculture. Because of the reform, all sugar beet producers are facing diminishing income and must find ways to compensate this. The aim of this master thesis is to study how Swedish farmers adapt to the sugar beet reform. A questionnaire was sent to 354 randomly selected sugar beet producers.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe the work process and the results of our work with developing a web based auction system for students at Linköpings University. The present Options open for students to sell objects within the University is limited to a billboard that doesn?t support bidding. Because of that a system was developed to offer an environment where they could present there objects and let demand set the final price level. A new function in this process is the Option of alternate ways to end an auction with the intention of eliminating some of the problems that exists within the currently available web based auction systems with last second biding..

This report is a bachelor's thesis of two students from the Energy and Environment degree at KTH Stockholm. Grinda is an island situated Stockholm archipelago. Skärgårdsstiftelsen is landowners and manages the area. Grinda Wärdshus, a guest house located in the island, currently uses an oil-fired boiler as a heating system. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether wood chips or pellets is, from a sustainability standpoint, a suitable heating method for the guest house.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis.

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether national adOptions could be an Option within the childcare system in Sweden. We wanted to create an understanding of how the professionals agree to this. We have implemented a comprehensive literature review as well as a qualitative study, taking benefit of a phenomenological method of analysis. The result of our study shows that national adOptions cannot replace foster placements but be a good addition to foster homes. AdOption gives the children a more secure and stable life..

Denna uppsats behandlar råvaruOptioner ur en spannmålsodlande lantbrukares perspektiv. Optionsinstrumentet grundar sig på finansiella terminer och syftar till att hantera råvarurisken som lantbrukare möts av till följd av svängningar på spannmålsmarknaden. Då dessa svängningar har blivit allt kraftigare de senaste åren motiveras ett instrument som möjliggör en säkring av värdet på lantbrukarens råvara allt mer.Optionsinstrumentet introducerades år 2007 av Handelsbanken, som idag är den enda aktören som erbjuder tjänsten på marknaden. Målet med denna uppsats är att tydliggöra begrepp gällande råvaruOptionshandel samt att lägga en kunskapsgrund för implementering av denna handel inom svenskt lantbruk. Utöver detta ämnar uppsatsen att tydliggöra hur Optionshandel kan öka lönsamheten i det spannmålsodlande lantbruksföretaget.

The aim of this study is to investigate attitudes among relatives and Emergency Department staff, concerning relatives possible presence during resuscitation. Seven scientific articles revises in the studys method. The articles have been searched for in CINAHL, Elin and PubMed. Articles have been analysed using Polit, Beck and Hungler (2001) instructions to evaluate scientific quality. The findings of this study show there it seems no longer appropriate routinely excluding relatives from family presence during resuscitation.

This exam paper has been made with the health care center Aroma in Vetlanda. The work was to deliver a complete web portal with an integrated booking system. The objectives were to provide a complete informative website for Aromas users with the Option to make an appointment for a vaccination or health certificate, order prescriptions and get update information directly published by Aromas staff. And to give the staff of Aroma a graphical Web interface to manage the content and the booking system.The report goes through the basic language used and why. Further it takes up it how works and how the final product looks and behaves..