The aim of the literature review was to illuminate the importance of nutritional management to patients who have sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and describe nurses responsibility and meaningful function in the nutritional support. TBI patients tend to be associated with hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism, resulting in negative nitrogen balances. The results reveal increased energy expenditure and assessments of needs energy requirements at the TBI patients. This study determining the route of feeding: enteral versus parenteral nutrition. Furthermore describes complications associated with enteral feeding.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which affects mostly women. RA is also a chronic disease and the treatment is focused on moderating the immunological process. RA-patients experience daily pain which affect their prosperity. The aim of this literature study is to illuminate some factors that influence the well-being of patients with RA. The factors that have been studied are pain, nutrition and need of knowledge about nutrition.

Det är sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde att uppmärksamma, förebygga och behandla malnutrition. Ädelreformen, där ansvaret för äldre vårdtagare har flyttats från landstingsnivå till kommunnivå, har bland annat inneburit att tillgången till sjuksköterskor i hemsjukvården är liten i förhållande till antal vårdtagare. Detta tillsammans med låg kunskapsnivå om nutrition hos omvårdnadspersonalen om nutrition samtidigt med stor vårdtyngd, har lett till att brister i omvårdnaden inom nutrition kan fortgå en längre tid innan de uppdagas. Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskans förmåga att uppmärksamma och åtgärda malnutrition hos äldre vårdtagare inom hemsjukvården och särskilt boende. En litteraturstudie med 20 vetenskapliga artiklar utfördes.

After the last election Sweden has got a government that claims to be feminist. This thesis discusses whether the change of labels has also brought along policy formulated in a feminist way, arguing that the way policy is expressed affects how people see a certain problem. Three policy proposals are analysed, and in only one case the government seems to have been influenced by feminist ideas. The other proposals partly support claims made by new institutionalism that norms and routines in an organisation work to resist policy change, but also shows that feminist ideas are resisted more actively. The fact that so called policy entrepreneurs was present in the policy process at a certain period in time, probably counts for one explanation to the exceptional policy.

ABSTRACT The main purpose of IT security policies is to protect companies against intrusion and unwanted spread of information. Statistics show that IT related crimes tend to increase and because of that it is important, from the company?s side of view, to be well prepared. The IT security policy is an important part of that preparation. A lot of the crimes related to IT can be deduced indirectly to employees at the companies where the crime takes place.

This thesis aims to describe and characterise the foreign policy change the United States has experienced towards Europe. This thesis claims that the United States is presenting a more supportive attitude today towards the development of the European Union. This more positive attitude has developed during successive U.S. administrations and has become visible since the end of the Cold War.Washington is today less ambiguous and less ambivalent towards the integration of Europe. The United States appreciate that a common foreign- and security policy in Europe is in accordance with American interests.

Title: Det nya Ryssland - En inblick over Rysslands utrikespolitik under 2000-taletAuthor: Tim Balder and Jens KindhLinnaeus UniversityDepartment of Political ScienceAutumn term 2011The purpose of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of how the Russian foreign policy is, how it is conducted and how it may develop in the future. To do that, we are going to try to answer the following questions:What characterizes Russia's official foreign policy?What theories are there for the Russian foreign policy?How can the various theories explain the Russian foreign policy actions at the international level?Our theory is to try explaining how the Russian foreign policy is continuing its development during the 21st century through three theories known as the Western liberalism, Pragmatic nationalism and Fundamental nationalism. Furthermore, to explain Russia's foreign policy and their behaviour, we are going to use the two foreign policy doctrines from 2000 and 2008. In addition, books and articles will also be used to explain how Russia's foreign policy is conducted and developed..

Background The usage of Nutrition supplement in the elderly care is commonly occurring and plays an important role in the intake of nutrition for the elderly. The usage of nutrition supplement is to reduce malnutrition within elderly care. For the elderly it is crucial to keep a healthy diet and to never lose weight. The loss of weight can be very dangerous it could even be fatal for the aged and should therefore be avoided. To have a diet that is rich in energy such as enriched meals prevents the elderly from receiving a shortage of calories since the diet is rich in fat, protein and thus also rich in energy.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish policy of neutrality has changed between the years 1990-2008. The research method used for this essay has been comparative case study, which strives to answer four research questions. Two of these questions are: Which specific occurrences have been fundamental in changing the Swedish policy of neutrality? How have the Swedish policy of neutrality and the policy of non-alignment changed between the years 1990-2008? The theoretical frame work of this study consists of Europeanization as a comprehensive theoretical perspective. In order to explain the Swedish act regarding the policy of neutrality, Logic of Consequences and Logic of appropriateness are used.

ABSTRACT The main purpose of IT security policies is to protect companies against intrusion and unwanted spread of information. Statistics show that IT related crimes tend to increase and because of that it is important, from the company?s side of view, to be well prepared. The IT security policy is an important part of that preparation. A lot of the crimes related to IT can be deduced indirectly to employees at the companies where the crime takes place.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka vad omvårdnad innebär utifrån ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv och etiska faktorer gällande enteral näringstillförsel vid palliativ vård. Forskningsansatsen har varit en systematisk litteraturstudie baserad på Goodmans sju steg i forskningsprocessen. Studiens resultat baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar. Utifrån dessa artiklars resultat utkristalliserades olika teman såsom riktlinjer, dokumentation, åtgärder, komplikationer och effekter inom området omvårdnad kring enteral näringstillförsel. Resultatet påvisar att enteral nutrition ingår i sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde.

This Master Thesis investigates changes in Thailand's foreign policy towards its neighbouring country Burma. It argues that Thai foreign policy towards Burma has experienced major changes during four periods between 1945 and the present. The thesis investigates these foreign policy changes during the four periods. What changes occurred? What were the reasons for the changes? What reasons dominated during what periods? The four periods of Thai foreign policy changes towards Burma and the common history of the two countries since their respective foundations does not suggest a stable peaceful relationship or a bitter hostile relationship leading to war.

Malnutrition är vanligt bland äldre personer som genomgår en höftoperation. Att inte få i sig tillräckligt med näring kan bland annat leda till förlängd återhämtning, ökad vårdtid, försämrad sårläkning, trycksår, kognitiv påverkan och förhöjd fallrisk. Nutrition är ett basalt behov och en av de viktigaste delarna i omvårdnad, därför har sjuksköterskans uppfattning om nutrition stor betydelse för hur väl patienternas behov av näring tillgodoses.Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattningar om nutrition postoperativt för personer som genomgått en höftoperation. En studiespecifik enkät besvarades av 18 sjuksköterskor på två ortopedavdelningar. Enkäten innehöll påståenden med svarsalternativ på ordinalskalenivå samt kunskapsfrågor med svarsalternativen sant och falskt.

IBS patients experiences of eating the low FODMAP-dietIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, functional gastrointestinal tract disorder. The disease is benign but may cause much suffering for the individual. The treatments available are used to relieve symptoms. One nutrition therapy is to exclude fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide and polyols, so callde FODMAPS, from the diet. This diet is proven successful and even significantly better than the standard nutrition advice for IBS.

Behandling med enteral nutrition erbjuds de patienter som har tugg- och sväljsvårigheter främst av neurologiska orsaker. Behandling kan därför ske med nasogastrisk eller gastrostomisk sond. Gastrostomisk sond väljs då behandlingen planeras vara ett långvarigt alternativ. Forskning visar att enteral nutrition medför ökat oberoende och lättnad över att inte behöva vara orolig över sitt näringsintag. Sociala tillfällen som inkluderar mat och dryck upplevs dock som svåra.