Vilken grundläggande idé utgår vi ifrån när vi talar om förnuft och rationalitet och vilka konsekvenser får detta för synen på individen, individen i samhället samt individen i datasystemet? Uppsaten belyser problematik rörande den icke-situerade individen, vilken inte är en individ utan snarare en skenbar produkt utav homogena värderingar. .

This essay is about a debate concerning the magazine Axess, feminism and antifeminism - in relation to a issue of Axess called To a new feminism. The theoretical foundation of this essay is Pierre Bourdieu and his field theories. The battles taking place in this particular field concerns the positioning of feminism and antifeminism in the way we culturally interpret these in our society. The essay shows that the magazine Axess (at least in the first edition of 2012) links feminism with a very prominent symbolic capital in a culture context. This discussion can at times seem confusing, and this is probably due to the fact that Bourdieus symbolic capital can be a very abstract concept. The journalist and author Maria Sveland writes about the development of a culture moving towards accepting antifeminism (and also xenophobia). She expresses the opinion that this, to a high degree, is due to actors in the culture domain with a big amount of trust in the public eye has moved towards expressing anti-feministic (and xenophobic) views.

Vi har undersökt hur tio kvinnor som yrkesarbetar ser på fenomen som feminism, kvinnligt/manligt och jämställdhet. Dessa teman speglas sedan mot kvinnornas erfarenhet av arbetsliv och privatliv. Kvinnorna är alla sammanboende, har barn och är mellan 30-40 år gamla. Vi har gjort en förstudie i form av en gruppintervju samt genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med de tio kvinnorna, efter vissa justeringar av den ursprungliga intervjuguiden. Vår teoribildning utgår bland annat från Bourdieus tankar om manlig dominans samt en hel del andra teorier, varav flera feministiska sådana.

I denna uppsats undersöks vilka stereotyper om feminism och feminister som förekom i opinionsartiklar i Aftonbladet, Expressen, Svenska Dagbladet och på debattsidan Newsmill.se från och med 1 januari 2009 till och med 23 november 2011. Kriterierna var att skribenten tar avstånd från feminism och detta ska ske i artikeln i fråga. Vidare undersöktes vad dessa skribenter menar med jämställdhet om de ser detta som ettmål att eftersträva och hur detta mål ska uppnås utan feminism. Undersökningen tog fasta på begreppen feminism och jämställdhet och en tematisk analys av hur feminister som grupp framställs genomfördes. Utöver vanligt förekommande feministiska stereotyper, som att de är lättirriterade och splittrar kärnfamiljen, framkom även att feminister anses stå för odemokratiska värderingar.

This essay is about a debate concerning the magazine Axess, feminism and antifeminism - in relation to a issue of Axess called To a new feminism. The theoretical foundation of this essay is Pierre Bourdieu and his field theories. The battles taking place in this particular field concerns the positioning of feminism and antifeminism in the way we culturally interpret these in our society. The essay shows that the magazine Axess (at least in the first edition of 2012) links feminism with a very prominent symbolic capital in a culture context. This discussion can at times seem confusing, and this is probably due to the fact that Bourdieus symbolic capital can be a very abstract concept. The journalist and author Maria Sveland writes about the development of a culture moving towards accepting antifeminism (and also xenophobia). She expresses the opinion that this, to a high degree, is due to actors in the culture domain with a big amount of trust in the public eye has moved towards expressing anti-feministic (and xenophobic) views.

SammanfattningJag har valt att problematisera varför vissa grupper och aktörer inte vill kalla sig för feminister och istället säger att de är för jämställdhet. Jag påstår därmed att på grund av det avståndstagandet har antifeminismen vuxit fram.Ordet feminist kopplas ofta samman med en vänsterpolitik, därför har jag valt att belysa högerns åsikter angående feminismen och jämställdhetsbegreppet. Jag har alltså utsett att undersöka en offentlig tyckare; Susanna Popova och det politiska fältet med Moderaterna och Kristdemokraterna. Orsaker till deras avståndstagande är feminismens starka koppling till vänsterpolitiken, att den är för generaliserande och fokuserande på endast kvinnan och hennes behov i samhället samt att feminismen endast tycks se till det kollektiva agerandet.Genom att ha belyst högersidans åsikter har jag visat på att jämställdhetsmålet inte behöver se likadant ut, liksom vägen till att uppnå jämställdhet i samhället.NyckelordAntifeminism, Feminism, Jämställdhet, Backlash, Popova, Moderaterna, KristdemokraternaAbstraktI have decided to problemize why people do not call them self feminists and instead say that they are ?for equality?.

The aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the media debate about feminist self-defence, by pointing out the pros and the cons. The arguments in favour could be separated into three different parts: statistical arguments, psychological arguments and justice arguments. The counter arguments could also be separated into three parts: general arguments, violence-related arguments and gender-related arguments. In short, feminist self-defence is built on women's experiences of men's violence. It contains three different parts to help women avoid violence, threat of violence, insult and sexual harassment.

The following essay is named The canonization of Joan of Arc, a Church political strategy or the creation of a national symbol? Joan of Arc, the French heroine of the Hundred Years War, was canonized as late as 1920, in a process that began already in 1869. In the following essay I am trying to work out if this canonization is a work of the Vatican in order to gain popularity in France after the breakup with the state in 1905. The Catholic Church had, since the French Revolution, faced difficulties withstanding its position of power in the presence of the upcoming Secularism and Liberalism and their growing public support. The Catholic Church had been fighting for its members and at the same time fighting the new ideas of Socialism, Communism and Liberalism.

According to the directives of Lgr11, learning about Christianity should be an important part of religious education in secondary school (7th-9th grade) in Sweden. A school teacher must therefore have good knowledge of the field and of different aspects of the beliefs of the various Christian traditions.This essay is about how salvation is conceived of by two members of the laity in each of three different Christian traditions: the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Sweden (which is Lutheran). As a theoretical perspective for my analysis, I have chosen the official views of salvation of these three churches. That is to say, views of the members of the laity have been compared with the official views of the respective churches. It is thus a very limited qualitative study aiming at finding out how the views of the laity conform to the official creed concerning salvation and whether there are any differences here between the churches.

This essay discusses the development of swords in the southern region of Sweden, Skåne. It attempts to locate the areas in Europe where the swords were first made and, in doing so, trace the communication routes by which people traveled. The essay deals with aperiod of a few hundred years, from the late eighth century to sometime around 1300. In that sense, it is therefore also a time study tracing the cultural changes and developments in Skåne during the era of Christianization. Does the development of swords follow the overall changes in society, from an isolated pagan district to a Catholic European community, or not? In answering this question, eight swords were selected and put under closer observation.

In the 10th of April 2010 the Polish Presidential plane crashed outside of Smolensk in today?s Russia. 88 passengers and 6 crewmen died a tragic death, among them the President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Kaczy?ski. A national week of sorrow was proclaimed and citizens all over Poland went out on streets and markets to honor the newly deceased President.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och analysera vad och hur det skrivs om kvinnor och feminism i texter inom socialt arbete. Studiens frågeställningar handlade om vilka områden och sammanhang kvinnor främst beskrivs inom, vad och hur det skrivs om kvinnor samt vilken relation feminism och socialt arbete har i texter. Empirin bestod av 24 nummer av tidskriften ?Socionomen?, från år 2009 till 2012. De texter som valdes ut var brukstexter i form av annonser, notiser och reportage med kvinnor i fokus.

This essay examines how art could be used to bring forth and clarify the Catholic doctrines of purgatory. The research questions are: ? How are the Catholic Church?s doctrines of purgatory illustrated in art? ? How can the paintings affect the viewer and his/her notion on how to shorten the time in purgatory? How can art itself be used as a tool to achieve that goal? The timeframe of the chosen paintings is mainly 14th to 16th century but an overview of how the purgatory has been illustrated after that time until the present is also given. In order to answer the first research question, a painting from the 14th century has been analysed, using a method inspired by Patterns of Intention - a theoretical framework formulated by Michel Baxandall. A reception theoretic perspective according to Kemp, is used on a painting from the 15th century to answer the second research question. The results show that purgatory is illustrated as fire and the souls are depicted as living people, despite that a spiritual condition is visualized. The viewers at that time found the descriptions frightening, but the paintings also revealed ways of being granted indulgences, that is shorten-ing the time in purgatory. These ways were praying, making pilgrimages and giving alms.

Syftet med vårt examensarbete var att genom värderingsöningar i en högstadieklass försöka stärka självkänslan och medvetandegöra unga flickors syn på feminism, kön och jämställdhet. Vi valde att dela ut anonyma ostrukturerade enkäter vid första tillfället som en förstudie för att få en inblick om varje enskilld individs syn och kunskap om ämnet. Sedan följde ett antal lektionstillfällen med värdringsövningar. För att kunna undersöka om värderingsövningarna påverkade flickorna så använde vi oss av strukturerade observationer som mätmetod där vi i förväg kunde fastställa vad vi ville titta på i form av ett observationsprotokoll för varje värderingsövning. Som slutstudie valöde vi att åter lämna ut samma enkät för att se om en förändring skett.

The aim of this paper is in part to distinguish the ideas raised in the Swedish political debate on the new discrimination law in relation to protection of groups. Is protection by law against discrimination needed for the individual or the group? If it is needed for members of groups, are these groups viewed on as static or variable. Are there any conflicts present between group interests? We link these ideas to three different theoretical perspectives: multiculturalism, feminism and intersectionality and further examine the differences and contradictions between the perspectives represented by members of parliament.