Umeå Energi are working towards a goal, that in the year of 2018, they will be completely climate neutral. As a part of this, one target is to reduce their grid losses by 4 % of the 2012 level, which corresponds to an overall reduction of the grid losses of just over 1.7 GWh. In many residential areas, the distribution grid is designed and rated for electric heating as the heating in the houses. As many of the houses later has been converted to other types of heating, their electricity use has decreased and the total power output from many of the secondary substations has decreased significantly. Because of this, many of these stations today are well oversized, which in turn means that the energy losses in these stations are unnecessarily high.In this degree project, 25 secondary substations have been studied, all located in residential areas in and around central Umeå.

Föreliggande uppsats är en komparativ studie av svenska läroböcker i historia för gymnasieskolan mellan åren 1933 ? 2007. Syftet är att belysa hur synen på Tyskland har förmedlats under perioden. Vid analysen av primärmaterialet har följande fyra infallsvinklar använts: första världskrigets orsaker, Versaillesfreden, Tyskland som modernitet och Tyskland i framtiden. Analysen är gjord med en hermeneutisk utgångspunkt.Av resultatet framgår störst likheter vad gäller läroböckernas beskrivning av Tyskland som modernitet.

Syfte och frågeställningarStudiens syfte är att undersöka lärargiven feedback till elever under lektioner i ämnet idrott och hälsa på gymnasienivå.Frågeställningar? Vilken typ av feedback ges?? På vilket sätt ges feedbacken?? Vad är lärarens syfte med feedbacken?MetodI studien används både deltagande observationer och ostrukturerade intervjuer. Tre lärare med varierande ålder och tid i yrket valdes ut och observerades vardera under två lektioner i idrott och hälsa. Därefter genomfördes en intervju med observationerna och studiens frågeställningar som utgångspunkt.ResultatFeedback kan vara bland annat positiv, negativ, neutral och konstruktiv. Kombinationer av de olika typerna förekommer och riktas både mot elevernas prestationer under lektionsaktiviteterna samt mot deras beteende eller uppförande i största allmänhet.

The purpose of this study is to examine a preschool's work to counteract traditional gender roles, which strategies are used and how norms about gender roles are produced and treated. The study also examines whether the preschool has an intersectional perspective in it's gender work, which analyzes how they relate to other categories such as ethnicity, race, class, age and sexuality in their work. I have been observing and conducting four interviews with teachers at a preschool with a gender profile. In my analysis I have used Foucault's theories about discourse and power. The results show that the informants had a high awareness of gender and that the main strategies used were: an individual perspective, seeing the individual and not the sex, and a gender-neutral strategy, removing everything that is gendered, for example, in language and environment.

Goods that children come in contact with on a daily basis for example toys, electronics, textiles, household items, have attracted an increased attention in recent years because of a common occurrence of residues of potentially hazardous chemical substances. Some municipalities in Stockholm have developed plans for managing chemical risks and work systematically to phase out products containing hazardous substances. This thesis aims to contribute to an improved knowledge base for any future work with non-toxic nursery schools in Haninge. The study's focus is on the challenges encountered by conditions and problems of preschool personnel to manage chemical risks in early childhood environments. Primary data was collected through a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with both the preschool staff and practitioners working in the central organization of the municipality.

AbstractValue Added Tax, VAT, is a general consumption tax that is added to almost all consumption of goods and services. Despite the extensive work of harmonization of the VAT system relating to electronic services, it can be difficulties in determining the taxable land, something that could affect the internal market in a negative way. The Swedish companyStardollABwas double taxed on certain electronic services that they provided consumers in theUK. The problems that lead to double taxation must be identified to ensure free competition and free movement within the internal market. The principle of neutrality pervades the whole of the EU VAT system which can be derived from principles of the Treaty, establishing the common market, and the introduction of the VAT Directive.

This essay analyses text written by a gender equality movement critical of feminism. Themovement is active on the Internet and through this essay I would like to show the tensions in contemporary political debates on gender equality and feminism. 350 blogposts have been deconstructed through discourse theoretical method. In the analyses I have shown the discursive struggle that is going on within the movement in giving meaning to concepts as knowledge, society, gender, politics, feminism and gender equality. The movement is using the technical potential in blogs and common Internet forums tocreate a common political we.

The purpose of this study is to examin the depiction of culturalmeetings in history books in relatioon to the schoolguidelines, and how and why the description may have changed over time. To achieve this, a qualitative method was used to analyze the content of cultural meetings in Swedish schoolbooks after the World War II. The material used in the study was taken from eight editions of Alla tiders historia published between 1985-2011. The material was then put together and analyzed from the theoretical perspectives, which try to explain the factors that influenced the depiction of the texts.The results of this study shows, that over time, the school guidelines have incresed their focus on human value and the need for students to interact with people from other cultures. The depictions in the history books lives upp to the demands of the school guidelines, but this study shows that the main influence of the content of the book is the social context.

Use of computers and computer networks is nowadays a part of everyday life. You do not use them only at home when you sit at you computer, but you can use them all the time everywhere. This can involve everything from surf to any website when you are at home, to checking your email on your mobile when you are on your way to work. Most people do not think about how it really works when they try to access a web page by typing the address into their browser, but something that most people probably notice is how long it can sometimes take to access a web page.All items which are directly connected to the IP network have a unique IP address that is used to make it possible to communicate. The IP address is either a period separated sequence of digits representing 32 bits or a colon separated sequence of digits representing 128 bits, depending on whether the address is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.

In Sweden, there an increasing need for transport and this leads directly to fuel demand of the transport sector is expected to increase. Both politicians and industry believes that renewable fuels are a realistic and significant method to reduce the transport sector's environmental impact. This study aims to document the Swedish haulage contractor?s attitude to biodiesel. Also to document the strengths and weaknesses of biodiesel, based on opinions from the ultimate consumers.

In this paper, generic reference in a collection of juridical texts is examined, with focus on third person singular pronouns. The object of the study is to find out which generic pronouns occur in the material along with their relative distribution, but also to display further use patterns and to offer plausible explanations for these patterns. Another object is to evaluate whether the use of generic pronouns corresponds with language planners? recommendations for non-sexist language. The corpus studied consists of Rikspolisstyrelsens författnings­samling (?Statute Book of the Swedish National Police Board?), comprising 172 documents written between 1974 and 2009.The study is divided into two parts.

SammanfattningTitel:                    Skolsköterskors erfarenheter av mötet med föräldrar till överviktiga barn - ett hälsofrämjande arbeteFörfattare:           Karlsson, Erika; Wern, Pernilla                                             Institution:           Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, Högskolan i SkövdeProgramkurs:      Examensarbete i omvårdnad, OM854A, 15 hpHandledare:         Larsson, MargarethaExaminator:         Brovall, Maria        Sidor:                   22Nyckelord:          Skolsköterska, övervikt, samarbete, ansvar  Bakgrund: Övervikt hos barn och ungdomar är ett växande problem.  På längre sikt leder övervikt till följdsjukdomar. Skolsköterskor har en unik möjlighet att fånga upp de barn som är på väg att utveckla övervikt eller fetma i tidig ålder. Hälsosamtalet och hälsobesöket är skolsköterskans främsta hälsofrämjande arbete. Syftet med hälsosamtalet är att enskilt tillsammans med skolsköterskan diskutera sin hälsa och eventuella ohälsa.

Våmacidos är ett sjukdomstillstånd som uppstår då våmmens pH sjunker under det normala. Sjukdomen kan delas in i akut- respektive subakut våmacidos, beroende på grad av pH sänkning. Våmmens mikroorganismer bildar flyktiga fettsyror (VFA) från kolhydrater. Vid våmacidos bildas mer VFA än normalt på grund av för hög konsumtion av lättsmälta kolhydrater (stärkelse), framförallt kraftfoder. Detta resulterar i att våmmens pH sjunker för mycket.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur utomhuspedagogik fungerar i praktiken. Tanken är att ta reda på hur pedagoger, vårdnadshavare och barn upplever utomhuspedagogik, vilka fördelar och nackdelar det finns med utomhuspedagogik samt hur barns hälsa och lärande påverkas. En annan viktig aspekt är om alla mål uppfylls eller om det kan finnas hinder för det.Studiens viktigaste resultat är att hela kroppen behövs för att det ska bli en bra lärande situation och detta är något som Brügge, Glantz och Sandell (2011) poängterar och menade att utomhuspedagogik skapar ett direkt och meningsfullt lärande som kopplas till verkliga situationer som ger barnen något att relatera till. Där erbjuds barnen att använda hela sin kropp och alla sina sinnen. Det poängteras även hur vikigt pedagogens förhållningsätt är i förhållande till utomhuspedagogiken.

The socialdemokrats? long possession of government power from the 1930?s to 1976 gave them the opportunity to put their stamp on Swedish domestic and foreign affairs in the shadow of the cold war. The government policy in security and foreign affairs, therefore, was that of the socialdemokratic party. The stance of the government has been researched, but it lacks focus on the opposition. The purpose of this paper is to analyse Folkpartiet´s view of security and foreign affairs in comparison with government policy.