Chlorinated solvents are common contaminants in soil and water. Under anaerobic conditions microbes are capable of transforming chlorinated solvents into ethylene which would result in a remediation of the contaminated area. In order to use natural attenuation as a remediation method evidence of continuous degradation is required. Furthermore, the degradation must occur at a sufficient rate and continuous monitoring of the site is needed until the demanded levels are achieved. A field study was performed on the basis of data from a dry-cleaning facility contaminated mainly by perchloroethylene.

Begreppet medarbetarskap är långt ifrån ett välkänt uttryck idag. Det handlar om medarbetarens förhållningssätt till sin arbetsgivare, till sitt arbete och till sina kollegor. Syftet med denna uppsats är för det första att få mer kunskap om begreppets innebörd. För det andra är syftet att få kunskap om hur medarbetare i en kommunal verksamhet uppfattar och praktiserar medarbetarskap utefter en kommunal policy. För det tredje är syftet att ge förslag till hur medarbetarna i undersökningen fortsättningsvis kan bidra till att uppnå ett gott medarbetarskap.

The European Union's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) aims toenhance and standardize sustainability reporting to support the green transition. While the public sector is expected to lead in sustainability, the application of CSRD within Swedish municipalities is fragmented. Many municipally owned companies fall below reporting thresholds individually, creating a transparency gap despite the municipal group often exceeding these thresholds collectively. This discrepancy raises moral and strategic questions regarding public accountability and the effective utilization of the framework. This thesis investigates the rationale for the proactive adoption of CSRD principles bySwedish municipalities, irrespective of formal legal requirements.

This thesis treats the question of how a political vision is given a concrete form. The Swedish government has defined a view of gender inequality. To change the subordination of women national goals have been established. These give guidelines to the different parts of the administration. The primary scope of this thesis is to analyse the conditions for the implementation of these goals in two parts of the administration, the county administrative board and the local municipal authority.

Aim: The aim of our study is to analyze and evaluate from a marketing perspective how estate agents can use facebook to strengthen their brand. Method: We have used an inductive study form where we?ve used a quality and a quantity data gathering method. The data has been gathered from an interview with Botkyrkabyggens marketing coordinator and from an internet survey based on a convience selection and a snow ball selection.Theory: SWOT, Brand Equity, Word of Mouth, Customer Relationship ManagementConclusion: Facebook can create and measure "word of mouth" effects, and also create better information management and flow of information compared to traditional marketing for an estate agent. The risks of facebook is the difficulty in educating the staff about the site and the fact that facebook dominates the policies and rules which suddenly can change.

The study has shown that retailers in the mid-price segment differentiate their brand through developing a strong company identity around the brand. The personality involves store atmosphere, merchandise and advertising. Larger companies have chosen to lay the responsibility on management level, which facilitates on store level. By controlling the strategies on a central level the company can make sure that the stores are steered in the direction that the company wants them to be steered in, and also that they follow the positioning-concept. The company can also devote its efforts to working with its core value, which is service.

This study is mostly based on previous research, which includes Sub-national actor?s attitudes and regional action towards the European Union. The purpose of the study is to investigate if four Swedish municipalities in Värmland operate internationally towards the European Union and deepen an understanding of their actions. The main research question is: - How can we increase our understanding of municipal action against the European Union? The research questions of this study are answered through qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were conducted.

This paper is about if municipal council's ideology affect steering in the municipalities of Vellinge and Fagertsa. Vellinge has for a long time been governed by Sweden's conservative party Moderaterna. Fagersta has for a long time been governed by Sweden's left party Vänsterpartiet. The main question of the paper to be answered is as follows:Is there a relation between the steering in municipalities and the ideology of the governing parties?The hypothesis is that there is a connection between what ideology the party that governs has and how the municipalities are being governed.

Bakgrund och problem Medvetenheten och intresset för företagens ansvarsroll i samhället har ökat. Idag har debatten till mångt och mycket kommit att handla om ett samlingsbegrepp för samhällsansvar - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Läkemedelsföretagens kärnverksamhet är att förbättra människors hälsa och livskvalitet och därmed kan det ses som att CSR redan är integrerat i företagens kärnverksamhet. Motiven till varför läkemedelsföretag arbetar med CSR är således inte självklara. Problemformulering AstraZeneca och Pfizer arbetar med CSR trots att deras kärnverksamhet redan kan sägas innehålla ett samhällsansvar.

This paper describes the rules of the Swedish unemployment insurance as regards the demands on the individual, the obligation posed on the individual based on these demands and the considerations taken by the law regarding the specific situation and personal circumstances of the individual. Special attention is paid to the demand to be available to the labour market and what is considered suitable employment from the viewpoint of geographical mobility. This paper treats ?Arbetslinjen? (Everyone able to work, thereby contributing to his/her own and others' support, shall have the opportunity to do so.), and the amendments of ALF, the law (1997:238) about unemployment insurance, that became active between 1/1 2007 and 1/1 2008, since many alterations were introduced in this period.The result illustrates the demands posed on the individual for him/her to be entitled to unemployment benefit, and the far-reaching demands posed on the unemployed for him/her to be considered available to the labour market from the viewpoint of geographical mobility. The result also shows some of the specific situations and personal circumstances of the individual taken into consideration, but since the amendments are as recent as 1.5 years, the list can not be considered complete, as practice is limited in this field.This paper also treats the Official Employment Agency's monitoring function of the unemployed's willingness to work, and the effect of the regulations not being followed as strictly as per the letter of the law by the Employment Agency officers, leading to insecurity regarding the rights of the individual..

Arvika Smide is a supplier to the automotive industry with a focus on advanced drop forgings including powertrain and bearings. The great experience and high quality is Arvika Smide?s speciality. Today's competition in the industries puts high demands on the efficiency where each company has a quest for perfection.Arvika Smide has been through the thesis of Karlstad University, called for a situation analysis of aftertreatment whose effectiveness has not been fully desirable. The department includes the production steps blasting, quality control and packaging.The thesis contains the results from the situation analysis and comparisons of the calculations for selected reference period Q4 2009th.

 The aim with this essay is to examine the individual's expectations in the meeting with a job coach. It has become all more common with job coaches, in order to meet the unemployment in the society. The survey builds on a quantitative method, where 29 individuals who are linked to a changeover-program towards new jobs, have replied to a questionnaire. The survey shows that the participants have expectations on the coach as a supporting function. There is also a trust to that the contact with a coach will lead to new employment.

AbstractToday, too many construction projects are delayed and deviates from the budget. Agood project management is the basis for successful construction project. The mostcommon planning methods in the construction industry is currently Gantt chart andCPM. The problem with these is that focus is only at the time of the project anddoesn?t handle the budget.

Flygtrafikledningen är en bransch som inte är särskilt synlig för allmänheten men som har stor inflytande på flygtrafiken, till exempel flygets miljöpåverkan. Det verkar heller inte talas särskilt mycket om flygtrafikledningens samhällsansvar, eller CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), varken inom eller utanför branschen, även om just CSR är ett hett ämne som företag i andra branscher oftast tar på stort allvar. Därför besvarar uppsatsen följande tre frågor: (i) hur arbetar flygtrafikledningen med CSR och hur kommunicerar man det arbetet, (ii) varför arbetar flygtrafikledningen med CSR, och (iii) vilka framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter finns för CSR inom flygtrafikledningen? För att kunna svara på dessa frågor har forskning om företags samhällsansvar generellt och med koppling till flygtrafik studerats. Empiriskt bygger studien på öppna källor (hemsidor, rapporter etc.) och kvalitativa intervjuer med representanter från flygledningsleverantörerna LFV, ACR och EUROCONTROL.

IKT (Informations- och Kommunikationsteknologi) är något som idag präglar vårt samhälle vilket leder till att dess användningsområden numera enbart begränsas av vår egen fantasi. Att använda IKT vid kriser ser vi idag som en självklarhet, men hur ser egentligen användningen av IKT ut före, under och efter en kris ut bland kommunala skolor?Studies resultat, som baserats på svar från två kommuner belägna i olika delar av Sverige, visar att kommunala regleringar och policys till stor del styr hur IKT används vid krissituationer. Kommunen säger att all officiell information skall publiceras via deras hemsida, vilket begränsar i vilken utsträckning skolan kan använda IKT i krissituationer. Resultat av studien visar också att det är främst verktygen som personalen använder i det vardagliga arbetet som också används till hjälp i krisarbetet och att sociala medier används i viss mån..