This thesis deals with the characterization of Japan and Japanese people by Swedish travelers during the Meiji period. It seeks to answer what aspects of Japanese people two Swedish travelers chose to highlight, and how these aspects were presented in their travelogues. This thesis also has a second aim. By applying Edward Said?s theory of orientalism, it wants to answer if Swedish travelogues were influenced by western 19th century ideas of colonialism and imperialism.

Syftet med arbetet Àr att undersöka huruvida betraktaren kan urskilja en konstnÀrs budskap i ett specifikt verk. Det hÀvdas att vi baserar vÄra tolkningar pÄ vad vi till exempel har för utbildning och vad vÄra tidigare erfarenheter Àr. Det blir ett problem dÄ man mÄste stÀlla frÄgan: "Kan nÄgon annan Àn konstnÀren förstÄ konstnÀrens budskap?"Arbetet berör Àven vÄrt fysiska synsinne, vÄr perception och bildsemiotik. Bildsemiotik Àr lÀran om bilder, bilder som tecken och betydelse.

SummaryBackground: Management control is important for all kinds of activities, both in trade and industry and in the public sector since you must economize on scarce resources. There are nevertheless many different views on management control, which have changed with the times. With regard to the public sector in Sweden, the management control systems have changed radically the last half century, especially from the 1980s, due to depressions and increased focus on effectiveness. New approaches have been taken by many municipalities and county councils, both in Sweden and internationally, where the former management control systems have been abandoned in favour of result control, target costing, and activity-based-costing, for example. Another new approach has been the Balanced Scorecard, which was introduced by Kaplan & Norton in a pioneering article in 1992.The Balanced scorecard is a multidimensional tool, originally intended to be used in trade and industry, but with regard to its nature, it has been adopted even by many non-commercial organizations, especially in Sweden.

Previous research in the area of leadership and stress has shown that the leader plays an important role but in what way is still an issue to explore. A qualitative approach was used in this study to develop an increased understanding of the leader's experience of stress using four themes; leadership, stress, control and organizational factors. A total of 12 semi-structured and un-structured interviews were carried out with 6 leaders, three females and three males. The data was transcribed and thematic as well as narrative analysis was conducted.The results indicates that leadership stress is caused by a lack of control and that factors intrinsic to the role as a leader both facilitates and complicates the leaders situation when facing stress..

Bakgrund och Syfte: I dagens samhÀlle prÀglas mÄnga marknader av överetablering ochmÀttnad. Det har skapat en situation dÀr företagen mÄste agera för att differentiera sig,vilket de gör genom att komplettera sina varuprodukter med tjÀnster. Det finns dÀremottendenser pÄ marknaden som tyder pÄ att det verkar vara mer komplicerat att sÀljavaruprodukter med kompletterande tjÀnster, Àn att endast sÀlja enskilda varuprodukter.VÄrt syfte med uppsatsen var att skapa en större förstÄelse för vad som intrÀffar idistributionsledet nÀr ett företag vÀljer att genomgÄ ett skifte enligt ovan, för att öka sindifferentiering gentemot sina konkurrenter.Design och metod: För att öka förstÄelsen i enlighet med vÄrt syfte har vi genomfört enkvalitativ studie kring fenomenet dÀr vi valt att designa den som en fallstudie. Vi hargenomfört en empirisk studie dÀr vi har utgÄtt ifrÄn RingUp som Àr en stor kedja pÄtelekommarknaden. RingUp Àr en aktör som har genomfört ovanstÄende skifte och somupplever en situation dÀr försÀljningen av de nya kompletterande tjÀnsterna inte haruppnÄtt det resultat som de hade hoppats pÄ.Resultat och slutsats: Efter att ha genomfört intervjuer med sÀljare frÄn olikaÄterförsÀljare inom RingUp-kedjan, bearbetades den informationen med relevant teori.

Outdoor recreation habits in metropolis and rural areasThis study aims to examine the perception of nature and outdoor recreation habits from an urban-rural prospective. The urbanization process continues in Sweden and the populations of the cities are growing continuously. Trends to build more compact and ?climate smart? reigns and with this a risk that green areas and areas where outdoor recreation can be practiced are situated further and further away from the urban population. Analyzing the responses from a survey made by the research program Friluftsliv i förÀndring 2007 we have examined if and which differences exists between urban and rural areas regarding their perception of nature, outdoor recreation habits and factors influencing the practice of outdoor recreation.

It is now increasingly common for organisations to work actively with HR issues. Furthermore, it is a constant top priority for organisations to remain profitable. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether so called soft HR values, as manager?s communication skills, has an actual impact on hard values in terms of costs for the organisation. Leadership is largely characterised by emotional communication, which together with personnel costs were the main focus of the research.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine if companies? incentive programs for employees is designed in such a way that it makes it possible for managers to reach their goals. Method: Qualitative with a semi standardised questionnaire Results: Our results is that the incentive programs for employees in their present form don?t give the companies a good possibility to effect the employees to perform towards the goals of the system. The performance measures in the incentive programs for employees is suitable in comparison with the goals of the program but the construction and the use of the systems doesn?t give a satisfied result in comprising with the goals.

Active Vibration Control of a Laser PatternGenerator in Microlithography.

Automated Guided Vehicles, AGV:er, anvÀnds i huvudsak som monteringsplattform inom tung fordonsindustri. En AGV kan anvÀndas vid montering av motorer, vÀxellÄdor och chas-sin. AGV:n transporterar produkten genom en slinga i fabriken, dÀr produkten monteras. Idag sÀljs AGV:n med ett löfte om femfaldig sÀkerhet mot brott för alla de ingÄende komponenter-na. AGV:n Àr konstruerad för att bÀra upp en last pÄ maximalt 1800 kg, med sÀkerhetsfaktorn inkluderad.

SammanfattningVÄr uppdragsgivare Metso Paper Karlstad AB Àr vÀrldsledande inom tillverkning av Tissue maskiner (tunn papper). Av Metso Paper fick vi uppgiften att utveckla en Mekanisk Slitter. En mekanisk slitter sitter monterad i slutet av en tissue maskin och har uppgiften att dela pappersbanan i flera delar beroende pÄ hur mÄnga slittrar man valt att installera. Varför man delar pappersbanan Àr för att underlÀtta efterhanteringen av rullarna.Problemet med dagens Mekaniska Slitter Àr att den inte klarar av de sÀkerhetskrav som stÀlls för att fÄ kunna vistas i omrÄdet dÀr den Àr installerad. AvstÄndet som klingan Àr oskyddad Àr för stort.

Because of the globalization of society, English as a foreign language (EFL) has become easier to access through internet and outside school English activities, so called ?extramural English activities? (EEA). Previous research indicates a positive relation between pupils? EFL vocabulary development and EEA (Sundqvist, 2009). This development may influence teachers? lesson planning, because of pupils? wide span of interests and the resulting different levels of EFL vocabulary.

The research objective of this thesis was to conduct a holistic evaluation of an operational information system. By holistic evaluation we mean that an equal focus was placed on both the system system perspective and its users user perspective, in the actual environment where the system and its users function contextuality. In addition, the methodological objective of the study was to test a new research approach in a real life setting. The participants of the study were twenty newspaper journalists employed at Göteborgs-Posten GP. The information system NewsLink is a manually indexed full-text database containing all articles published in GP since 1994.

The aim of my thesis was to examine if educators need to be critical of what they read to the children from a gender perspective. I examined how picture books depict gender and if the books enhances or breaks perception of gender roles. I also examined educator?s perception of gender and if they think picture books can affect children?s perceptions of gender, but also what educators think about gender equality through picture books. The study is based on analysis of five picture books and interview with five educators.The results of analyzes showed that picture books are stereotyped and enhances perceptions of gender roles.

Fruit flies (Tephritidae) are serious pests that cause enormous losses for farmers in many countries. The frequent use of insecticides in controlling fruit flies in fruits and vegetable has not resulted in sustainable management of the pest. Problems associated with this complete reliance on chemical control are many residues of insecticides in crops, health problems for farmers, contamination of water and soil, insecticide resistance development and decrease in natural enemy populations. The implementation of control measures that do not imply an added burden to the environment and/or the farmers is urgent. More knowledge about the ecology of fruit flies is the basis for finding new and better ways to control this pest.