The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the price effect on the initial day of trading of IPOs and the price effect on the announcement day of SEOs on Stockholm Stock Exchange. A second purpose it to conduct studies on which factors influencing the price effects and if these factors can be explained by the same fundamental ideas. Theories regarding capital structure and the pricing of IPOs and SEOs are covered. The capital structure theories involve; Miller and Modigliani's cost of captial theory, Static Tradeoff Model and the Pecking Order. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is presented and previous theories are investigated.

De faktorer som främst skapar motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse har visat sig vara resultatet av det utförda arbetet, dess utmaning och hur ansvarskrävande och omväxlande arbetet är. Man kan se vissa skillnader när det gäller utformningen av belöningssystem inom den privata sektorn jämfört med den offentliga sektorn. En av skillnaderna är att arbetet inom den privata sektorn anses vara mer utvecklande och leder ofta till högre lön och större utmaning. Resultatet av detta, inom den privata sektorn, blir att medarbetarna känner en ökad arbetstillfredsställelse. Lönen i sin tur fungerar som ett incitament för att delta i den utbildning och kompetensutveckling som finns.

I detta examensarbete har vi undersökt vad som motiverar individer till att studera friluftslivskurser vid Högskolan i Kalmar, vi ville också ta reda på om det fanns några skillnader till motivationen om vi ser på kön eller åldersskillnader. Studien är tänkt som en del av ett forskningsarbete som kommer att bedrivas på Högskolan i Kalmar (Blivande Linneuniversitetet) vi har i denna studie valt att uppmärksamma vilken form av motivation som driver studenterna under utbildningen.I bakgrunden berörs tidigare forskning gällande olika motivationsteorier med anknytning till lärande. Vidare lyfter vi också fram forskning om vuxenutbildning och vad som motiverar till aktiviteter inom friluftsliv. Undersökningen bedrevs kvantitativt och data samlades in i form av en enkätundersökning. I vår kvantitativa undersökning bearbetade vi 70 enkäter som var fullständigt ifyllda. I undersökningen deltog 38 kvinnor och 32män mellan 19 år och 51 år. Resultatet redovisas i form av diagram som antingen berör inre motivation eller amotivation.

A clean and affordable energy source for cooking is deficient in developing countries. People rely on fuels that contribute to environmental, social and health problems.Biogas is an alternative energy source and an increased investment in small-scale biogas production can in several developing countries be found. Several projects have started to use the technology in developing countries because of the benefits with biogas. Some cases in the establishment of biogas plants have succeeded and some have not. The study is a literature review supplemented by two field studies.

The aim of this study is to identify factors, which decide wheter you choose to commute with bicycle to work in the winterseason. The study is conducted in Umea, in the norhtern part of Sweden. The study is based on 509 answers from a webbased survey, conducted on municipal employees. The study has investigated which factors that affect different commuting groups from a gender perspective. The groups, which has been compared is motorists, wintercyclist and summercyclists.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkade framgångsrika säljares prestation positivt på ett callcenter företag. Detta var betydande då tidigare studier främst fokuserat på problemen inom callcenterbranschen. Undersökningen utfördes genom intervjuer med sex framgångsrika säljare, där frågorna utformades utifrån Antonovoskys teori om KASAM samt Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori. Resultatet visade att det främst var prestationslön, bekräftelse och tävlingar som bidrog till motivation och kolleger samt bekräftelse som skapade arbetstillfredsställelse. Bekräftelse skapade både motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse och hade därför en dubbelfunktion som påverkade säljarens prestation positivt.

Forskning visar att elevers syn på sina egna kunskaper, deras osäkerhet i matematik samt matematikundervisningens utformande kan påverka motivationen och lärandet i matematik. Med bakgrund i tidigare forskning syftar därför denna studie till att få en fördjupad förståelse för vilka faktorer som kan påverka elevers motivation till ämnet matematik. Studien syftar också till att finna skillnader och likheter mellan de faktorer som påverkar elevers motivation till matematik i årskurs ett, årskurs tre och årskurs sex. Studien är kvalitativ och 12 elever intervjuades; fyra i årskurs ett, fyra i årskurs tre och fyra i årskurs sex. Tre observationer har också genomförts under en matematiklektion där de intervjuade eleverna deltagit.

Background: Different cultures meet to a greater extent than before as a result of the increasing globalisation. Therefore, international leaders have to count on greater differences in behaviour of their employees within organisations than they have experience from. It can consequently be difficult in an international environment to understand what motivate individuals of a different culture. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to make greater understanding for how national cultures influence leaders methods to motivate their employees in an international environment in Spain where two different cultures confront. Performance: The study has been made by 14 qualitative interviews with Spanish and Swedish leaders in Spain.

Mobile TV ? is the introduction on the Swedish market about content and customer relationship? This study explores and defines key factors of decisive importance for the introduction of mobile TV in Sweden, using the TAIDA model. In order to summarize and analyze the factors, four interviews with key actors have been carried out. The answers have been compared to generate the two different criteria that are used for presenting four different scenarios. The purpose of the study is to constitute data in the decision making process.

Since Sweden joined the European Union all Swedish fruit and vegetables are classified according to EU Quality standards. One important function is the product description and how it can facilitate the trade; for example in better comparing prices and also to guarantee the quality of the product. This quality standards or product descriptions are written as words of an Act and obligatory for all countries that has joined the EU. It?s often a demand from the customers to be certificated according to some of many certificating systems. One example is the common worldwide GLOBAL GAP-certification system created by the organisation EUREP which represents the leading European retail traders.

TitleFactors for success : a study of school libraries at compulsory schools and how to integrate them in the educationAbstractThis Master's thesis aims to identify success factors for the integration of school libraries in the education. The search for factors are concentrated to three areas: control documents for the school and school library, the Principal and organisation and the collaboration of librarians and teachers.The method consists of three parts: a documetary study, a questionnaire survey and interviews. The documentary study aimed to reveal how concrete control documents for schools and school libraries are concerning pupils' information literacy and school libraries. The questionnaire survey gave a general view of the situation of school libraries in Skåne and to help identify two suitable objects for closer examination. Gunnesboskolan and Rönnowskolan were chosen, and the principals, the school librarians and teachers representing different subjects were interviewed.Our results indicate that there are important factors in all three areas examined.

The subject of this study is factors that contribute to immigrants wellbeing in their new country. Our purpose was to describe and examine different factors that according to eight immigrants have contributed to their wellbeing in Sweden. Our main question was: Which factors have, according to our respondents, contributed to their wellbeing in Sweden.To achieve this, we have conducted qualitative interviews with eight different individuals. We also collected current documents and research related to the subject matter. We chose three different theoretical perspectives: Antonovsky´s Sense of coherence, Maslow´s Hierarchy of needs and Mischel´s CAPS-theory (cognitive-affective personality system) as models for the explanation of our analysis.The result of our survey was that we could detach six different categories which the respondents expressed had contributed to their wellbeing.

The main purpose of this Masters thesis was to examine how the Internet and other electronic sources have affected public librarians use of printed reference sources. During the last couple of years the use of the electronic sources - in particular the Internet has become more established in the Swedish public libraries. Our aim was to examine if and how this has affected the use of the printed reference sources. This has been examined on the basis of the following factors: the gender and age of the librarians and how long they have served in the library. We also examined if the size of the library affects the use of the printed and the electronic reference sources and also which factors that are most important when librarians acquire reference sources.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation between certain chosen fundamental factors (emission trading rights, hydrological balance, interaction with continental Europe, fuel prices) and the spot price at Nord Pool. Particular focus has been put on the trade with emission rights since it is only now their actual impact on electricity prices can be studied. The relationships are measured with regression analysis which includes both R2 and the simulation possibilities of ARX models. The studied period covers 2008 and 2009 with partly daily data and partly weekly data. Owing to the expected higher importance of the fundamentals during the winter months the winter 2008/2009 has been studied separately.

Studien handlar om svenska gymnasieelevers motivation för att studera matematikämnet. Den teoretiska grunden hämtas ifrån Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur väl gymnasieelevers egen uppfattning om sin motivationsnivå kan prediceras genom de fyra ingående motivationsorienteringarna i Self-Determination Theory: (1) external regulation; (2) introjected regulation; (3) identified regulation; och (4) intrinsic motivation. Deltagarna (n = 132), 44 pojkar, 84 flickor och fyra som valde att inte specificera kön, studerar vid två gymnasieskolor i Falu kommun. Deltagarna fick via en webbsida besvara en enkät som mätte variablerna: upplevd motivationsnivå, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation och intrinsic motivation.