Personal archives are a largely neglected subject in archival theory. Among the consequences of this is the absenceof any general established or formalized practices when it comes to arrangement and description. Thisstudy opposes the notion that an archival institution without formal systems of arrangement and description doesnot order and describe archives in accordance with a general conceptual framework of a correct order. Supportingitself on the anthropological theory of Mary Douglas on dirt and cleanliness, it studies the implicit notions oforder that can be found in the archival descriptions of the personal archives kept by the Swedish national archives.Several patterns where revealed by the study: among them the primacy of quantity stood out. The vaguesystem of categories based on Martin Grass description model appears only to be employed loyally where quantitiesof the particular categories are such that they constitute complete volumes, which seem to be the cardinaljustifier of categorical division within the archive.

The purpose with this essay is to illustrate the problematical mother-daughterrelation in Mar-gareta Garpes drama/play ?To Julia? through a psychoanalytic and philosophical perspective. To get a deeper understanding for the relations between mother and daughter, and the kind of motherhood that Gloria is practising in the play I have used a hermeneutic method in search for answers to the questions: Why does Gloria take a position as a so called friend or sister in the interaction with her daughter Julia? Why is not mother Gloria capable to be mature, caring and nursing in the interaction with Julia? Through Gloria Margareta Garpe is giving me possible answers: Gloria is still seeing herself as a rejected and lonely child. The role of the daughter Julia in her mother?s life is to fill an empty space that was created in Gloria?s adolescence when she experienced the same feelings as Julia in present time in the play.

In this essay, I have examined and discussed the similarities and differences between christology in the thought of Cyril of Alexandria and Martin Luther, and further, to what extent Luther may have been influenced by Cyril in his doctrines of christology and Christ?s presence in the Eucharist. By reading texts written by Cyril as well as by Luther, I have tried to describe the position of each of the theologian?s. In the next step, I compared the thoughts of Cyril and Luther, and tried to show on both similarities and differences.

?The myth of Palme- a textual analysis of the documentary Palme and its description of the social memory of Olof Palme as a norm or anomaly? by Emma Svanström aims to analyze how the directors of the documentary Palme choose to present Olof Palme to the future generations. Also the goal is to find out if their version presents Palme as a person who followed the norms or was divergent.To this purpose the thesis use textual analysis combined with a quantitative method in search of which persons the directors give the right to form the myth of Palme and which keywords they use to do describe him. To view the film as a social memory in the transformation to a myth the thesis use Jan Assmans theory of social memory and to find out if the documentary describes Palme as following the norms or divergent it uses Mary Douglas theory of anomaly.The results show that it is mainly the narrator and Olof Palme that gets to form the myth of him but also his family, friends, fellow employees and other persons that met him or was affected by his actions. Palme is discribed as special, intelligent, interested in social politics and able to act as he saw fit even if it was against the norms.

The purpose of this Master Thesis is to compare two American novel suites for young women, Louisa May Alcott?s Little Women and Good Wives to Ann Brashares series of The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. The social status of women and children in the US during the 19th century is analyzed and compared historically and literary with the situation 130 years later.The main question is, what differences exist in the books and is there a connection between the changes in society and literature?The method of this Master Thesis is to make a comparative narratological analysis placed in a historical context.The result shows that the multiple character remains and enhances the identification process. Motherhood in the works of Alcott is prominent, whereas in the works of Brashares, sisterhood replaces motherhood.In Alcott?s US during the 19th century, Christian faith was in the foreground.

The study seeks to from professionals perspectives describe and analyze the beliefs they have about women with intellectual disabilities and their pregnancy and motherhood. We will also discuss and reflect on the possible support that professionals find important for women to handle pregnancy and motherhood. The information has been gathered through interviews with five different professions that have come in contact with the audience in their work. In our material we found three distinctive perspectives: a child´s perspective, a parent´s perspective and a community perspective. From these perspectives, we could find many similarities in the informants´ perceptions, which resulted in different themes.

While the strategy of lending a voice to the monstrous is a well known aspect of Howard Phillips Lovecraft's works, the female monster is a notable exception to this case. In this thesis, I excavate a theory of female monstrosity through a reading of some of Lovecraft's most read stories and the agency of female characters that appears within. Comparing these female registers of monstrosity to their masculine counterpart, I develop a concept of female monstrosity manifested through categories of class, race and gender with the help of Judith Halberstams theories of monstrosity.Rather than treating these women as active characters, I argue that Lovecraft's inability to handle these monsters forces him to literally put them away ? in attics, cellars, or boxes. These are the marginalized positions from which these women elaborate a monstrous form that transcends the boundaries of sex, gender, class and race.

Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman carries, delivers, and then relinquishes a baby to commissioning parents. The arrangement challenges traditional norms and definitions of reproduction, pregnancy and motherhood, and at the same time raises difficult ethical, philosophical and social questions. There is currently an ongoing debate in Sweden, where all forms of surrogacy is illegal. The debate is polemical and harsh, with advocates arguing that surrogacy is defensible on the basis of individual rights and women's right to choose over their own bodies, and those in opposition are convinced on an intersectional basis that women are being used and exposed on the market of surrogacy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the debate on surrogacy in the Swedish context. Using qualitative text analysis, the study aims to increase understanding about the debate over surrogacy by analyzing texts published in Swedish press during 2010-2013.

Konflikten i Rwanda behöver ses i ett historiskt perspektiv, genom att studera vad som ligger till grund för missnöjet mellan hutuer och tutsier ökar möjligheten till förståelse som ger kunskap. Ett flertal aktörer däribland militären har sin del i den eskalerande situationen samt utländska aktörer: som bistår med vapenleveranser och finansiering av militära aktiviteter samt soldatstyrkor. FN: s fredsbevarande styrka UNAMIR kommer för att övervaka det undertecknade fredsavtalet, dock bryts avtalet och konfliktsituationen förvärras. Uppsatsens ämne är att studera bakomliggande orsaker till konflikten i Rwanda. Syftet är utifrån Mary Kaldors (2000) forskning, att undersöka varför maktkampen mellan hutuer och tutsier eskalerade efter inbördeskriget 1990 som sedermera utlöste folkmordet 1994 samt undersöka FN: s möjligheter till att skapa fred.

January 1, 1999, a new sex purchase law was introduced in Sweden, Lag (1998: 408). The law implies that in a sex trade a crime is committed only by the consumer in the sex trade. The majority of consumers in prostitution are men and the suppliers are women. When prostitution is problematized it's usually from the woman's point of view and the perspective of the man is often overlooked. The new law has shed light on the consumer and made the male more visible in the public debate.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

The aim of this qualitative deep interview study was to gain deeper understanding of single immigrant mothers´life situation. Grounded Theory was the method of analysis. Repeated interviews with five immigrant women from different parts of the world showed that women were in need of wider and deeper social networks in order to reconstruct their identities. Social support and social networks benefit, not only reconstruction of identity, but also personal well-being. Yet it is difficult for them to create social networks in the new country, because of single motherhood.

Syfte: Att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av etisk stress vid vård i livets slutskede.Bakgrund: Beskrivning av sjuksköterskans formella yrkesansvar, de etiska koder som skallvägleda sjuksköterskan samt palliativ vård och vård i livets slutskede och vad det innebär. Vibeskriver även vad etiskt betingad stress innebär och utgår från Mary Corley?s föreslagna teoriom etisk stress och de moraliska koncept hon menar inverkar på upplevelsen av etiskt stress.Resultat: Utifrån de artiklar vi fördjupat oss i fann vi tre teman; kommunikation, inflytande och?meningslös? vård, inom vilka etiskt komplexa situationer i samband med vård i livets slutskedekunde leda till etiskt betingad stress. Bristfällig kommunikation mellan sjuksköterskor ochnärstående ledde till en känsla av osäkerhet och oro inför hur väl de närstående var informeradeom patientens tillstånd. Bristfällig kommunikation till läkare resulterade i att sjuksköterskankände sig oförmögen att informera de närstående om situationen och upplevde att honblockerade sina känslor.

Syfte: Att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av etisk stress vid vård i livets slutskede.Bakgrund: Beskrivning av sjuksköterskans formella yrkesansvar, de etiska koder som skallvägleda sjuksköterskan samt palliativ vård och vård i livets slutskede och vad det innebär. Vibeskriver även vad etiskt betingad stress innebär och utgår från Mary Corley?s föreslagna teoriom etisk stress och de moraliska koncept hon menar inverkar på upplevelsen av etiskt stress.Resultat: Utifrån de artiklar vi fördjupat oss i fann vi tre teman; kommunikation, inflytande och?meningslös? vård, inom vilka etiskt komplexa situationer i samband med vård i livets slutskedekunde leda till etiskt betingad stress. Bristfällig kommunikation mellan sjuksköterskor ochnärstående ledde till en känsla av osäkerhet och oro inför hur väl de närstående var informeradeom patientens tillstånd. Bristfällig kommunikation till läkare resulterade i att sjuksköterskankände sig oförmögen att informera de närstående om situationen och upplevde att honblockerade sina känslor.

Tillskillnad mot de flesta Västernfilmerna valde manusförfattarna till C'era una volta il West att införa en kvinnlig karaktär i en av de större rollerna. Uppsatsen undersöker utifrån ett feministiskt perspektiv med texter av Laura Mulvey och Mary Ann Doane som utgångspunkt representationerna av filmens fyra huvudkaraktärer. I den första delen av uppsatsen diskuteras Västernfilmen i stort med extra fokus på Sergio Leones filmskapande. Därefter följer en redogörelse av de utvalda texterna vilka sedan används under läsningen av filmen i analysdelen..