Even though battles have been fought in built-up areas for a long time, there have not been any specific theories connected to it. As the world becomes increasingly urbanized, the problem of not having any complete theories with which to analyze military operations in urban terrain becomes bigger. This essay aims to contribute to the field of military theory by investigating if Robert Leonhard?s theory of combined arms can be used in analyzing such operations and to be able to explaining the outcome of them. The main question posed in this essay is; to what extent can Leonhard?s theory explain the outcome of military operations in urban terrain? The method used to answer this question is a comparative method formed as a case study of two military operations in urban terrain, Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury, which both took place in Fallujah during the Iraq war 2004. The intention is to test Leonhard?s theory in both cases by assigning the theory several indicators, which are tested in each case. The result shows that the indicators appeared almost equally in both cases, even though one of the operations was said to be a success and the other a failure.

Abstract Författare: Lovisa Bergman Titel: Ungdomars avvikande och hotfulla beteende i media Uppsats: Sociologi C, 41-60 p Handledare: José Pacheco Högskolan i Halmstad Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle Vårterminen 2007 Syftet med min uppsats är att genom en diskursanalys av mediatexter klarlägga hur avvikande beteende bland ungdomar framställs av media och därigenom kan konstrueras i samhället. Syftet leder fram till följande frågeställningar:o Vilken bild skapar medias framställning av ungdomar med avvikande beteende?o Vilka följder genererar medias bild?Som teoretisk ram för min studie har jag valt Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault och Emile Durkheim som utgångspunkt för min studie som även till stor del grundar sig i tidigare forskning inom området där artiklar från Brottsförebyggande rådets tidsskrift Apropå blir användbara i min analys. Jag har använt mig av den kvalitativa metoden diskursanalys. Slutsatser som framkommit är att media framställer en ganska hotfull bild av ungdomar i samhället och medias närmande av underhållningsindustri innebär att det många gånger är en vilseledande och inte helt sanningsenlig bild som skildras (Apropå Nr 3 2001).

The aim of this study is to examine the religious landscape of Brazil, and based on the theory of secularization by Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart to explain why Brazilians are religious and not secular. The study is a secondary analysis that uses existing statistics to examine different units of analysis of Brazil?s religious landscape, economics and equality, etc. Based on their theory I find that Brazil is still religious due to the lack of security in the country. Brazil is insecure in terms of measures of socioeconomic equality, stable politics without corruption, and physical safety of the citizens in Brazil.

The purpose with this examination is to interpret and analyze interviews with a few chosen teachers and parents to find out what they think about using Instagram in preschool. My purpose of my study is also to see how preschools can improve parental interaction by using social media in their daily occupation.My questions for this study are: How can you use social media in preschool and what is the purpose with this? What does a few teachers thinking about using Instagram in preschool? What does a few parents thinking about using Instagram in preschool? Could it be any problems with the using of Instagram in preschool? What kind of material is published on a few chosen preschools Instagram account? To get answers to my questions, I have made qualitative interviews with three teachers and three parents. As a complement to my interviews, I have made an observation and description what preschools publish on their Instagram account. I have featured some research about parental interaction and the meaning of that.

Syfte: Vilken effekt som publiceringar från media med dåliga ekonomiska tider har på aktiespararna på stockholmsbörsen samt undersöka om dessa nyheter påverkar aktiepriset på ett negativt eller positiv samt hur aktiesparare reagerar på ekonomiska indikationer samt om aktiespararens utbildningsnivå har någon effekt på om aktiespararen använder sig av media som beslutsunderlag i sin aktiehandel.Metod: Det är två undersökningar varav den ena är en kvantitativ enkätundersökning utan kvalitativa element. Den andra är ett stickprov på aktiekurser i samband med specifika artiklars publiceringsdatum.Slutsats: Utifrån de resultat som presenterats så går det att utläsa att aktiesparare sällan använder sig av media som beslutsunderlag när de handlar med aktier samt så finns inget negativt samband med de valda artiklarna och aktiekursen. Det fanns dock ett sammanband i det att aktiesparare med högra utbildning är mindre benägna att använda sig av media och dess indikationer som beslutsunderlag i deras handel med aktier.Fortsatt forskning: Det finns flera intressanta undersökningsfrågor kvar, bland annat så skulle undersökningen behövas göras på mer än ett område av media samt på flera olika områden av aktiemarknaden än dagligvaruhandeln. En annan intressant fråga är att enligt enkätundersökningen så är många aktiesparare högt utbildade inom ämnet men är fortfarande osäkra på deras effekt på aktiemarknaden när de handlar.Uppsatsens bidrag: Ett försök till att undersöka om media skapar sina egna självuppfyllande profetior i samband med att de publicerar nyheter med en negativ vinkling på det kommande ekonomiska klimatet. Enligt undersökningen så har inga tidningsartiklar någon märkbar effekt på aktiekursen..

Tidigare forskning har visat att hundägare är mer fysiskt aktiva än de som inte äger hund. Deras motivation att vara mer fysiskt aktiv bygger på den sociala interaktionen med hund eller träningskompisar som hundträning/rastning medför. Med hjälp av Self-Determination Theory (SDT) undersöktes vad som motiverar just hundspannsförare att träna själv och hunden. Åtta personer som ägde hund och körde hundspann intervjuades. Frågorna kretsade kring tiden före och efter det att de ägde hund.

Title:"All the news that´s fit to print": A quantitative content analysis of The New York Times and Dagens Nyheters front pages on the basis of tabloidization theory.Authors: Pär Brolin & Kristoffer OlofssonAim: We intend to distinguish elements of tabloidization in two daily newspapers as an effect to the increased economic and public orientated business models. The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter has been chosen mainly because they operates within different national media markets, secondly they are well known for their high journalistic standard. Based on the upcoming result, it's in our concern to illuminate these possible changes effect on the overall journalistic quality and discuss its importance. We aim to reveal the actual state of tabloidization in the two high quality newspapers The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter and thus answer the following questions:- In which way are the elements of tabloidization shown in The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter in a contemporary context as well under a twelve years period?- Based on the achieved results, what are the main differences between the two examined newspapers and what potential impact could it have on the journalistic quality?Method/Material: In order to perform this study, we have executed a quantitative study built on content analysis of the two newspapers front pages.

ABSTRACTTitle: Violence and women representation in video games (Vålds? och kvinnoskildringar i TV?spel)Number of pages: 42Author: Karolin BodlingTutor: Göran SvenssonCourse: Media and Communication Studies DPeriod: Autumn 2005University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: The aim is to investigate how violence and women are presented in video games and in game reviews.Material/Method: The study includes theories that consider violence and gender in media and video games. The material of the essay exists of two games and five reviews. The method that is being used is a content analysis. The games that are being analysed are Jade Empire and Grand Theft Auto ? San Andreas.Main results: The video games are often connected to brutal violence but the analysis of the game Jade Empire shows that it is possible to hve control of the violence in the games and that the player has a possibility to choose the outcome of violence.

There are several typical ideas about the suburb. The suburb is often associated with criminality and other social problems such as segregation. The purpose of this essay is to study the picture of how the suburb is constructed in a media context. The method used to answer the purpose of this study is critical discourse analysis, based on the thoughts of Norman Fairclough. The central theoretical ideas for this study are representation, stereotypes and racialization.

This study aims to research how digital media can be used for communication and information management between teachers at preschools and children?s homes. To get an understanding of this we have investigated which channels are being used and for what purposes. The interest has also been to explore preschool teachers and caregivers? attitudes towards digital communication in preschools.A qualitative case study of comparative nature has been conducted, where two preschools were selected because of their use and non-use of digital media for communication with caregivers.

In 2005 the Swedish social democratic government settled a defense treaty with Saudi Arabia. Ten years later, a new Social democratic government ends the treaty. This thesis will study the Social democratic party?s motives behind their actions regarding the treaty. Kjell Goldmanns theory regarding the three fields of interest concerning state?s foreign policy, security policy, economy and international values, will serve as the theory and operationalization of this thesis.

To understand the glass electrode needs knowledge from more than one level. The construction ofthe glass electrode is one part, an other is the composition and structure of glass. The Nernstequation have an important role, but also the sources of errors in the analysis and the calibration ofthe glass electrode. Focus for this article is how the glass electrode really works and how Gibbs freeenergy made the potential dependent of the concentration of H+and gives the logarithm to thefunction. Nikolskii's ion exchange theory starts to explain the question about how the potentialcreates and Baucke's dissociation mechanism made it more explicit.

This study analyses how different companies offer customer support through social media andthe customer experience of it.Facebook emerged in Sweden during 2008 and today it has more than 800 million user acrossthe globe. Initially Facebook was created for individuals. However, over time, Facebook hasincreased its functionality to support the presence of companies as well. Today most companieshas got a Facebook page and through it, they can easily communicate with their customers.Customer support is one of the communication forms that Facebook is used for.1A questionnaire that received a hundred responses together with a survey of the differentFacebook pages was done in order to determine how the companies work through socialmedia. The results from the questionnaire and the survey was analyzed with different theoriesregarding corporate presence on social media and Facebook.The results shows that only a few people actually used Facebook for customer support butamongst the ones who did the majority thought it worked well.

This master thesis concerns the relation between law and the theory of the conceptual metaphor which has developed within cognitive linguistics. Although its main focus is abstract thinking, it also covers a wide range of aspects within cognitive linguistics, such as the prototype theory and radial categories. In order to address this relation, three questions will be dealt with. Firstly, does the theory of the conceptual metaphor have relevance to interpretation of legal rules and contracts? Secondly, can the same theory explain why a legal rule or a contractual term has been interpreted outside of its most given area of application? Thirdly, when an interpretation is not predictable from a legal viewpoint, can such an explanation answer to that fact? Answering the first question will require a descriptive analysis of the conceptual metaphor and cognitive linguistics.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the EU discourse in the Swedish media. The questions that the analysis seeks to answer are; what image of EU is portrayed in the Swedish media? To which degree does the EU discourse fulfill media?s ?news values?? And what are the potential effects of the discourse on EU?s reputation? After several demarcations, I chose 8 articles form Sweden?s four largest newspapers to base the analysis on.    The theoretical and methodical structure behind this analysis is the theories and practices of Fairclough?s critical discourse analysis. Added to the theoretical structure are also theories about reputation and theories about news values. The method used in the analysis is a modified version of Fairclough?s three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis.