Tidigare forskning visar på att en prisvolatilitet existerar på marknaden för återvunnet material och att den många gånger är högre än volatiliteten för dess motsvarande jungfruliga material. Prisvolatilitet på marknaden för återvunnet material verkar vara en av orsakerna till osäkerhet på marknaden vilket i sin tur hämmar investeringar i marknaden, vilket leder till att färre substituerar jungfrulig råvara mot återvunnen råvara. Volatiliteten på återvunnet material kan ses från två olika perspektiv, ett där volatilitet är en orsak av effektiva marknader som styrs av utbud och efterfrågan och ett där volatilitet är en orsak av olika marknadsmisslyckanden. Syftet med denna studie är att mäta förändringen i volatiliteten för återvunnet material, utifrån ett antagande om att volatiliteten minskar över tiden då marknaderna för återvunnet material mognar och blir mer etablerade. Standardavvikelse används som mått för att mäta volatiliteten, där volatiliteten mäts för fem olika material, vilka har olika tidsperioder beroende på material.

The theme of this thesis is citizen participation in the planning- and design process. It turns to everyone that studies landscape architecture or work as landscape architects and I hope that it can function as a ground for discussions as well as a source for inspiration. Rågsved is a suburb south of Stockholm. Just outside the centre of this suburb, a small industrial area called Snösätra, is located. In a few years time the leaseholds for the small industries will expire and the key question is: What will happen then? This is my general concern and it was the main cause for me to start this particular work. How do you attend to a place that appears like blank sheet of paper? To an empty page that can be filled with an infinite number of different formulations.

Choosing a new plastic material for a container includes several different steps. In this case,the Finnish company Hackman needed a new type of packaging material for theircutlery- and kitchentool series »Hackman tools«. The project was carried out in cooperationwith the design agency Ytterborn & Fuentes, which has Hackman as a client.Several different demands were put on the material in order to fulfill as many of the clientswishes as possible. The most urgent problem with the existing container was the difficultysfor the customer to clearly see the contents in the container. Because of this problemthe customer tried to open the container in the shop.

Syftet med detta examensarbete om pedagogisk dokumentation är att undersöka hur pedagogisk dokumentation används av pedagoger för att utveckla det pedagogiska arbetet och verksamheten i förskolan. Undersökningen bygger på två frågeställningar. Med hjälp av dessa två frågeställningar vill vi undersöka pedagogers uppfattningar om hur de arbetar med pedagogisk dokumentation och vad som kan utvecklas i verksamheten med hjälp av det.För att dokumentation ska bli pedagogisk måste det finnas ett gemensamt reflektionsarbete med syftet att föra den pedagogiska processen framåt.För att undersöka hur pedagoger uppfattar pedagogisk dokumentation har vi valt att genomföra intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat pedagoger på två olika förskolor och vi har använt oss av ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv för att förstå och tolka vårt material. Vidare har vi använt oss av Kvales ?meningskoncentrering? som analysmetod.Vår undersökning visar att de intervjuade har en grundläggande förståelse om vad pedagogisk dokumentation innebär.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om och i så fall vilka laborativa material som används i samband med additionsalgoritmer med tiotalsövergång. Studien undersöker vidare de laborativa materialens betydelse för elevernas förståelse vid introduktionen av algoritmerna. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes observationer och intervjuer. Resultatet visade på att  laborativa material var vanligt förekommande. Det mest använda laborativa materialet hos de intervjuade lärarna var pengar.

This joint study has researched the use of non-European history in a Swedish textbook for the High School course History 1a1 as well as internet based material regarding the same issue. The aim of this study was to clarify the use of non-European history in regards to the Eurocentric theory.As for the textbook analysis the purpose was to research what non-European history was mentioned in the material with regards to geographical location and the events that were mentioned, as well as to study how much non-European history was included in the material compared to European or Western history.The study of internet based material aimed to show what kind of teaching material could be found on internet based databases by and for teachers. The study aimed to show how well the material handled non-European history, as well as to what degree the material used European perspectives when dealing with non-European events and geographical areas.In our thesis we have created our own definition of the theory regarding eurocentrism. The method used was a combination of a quantitative and a qualitative discourse analysis of the texts.Our results showed that the textbook was overwhelmingly Eurocentric, not only giving vastly more focus to the European parts of world history, but also using European perspectives and ideals to describe non-European events and areas. The internet based material, on the other hand, proved more diverse and less biased, but also more difficult to find and less plentiful.Our conclusion, then, is that teachers have to choose between the risk of letting their students develop a severely limited and heavily Eurocentric view of the world, and the additional workload required to find and organize non-textbook material to broaden their students horizons.We hope our study will contribute to the discussion of the place of Eurocentrism in today?s global and multicultural society..

I denna studie undersöker vi inomhusmiljö och material i två Montessoriförskolor. Våra frågeställningar handlar om hur inomhusmiljön är utformad och hur materialet är placerat i två Montessoriförskolor, samt hur två pedagoger i två Montessoriförskolor ser på miljö och material utifrån följande nyckelbegrepp från läroplanen för förskolan: utmaning och stimulans, initiativ och självständighet samt demokrati och medinflytande. I vår studie utgår vi främst från Maria Montessoris teorier angående miljö, material och självständighet, men tar också upp andra teorier kring miljö. Vi använder oss av observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer, som grundar sig på en pilotstudie som vi genomförde i en traditionell förskola. Resultatet visar på att miljön och materialet i de två Montessoriförskolorna tillåter barnen att ta egna initiativ och vara självständiga.

As a result of the Civil Protection Act, there is an imperative for Systematic Fire Preventive Measures, SFPM. SFPM can be divided in two parts: organisational preventive measures, and documentation of fire preventive measures. The manner in which SFPM is to be conducted is similar to that of the environmental management system ISO 14001. This report provides suggestions how to integrate SFPM with ISO 14001..

The intent with this paper is to investigate the medieval habitation in central Old Uppsala. This time-period has over the years been neglected. Therefore I wish to summarize and ana-lyze the medieval habitation to see what can be said about its continuity, and also to investi-gate why it is located in certain areas.Due to the amount of source material I have limited my investigation area to the central Old Uppsala. It is possible that this limitation will affect the result of the research but without the limitations the investigation area would have been too large to handle.The source material has been collected from excavation reports and the summarized. My theory is material culture and material agency.

The healing process of human bone can be aided by the presence of differentmaterials. A material that is transformed into bone when in contact with bone iscalled a boneconductive material. By transforming into bone the material reduces thetime that it takes to heal a fracture. This report is a study of existing boneconductivematerials on the market to see if there is a material available that would be suitable totest on larger fractures. The wanted application is to be able to heal fractures up to50 mm which is a fracture too big for the body to heal on its own.The healing process of human bone can be aided by the presence of differentmaterials.

The aim of this study is to find information about what to do when riding arena footings are worn-out. Especially, the surface layer of riding arena footings is very interesting because of its importance of giving grip in every step for the horse, as well as shock ab-sorption. Generally, surface layers are containing several different parts in order to achieve desirable properties. These different parts can consist of organic material or in-organic material (mostly gravel). Gravel and many other materials in the top-layer are environmental friendly, and therefore, easy to get rid of.

This dissertation discusses the preparations companies do when their auditor is about to visit them. We wanted to investigate if companies do some form of preparations with the intense of trying to influence the auditor in an, for the company, advantageous way. The purpose was to be fulfilled through the deductive process of theorization and from the gathering of empirical and the analysis of this data. We decided that a multiple case study would be the best approach for us, as we wanted to undertake a greater number of interviews than is normally done in a case study. The result from our study showed that auditors think that information from a company is more reliable, if its documentation is neatly kept, or if the relationship between the auditor and the company is good.

I uppsatsen sta?lls fra?gan hur mycket material som kra?vs fo?r en god natts so?mn. Projektet har utga?ngspunkten i ha?llbar utveckling med fokus pa? material, a?mnesstudier go?rs dels i ha?llbar utveckling men ocksa? i ergonomi och sa?ngen som fenomen. Metoder som anva?nds i projektet a?r intervjuer, marknadsunderso?kning, litteratur och a?mnesso?kning.

This essay studies the funnel-beaker ceramic in connection with the megalith graves in South Scandinavia. In my work I have described the nature of ceramics and looked on the crockery types and ornamentation and then discussed the use of the material in a ritual perspective. In the first part I have focused on the critical aspects you have to think about when you do a study like this one. In the second part of this essay I have done a case study, with the ceramic material, in three passages graves in the area of Falbygden, Western Sweden and studied the ceramic material and the nature of it in South Scandinavia as well. Then in the third I discussed the potential use, there is two, of the ceramic material in general of South Scandinavia and looked at it in a ritual perspective..

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the past 40 years the ambulance service in Sweden has evolved from mainly being a source of transport to today?s high-tech caring facilities that enable qualified care to start already in the patient?s home. This first level of care is now provided by registered nurses and registered nurses with specialist training in pre hospital care.At the same time as the care provided is becoming more advanced, results from studies demonstrate that the amount of dispatches to patients that lack the need for ambulance care and transport is increasing. Nurses in pre-hospital care possess the knowledge, training and authority to perform an initial assessment of patients and also treat patients according to local and national guidelines. After the treatment it would sometimes be possible for the patients to remain at home without having to use ambulance transport to an emergency department or in other cases find other means of transport to hospital.