Ungulates are causing conflicts between stakeholders due to browsing damage on forests and agricultural crops. At the same time there is a big demand of keeping high ungulate densities for sports hunting and recreational purposes. Movement patterns of ungulates are strongly correlated with forage availability. Therefore, measures affecting forage quantity and distribution might be a tool to reduce the economical losses in forestry without decreasing the ungulate densities and thereby decrease the conflict between different interest groups.This study investigated the potential biomass production and utilisation of marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. medullosa), at game fields in Misterhult, Sweden, as well as browsing effects on adjacent forests.

En ny lagförändring medförde att revisionsplikten avskaffades, vilket kom att beröra bådebolag och intressenter, såsom revisionsbolag, banker och myndigheter. Den borgerligaalliansen lämnade ett vallöfte år 2006 om avskaffad revisionsplikt och den 1 november år2010 blev revisionen frivillig för ungefär 250 000 småbolag. De krav som ställs för attbolag skall vara skyldiga att ha revisor är att de har mer än tre anställda, omsättningenskall vara mer än 3 miljoner kronor och balansomslutningen skall vara mer än 1,5miljoner kronor. Minst två av dessa krav måste vara uppfyllda.Revisionspliktens avskaffande är en fördel för de små bolagen, då det handlar omkostnadsbesparingar, men det kan också innebära en nackdel. När ett bolag väljer attavskaffa revisorn innebär det att Skatteverket kommer att ha mer kontroll och bolagetkanske inte anses vara lika förtroendefullt som när de anlitar en revisor.

Mo?ten som forum fo?r att tra?ffas, sprida information eller lo?sa problem har alltid funnits och det a?r en fo?reteelse som finns pa? alla arbetsplatser idag. Da?rfo?r a?r det ocksa? vanligt att alla har en a?sikt om just mo?ten och hur de fungerar pa? deras arbetsplats. Enligt tidigare studier a?r upplevelsen av effektivitet under mo?ten viktigt fo?r positiva jobbattityder och just attityder och emotionella upplevelser av ett mo?te pa?verkar deltagande och da?rmed hur mo?tets ma?l uppna?s.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Effects of isoflavone supplementation from soybeans on LDL-cholesterol levels in adultAuthors: Malin Blomgren Alegria and Ruut ReivaaraSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-08Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Asia, hypercholesterolemia is less common than in the Western countries. In Asian countries, soy products are consumed in larger quantities than in the Western world, which has led to implemented research with the intention of examining soy's potential effect on cholesterol levels.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence that isoflavone supplementation from soy bean may have a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol.Search strategy: The databases used for the systematic literature search were PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Keywords used were cholesterol and 9 versions of this, and isoflavones and 11 versions of that.Selection criteria: RCT articles, on humans, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, that focused on interventions with isoflavones from soybeans and its effect on blood cholesterol, the participants were over 18 years old and the study time was at least 24 weeks.

Titel: Revisorers arbetsuppgifter ? En kvantitativ studie om revisorers arbetsuppgifters förväntade utveckling efter avskaffandet av revisionsplikten med paralleller dragna till Tyskland Författare: Bohman, Kaisa (Mälardalens högskola) Gunstad, Anna-Karin (Mälardalens högskola) Handledare: Riitta Lehtisalo Seminariedatum: 2010-06-04 Institution: Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling Kurs: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 hp Examinator: Cecilia Lindh Nyckelord: Revisionsplikt, revisor, revision, arbetsuppgifter, Tyskland Bakgrund: Den 1 november 2010 träder en ny lag i kraft som avser avskaffandet av revisionsplikten i Sverige för små aktiebolag. När ramverket runt revisorerna förändras måste de anpassa sig för att bli så effektiva och verksamma som möjligt. Tyskland har i dagsläget ett system där mindre aktiebolag inte behöver revidera sina räkenskaper. Sverige och Tyskland har sina rötter i kontinental redovisningstradition vilket bidrar till att Tyskland kan anses vara ett föregångsland till Sverige.

To achieve a working collaboration in a big, complex organization where there are vast requirements on both quality and profitability is not always an easy task. An example of this is the organization that was created in the Swedish railway industry following a series of deregulations during the past 25 years. A partial market in this organization is the railway maintenance. In order to achieve a working collaboration between actors in this organization the so-called Purchaser-provider model (PPM) is presently used for the procurement of rail maintenance projects. Previous research has shown that this market-based instrument has clear positive effects regarding the cost-efficiency but hinders the collaboration.

Intresset för att redovisa hållbarhetsinformation har ökat kraftigt sedan 1990-talet. Denna redovisning fick till att börja med följa med som en bilaga till den årliga finansiella redovisningen. När det sedan blev allt vanligare med denna sorts redovisning, och redogörelserna dessutom tenderade att öka i omfattning, började man separera det som man idag kallar för hållbarhetsredovisning från den finansiella redovisningen. Trots att det fortfarande är en relativt liten andel företag som upprättar hållbarhetsredovisningar runt om i världen, så har det blivit en vanlig standard bland många stora internationella företag. Granskning av hållbarhetsredovisning är ett relativt nytt fenomen och det är endast en handfull svenska företag som låter granska sina hållbarhetsredovisningar.

Background and Problem discussion: Strategic evaluations are important as they providecrucial information regarding Swedish development assistance and recommendations on howto face problems and inadequacies found in the evaluations. Therefore, the follow up ofrecommendations is of great significance as well. Unfortunately, SIDA?s ManagementResponse system for follow-up of strategic evaluations has not been functioning in asatisfying way and needed actions have not been taken. Thus, Swedish developmentassistance has been criticised for the lack of implemented actions and the public has startedto question the work carried through by the organisations.

Purpose - To analyze the relationship between supply chain management maturity, supply chain performance and financial performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME:s).Design/methodology/approach - The data comprises 15 SME:s that participated in a local logistic study in Gävleborgs län. The levels of supply chain mature within these firms were based upon an interview study and the financial performance of the firms was then examined using financial reports-based data.Findings -The results of this study indicate that there is a strong relationship between SCM maturity and SC performance in SMEs, some relationships between SCM maturity and financial performance, as well as some relationships between SC performance and financial performance. This means that if firms use maturity indicators in the SCOR areas to improve their processes, they will most likely achieve a positive effect on supply chain performance and probably also on financial performance. The result implies that the supply chain maturities in these firms are higher than expected with no one at the adHoc level.While this study is based on a rather small number of participating firms, it would be valuable to further test the significance of the indicated correlations between SCM maturity and performance in a large-scale survey.Research limitations/Implications - The research is an attempt to understand supply chain maturity and it´s implication on financial performance. Developing supply chain maturity is an opportunity for a company to gain superior performance.

Senast som revisionsplikten var föremål för aktiebolagskommitténs arbete var 1995. Skälet som angavs då för inskränkning av revisionsplikten var att revisionen innebar en kostnad för företagen. Vid det tillfället skedde inga ändringar då revisionsplikten ansågs förhindra ekonomisk brottslighet i framförallt de mindre bolagen med ett litet aktiekapital. Vid ett möte i mars 2007 betonade det Europeiska rådet kraftiga gemensamma insatser för att minska de administrativa bördorna för företag. Det betonades att små och medelstora företags kostnader för revision och redovisning är särskilt betungande.

The biogas plant Kungsängens gård, owned by Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB, produces biogas and biomanure from organic household waste, food processing waste and slaughterhouse waste. In year 2012, 4.4 million Nm3 of biogas were produced from 25 200 tons of waste. Before digestion all substrate is sanitized by pasteurization at 70°C in order to kill pathogens. Another method, integrated thermophilic sanitation (ITS), is of interest in order to decrease the energy demand. The method implies that the substrate is sanitized during ten hours in the digestion chamber, where the temperature is 52°C.

AbstractThe research project Liberation, supported by the European Commission under the Environment and Sustainable Development Programme (Fifth RTD Framework Programme) aimed at developing a decision support system for ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites has proposed a tiered system including the triad method. This method integrates contaminant chemistry and bioavailability analyses with observed ecotoxicological effects in soil and groundwater. In this study the triad method was used to perform a risk characterization of a former surface treatment and metal industry, now used for the student union buildings of the Mälardalen University in Eskilstuna, Sweden. On the site, high concentrations of copper, zinc and nickel have been detected in the soil in a preliminary investigation of contaminant levels with XRF. For performing the risk assessment of the site according to the triad method, contaminant bioavailability, soil metal concentrations and soil toxicity were determined and an ecological assessment was carried out on four selected soil samples (one reference soil and three samples with low (B), medium (C) and high (D) contaminant levels). Contaminant bioavailability was measured through leaching (ISO TC 190/S7) and biouptake tests (DGT).

För omvärlden kom Enrons krasch som en chock men det fanns de som visste vad som pågick inom bolaget. Bland annat var ansvarig revisor införstådd med de finansiella svårigheterna men valde ändå att inte påpeka detta i revisionsberättelsen. Flera studier indikerar att detta är fallet även för andra bolag då resultaten visade på en liten andel going-concern utlåtanden trots hotande konkurs. Det här väcker tankar om revisorns utlåtande verkligen ska ses som en garanti. Enron-skandalen väckte även frågor kring revisorns oberoende då det framkom att samma revisor reviderat bolaget i flera år.

One could argue that the most discussed topic in finance is whether or not it is possible to ?beat the market?. Even though many people claim to do this, there is little evidence to support the idea that one can consistently beat the market over a long period of time. There are indeed several examples of investors who have managed to outperform the market consistently for a long time, but the efforts of these individuals or institutions could by many be considered to be pure luck.One of the many strategies that have been evaluated by several researchers and is said to generate a risk adjusted return greater than that of the market, is one based on the P/E-effect. This strategy is based on the financial ratio P/E ? price divided by earnings ? and used by constructing portfolios consisting of stocks with low P/E ratios.

Earth?s resources have been exploited unsustainably. If an entire conception of exploitationof natural resources does not change now, this will entail enormous costs in the future.This insight has lead to a recently increased interest in clean technologies among privateequity capitalists. In the fourth quarter of 2006 about 10 percent of all private equityinvestments made in the US market were placed in the cleantech industry. Despite a goodinvesting climate in Sweden, Swedish capitalists have shown little interest in cleantechinvestments.