The purpose of this master thesis is to map and analyze the appropriate valuation approaches used for Intellectual Property rights and develope a model for valuing patents. This project has been executed on behalf of Electrolux?s Group Intellectual Property and is intended to be used for managerial purposes.Project limitations include patents that doesent concern technology oriented products and services, real option methods, financial forecasts, decisions concerning patents taken by the R&D division, patent applications in general and taking into account unexpected future management decisions regarding patents.Electrolux?s Intellextual Property team applies, manages and protects the groups Intellectual Property rights including patents, designs and trademarks. With an increased globalization and the rise of emerging markets, incentives have increased further to protect and safeguard the group?s innovations.Mainly there are three different valuations approaches for valuing intellectual property rights, these include the income based approach, cost base approach and market based approach.

With a larger awareness of the climate changes and increasing electricity prices, energy efficiency measures in the industry have become more common. By rationalize the activity and by the same time decrease the emission of greenhouse gases the company can both save money and reduce negative environmental impact. For the Swedish industries the electricity price have traditional been relative low, which has resulted in a considerable larger usage than other European countries. By a deregulation of the European electricity market the electricity price will level off between the countries, which will cause a higher electricity price in Sweden than we are use to. To prevent that the Swedish industry don?t lose competitiveness against the other European countries, it will require energy efficiency activities in all different forms.ABB Sweden has decided to decrease their total energy usage with five percent in two years.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

Biodiversity consists of all life on Earth and in all forms. Biodiversity is often discussed at three levels: ecosystem, species and genetic variation within species. Biodiversity also provides many of the ecosystem services performed by nature and that we depend on, including cultural services such as aesthetic values, education and recreation. In Sweden the environmental objectives are central; there are 16 environmental quality objectives, and "A rich plant and animal life" is one of them. Conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is a prerequisite for achieving also most other environmental objectives. Another environmental quality objective that is tied to a rich biodiversity in cities and biodiversity is "Good built environment" where cities, towns and other built environment should provide a good living habitat and contribute to a good environment.

Title:"All the news thatÂŽs fit to print": A quantitative content analysis of The New York Times and Dagens Nyheters front pages on the basis of tabloidization theory.Authors: PĂ€r Brolin & Kristoffer OlofssonAim: We intend to distinguish elements of tabloidization in two daily newspapers as an effect to the increased economic and public orientated business models. The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter has been chosen mainly because they operates within different national media markets, secondly they are well known for their high journalistic standard. Based on the upcoming result, it's in our concern to illuminate these possible changes effect on the overall journalistic quality and discuss its importance. We aim to reveal the actual state of tabloidization in the two high quality newspapers The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter and thus answer the following questions:- In which way are the elements of tabloidization shown in The New York Times and Dagens Nyheter in a contemporary context as well under a twelve years period?- Based on the achieved results, what are the main differences between the two examined newspapers and what potential impact could it have on the journalistic quality?Method/Material: In order to perform this study, we have executed a quantitative study built on content analysis of the two newspapers front pages.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

This thesis reports on a case study of two different organisational forms in the Swedish forest industry; the geographic and the functional organisation. The work in the geographic organisation is carried out within districts under the supervision of an overall responible district manager, where as in the functional organisation the work has been divided into functions headed by function managers. Forest magement, logging and wood purchases are examples of such functions. The general idea of the functional organisation is having the functions working over a larger geographic unit, without subdividing district boundaries of the region. Also a third organisational form of current interest for the forest industry; the process orientated organisation, is analyzed in the case study. Here, a company outside the forest industry has been analyzed, since no forest company was considered to have made as much progress of changing organisation to process orientation. In the report I present the results from qualitative interviews, where I give the reader a picture of the motives behind each organisational form, what the form implies for some of the company?s interested parties and the organisations? views on future organisational development.

In Sweden there are laws and recommendations from The National Board of Health and Welfare about the importance of a user's involvement in and possibility of influencing services directed at them. Even with such good intentions the same board reports that it is hard to know if people experience that they do. The purpose of my study was to examine how professionals can use their knowledge to help users increase their sense of influence in services that they use. My focus has been on adults with neuropsychiatric disabilities within the autistic spectra, such as Asperger syndrome, and on the professionals working with them. The specific problem among people with neuropsychiatric disabilities is a lack of social skills.

The Swedish cooperative LantmÀnnen Ekonomiska Förening has initiated a project labelled "Operation BlÄljus" that includes an extensive program for closing down elevators. The number of elevators will be reduced from 92 to approximately 15 after harvest of 2007. The objective of BlÄljus is to increase the price of grain with 10 öre/kg. A project has been initiated at the LantmÀnnen Grain division where the purpose is to provide the farmers with support in their decisions and practical advice how they can load a 35 ton grain truck on 30 minutes. The result from the project will serve as a support system to the farmer in his ambition to achieve cost efficient systems to load a truck with grain on the farm.

Under mÄnga Är har mÀnniskan försökt att kontrollera sin hund med hjÀlp av ett koppel fÀst i ett halsband eller i en sele. Hundar har en stark instinkt att dra nÀr de kÀnner tryck, till exempel hundar som drar i kopplet pÄ promenad, vilket Àr problematiskt vid koppeltrÀning. Man kan ta till en del olika hjÀlpmedel för att fÄ hunden att sluta dra, men en del krÀver bÄde mycket kunskap och fÀrdighet för att anvÀndas rÀtt. Ett av dessa hjÀlpmedel Àr helstrypet, ett slags halsband som dras Ät runt hundens hals nÀr hunden drar. Detta Àr framtaget som ett trÀningsredskap nÀr man trÀnar med negativ förstÀrkning.

I takt med ökad konkurrens, vÀxande organisationer och högre krav pÄ effektivitet blir Àven vikten av metodiker, riktlinjer och modeller för att planera sina resurser allt mer betydande, sÄ Àven pÄ Volvo Construction Equipment AB Component Division. DÄ arbetet pÄbörjades fanns inga riktlinjer för hur Volvos konstruktörer uppskattade omfattningen av sin tid nÀr olika demonstratorer (funktionsprototyper) ska tas fram, istÀllet gjordes olika uppskattningar beroende pÄ vem som skulle utföra dem och nÀr detta skulle göras. Avsaknaden av en sÄdan metodik försvÄrar möjligheten att vÀga olika koncept mellan varandra och möjliggöra rÀtt prioritering av koncept dÄ varje konstruktör uppskattar sin tid annorlunda och resultaten sÄledes inte blir likvÀrdigt jÀmförbara. Syftet med examensarbetet Àr att utveckla en modell för att uppskatta resursbehov och omfattning av konstruktionsarbete nÀr en demonstrator ska tas fram, genom att ta till vara pÄ erfarenheter frÄn genomförda projekt och input frÄn olika konstruktörer. Krav pÄ modellen Àr att den ska vara enkel, anvÀndarvÀnlig och pedagogisk för att lÀtt kunna tillÀmpas pÄ olika tekniklösningar inom avdelningen för drivlineutveckling.

The world?s population reached more than 6.9 billion people in July 2011. It is expected that the population growth during the next 40 years will take place mostly in low-income countries and the population increase will be 2.3 billion people during 2011-2050. A rapid urbanization is also expected to result in 57.7 per cent of Africa?s population living in urban areas in 2050.

I HÀgglunds hydraulmotorer finns en kamring som ythÀrdas genom induktionshÀrdning. En robotbaserad induktionshÀrdningsutrustning som bestÄr av tvÄ induktorer installerades ca 1995. Problem med bland annat sprickbildning i kamringarna vid testning i motorprovlabbet medförde att det tog nÄgot Är innan induktionshÀrdningsutrustningen fungerade tillfredstÀllande. En brant hÄrdhetsgradient mellan hÀrdzon och grundmaterial anses vara till fördel eftersom den bör ge högre utmattningshÄllfasthet. Det maximala hertzka tryck som uppstÄr i kamringen av kamrullarna ger maximala skjuvspÀnningar ca 0,5mm under ytan.

Renal dysplasi (RD) is a congenital chronic renal disease affecting young dogs. It is a rather common disease that occurs in a large number of dogs and in some breeds there is a familiar incidence or suspected hereditary background. Both the etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown, but a theory about the cause of RD is that the two components that form the kidney, the uretheric bud and the metanephrogenic blastema, donÂŽt interact normally in the embryo. Kidneys affected by RD contain fetal (immature) structures that are inappropriate for the state of development/age of the dog and abnormal structures caused by an abnormal differentiation. Affected dogs usually are under .

Serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity is used as a tumor marker in disease monitoring in veterinary and human medicine. TK1, an intracellular enzyme, is involved in a salvage pathway of DNA precursor synthesis. TK1 is used in DNA precursor production by catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphate-group from a phosphate-donor to the 5?- hydroxyl-group of thymidine forming thymidine-monophosphate. Nucleoside monophosphosphates are finally converted into thymidine-triphosphates. TK1 activity significantly rises in the G1 and the S phase of the cell cycle.