One of the big challenges for the European Union today lies in finding a common foreign policy for its 27 sovereign member states with their divided interests, experiences and traditions. New objectives set requirements on the Union to develop and intensify its military ability. The European UnionÂŽs view on when military force can be utilized sets concepts like sovereignty and intervention in focus. Can sovereignty be limited and if so can an intervention be justified? How did the Union argue regarding its participation in the intervention in Afghanistan, 2001? The Just War Theory gives the essay a normative framework against which to assess the UnionÂŽs view and guidelines for the use of military capabilities.

Bakgrund: Alkoholkonsumtionen har ökat!i Sverige och Àr idag en del av det sociala livet. UpptÀckande och intervention vid alkoholproblem Àr viktigt bÄde för individen och samhÀllet. Dock Àr Àmnet alkohol personligt och kan anses vara ett kÀnsligt Àmne att prata om inte bara för patienten men Àven för vÄrdpersonalen. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka om lÀkare och sjuksköterskor upplevde att det fanns nÄgot som hindrade de frÄn att engagera sig i upptÀckande och intervention samt tala med patienter om deras alkoholvanor. Metod: Litteraturstudie som genomfördes genom granskningar av tio studier, 8 kvalitativa och 2 kvantitativa.

The aim of this study was to investigate a health intervention at a Swedish telecom company, with regards to behavioral, cognitive and somatic stress, experienced health, and absence due to illness. A further aim was to investigate the employees' perceptions regarding the health intervention. Questionnaires were collected from 139 employees at the customer service departments.Results indicated that the health activity bowling to some extent could predict lower behavioral stress. However, the most important predictors of stress and perceived health were lack of meaningfulness and quantitative demands. Lack of meaningfulness was also a predictor of absence due to illness.

Rett syndrome is a congenital neurological syndrome, which in the classic phenotype only affects girls. The symptoms include lack of speech, stereotypic movements of hands, dyspraxia and mental retardation, and these symptoms lead to communicative impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the intervention method Intensive Imitation affected interaction/communication and initiative in a girl with Rett syndrome. The design of the study was a Single Subject Experimental Design with a three-week long intervention period where the girl participated daily in 30- minute sessions of Intensive Imitation together with the test conductor. Interaction, communication and initiatives were observed and analyzed before (Baseline A), during and after (Baseline B) the intervention period.

The purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the parentalintervention ComAlong at the Division of Child Language, for parents ofchildren with severe language impairment. ComAlong is one of the parentalinterventions developed in the AKKTIV project. AKKTIV stands foraugmentative and alternative communication ?early intervention. Thepresent study consists of a case study, a compilation of course evaluationsand an interview with the two leaders of the course.

The academic underachievement of looked after children is well known. By involving foster carers in a Paired Reading intervention a Swedish project tried to address this issue, replicating a successful British trial. The aim of my thesis was to study the variations in the foster carers? experiences of this literacy intervention. Reading reports from 100 children were collected and qualitative interviews with 15 foster parents were analyzed using concepts from motivational psychology.

I denna studie har en intervention gjorts för att undersöka om det leda till att elever i lÄgstadiet fÄr en större förstÄelse taluppfattning Àn innan. UtifrÄn förtester som gjordes i en Ärskurs 1 valdes fyra elever ut för att under sex tillfÀllen fÄ delta i en intervention dÀr de presenterades för olika anvÀndbara strategier vid rÀkning av olika matematikuppgifter. Efter varje tillfÀlle fick hela klassen, inklusive interventionsgruppen, göra tester för att se hur klassen utvecklas inom omrÄdet gentemot interventionsgruppen. NÀr interventionen var klar gjordes tvÄ eftertester för att se hur effekten av interventionen höll i sig.Resultatet visade att de flesta eleverna i interventionsgruppen fick ett bÀttre resultat Àn innan. Under interventionens gÄng kan man se att eleverna utvecklats och blivit mer sÀkra inom omrÄdet taluppfattning.Inspirationen till detta arbete kom ifrÄn studier som bland annat Fueyo och Bushell Jr (1998) och Kaufmann, Handl och Thöny (2003) genomfört.

AbstractBackgroundParkinson?s disease is a chronically not curable progressive disease that leads to different degrees of disability. Controlled studies on how patient education influences subjective health in Parkinson?s disease are lacking.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the influence patient education had on drug requirements and on subjective health status of persons with Parkinson?s disease.MethodologyA short form of Health Survey, SF-12, was used to measure perceived health. SF-12 was administered before and one month after patient education (intervention group; n= 48), and in waiting list control (n= 48).

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse a group of young adults? childhood experiences of the intervention "contact family". The used methods were qualitative interviews and a standardised formulary with life questions, to strengthen the interviews and to compare data. The theoretical frame was taken from Bronfenbrenner?s child development theory and Antonovsky?s salutogenic perspective, which we supplemented with Hilchen Sommerschild?s theory about the "conditions of control".

The aim of the study was to evaluate parents and course directors?experiences of the AKKTIV ComAlong-course (Augmentative and AlternativeCommunication ? Early Intervention). ComAlong targets parents of pre-schoolchildren with extensive communication difficulties and aims to give parentsknowledge about different aspects of communication, communication developmentand AAC. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Individualinterviews and pair-interviews with totally nine persons were performed and 54course questionnaires filled in by parents were evaluated.

Trots lagar, nationella som internationella, Äterkommer diskussionen om etik vid militÀra interventioner. Uppsatsen handlar om huruvida NATO:s intervention i Kosovo levde upp till etiska lagar kring militÀra interventioner samt om normativa teorier fortfarande Àr relevanta och lÀmnas utrymme idag.Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att se om det fortfarande finns utrymme idag för normativa teorier, sÄsom den etiska teorin just war theory, och om dessa Àr rimliga att anvÀnda. Uppsatsen anvÀnder fallstudien Kosovo som exempel och analyserar samtidigt hur denna intervention lever upp till de nio punkterna i teorin.Kvalitativ textanalys samt fallstudie av Kosovo har anvÀnts som metoder och just war theory har anvÀnts som teori.Resultatet visar att sju av nio punkter helt eller till stor del levdes upp till under NATO:s intervention i Kosovo, och att de resterande tvÄ till viss del levdes upp till. Undersökningen pÄvisar ocksÄ att normativa teorier lÀmnas utrymme idag, och att teorin fortfarande kan vara relevant, om Àn med lite modifikation..

Manual signs are an augmentative and alternative communication mode which enables and facilitates communication for persons with impairments in speech, language and hearing. There are different ways of teaching signs to persons with intellectual disabilities. One of them is milieu teaching, which is a method where the teaching takes place in natural settings. This method has proven to give good results in generalization and maintenance. Teaching signs to staff in groups has been shown to be effective.

Olika frÄgor och problematik kring reglerna för intervention samt samspelet mellan regionala organisationer och FN utgör stommen i denna uppsats. Syftet Àr att utreda om ECOWAS fredsinsats i Liberia (1990-1997) var en folkrÀttsenlig intervention. DÄ insatsen hade dels fredsbevarande, dels tvingande inslag samt möjligen kunde ses som en humanitÀr intervention Àr huvuduppgiften att utreda om ECOWAS hade ett sÄdant samtycke som krÀvs för fredsbevarande insatser, om ECOWAS hade fÄtt ett bemyndigande av sÀkerhetsrÄdet enligt art 53 i FN-stadgan för den tvingande delen av insatsen samt om insatsen kunde karaktÀriseras som en humanitÀr intervention.Det framkommer att det som Àr viktigast i utredningen i förhÄllande till dessa frÄgor Àr huruvida ECOWAS kunde grunda sitt ingripande pÄ Liberias regerings samtycke allena, om retroaktiva bemyndigande av sÀkerhetsrÄdet Àr giltiga samt om det har utvecklats tillrÀcklig praxis och opinio juris för att rÀttfÀrdiga humanitÀra interventioner av regionala organisationer som sedvanerÀtt.Analysen visar att samtliga dessa frÄgor mÄste besvaras nekande, i varje fall i ett inledande skede. ECOWAS insats i Liberia var sÄledes till en början en folkrÀttsstridig intervention. Det utesluter dock inte att den kan ses som en föregÄngare för humanitÀra interventioner.

Speech intervention for children with language impairment aims to both strengthen specific language skills and to reinforce the ability to participate in interactional contexts. Children with language impairment often have problems in interaction; therefore the contributions of the conversational partner are of great importance. Thus, the demands are high on the speech and language pathologist (SLP) for sense and cohesion in intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine how SLPs and children with language impairment interact in language intervention. An approach influenced by Conversation Analysis was used in order to identify various phenomena that occurred, and their effect on the structure of the interaction was analyzed.Four SLPs, two men and two women, were enrolled in the study.  They participated in intervention with two children with language impairment each, i.e.

The main purpose of our paper is to reconstruct the intervention logic of the Swedish government's proposal to introduce a tax deduction for homework help. Furthermore, we also intend to outline the perceived impacts of this tax deduction in the municipality of Linköping. Our material consists of the government bill regarding the tax deduction, the parliamentary debate which preceded it as well as interviews with key people in the municipality of Linköping. In our study and in the light of Matthew Clarke?s theory of neo-liberalism within education policy, we also ask ourselves if the intervention logic behind the tax deduction and its perceived effects can be seen as a manifestation of neo-liberalism.