Background: Traditional oral health education is seldom enough in order for dental care personnel to motivate their patients to good, long-lasting oral health care habits and there is a need for evaluation of other more efficient methods. One of these methods is motivational interviewing. An overview of its origin, definition, theoretical background and practical methods is given by way of introduction. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to review studies that had used motivational interviewing in order to obtain oral health, focusing on prevention and treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries. Method: Systematic review. A search question was run through the databases ASSIA, ERIC, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and PubMed. The articles were reviewed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five publications (based on three studies) met the inclusion criteria.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva aktuell forskning om vilka faktorer som bidrar till bristfÀllig munvÄrd hos vÄrdtagare pÄ Àldreboenden. Vidare var syftet att beskriva vilka interventioner som har genomförts för att förbÀttra munvÄrden pÄ Àldreboenden samt effekter och erfarenheter av dessa. Metod: Sökningar har genomförts i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Artiklar med bÄde kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats har sökts och sedan kvalitetsgranskats enligt Högskolan Dalarnas modifierade granskningsmallar. Resultat: Faktorer som bidrar till en bristfÀllig munvÄrd var bland annat; motvilja frÄn vÄrdtagaren, munvÄrd ansÄgs som motbjudande av omvÄrdnadspersonal, lÄg prioritering av munvÄrd, brist pÄ kunskap om munvÄrd hos omvÄrdnadspersonal och brist pÄ rutiner för munvÄrd.

Fonologisk sprÄkstörning Àr den vanligaste typen av sprÄkstörningsdiagnos och innefattar uttalssvÄrigheter och/eller bristande fonologisk medvetenhet.  Syftet med studien var att undersöka om barn med fonologisk sprÄkstörning riskerar att fÄ lÀs- och skrivsvÄrigheter. 14 barn i Ärskurs 3 som i förskoleÄldern diagnostiserats med fonologisk sprÄkstörning testades i fonologisk medvetenhet, avkodning av ord och nonord samt stavning. Resultaten visade att Ätta av barnen har lÀs- och skrivsvÄrigheter och fem av dessa uppvisade svÄrigheter av dyslektisk karaktÀr. I ett försök att hitta samband mellan komponenter i den fonologiska förmÄgan i förskoleÄldern och eventuella lÀs- och skrivsvÄrigheter analyserades barnens journaler frÄn tiden för logopedisk behandling.

Purpose: The purpose is to examine more closely why the achievement of the environmental goals is so low. To within the thesis work to make this as interesting and with as good quality as possible, especially the environmental quality goal Reduced climate impact, but also Natural acidification and Protective ozone layer, has been chosen to be studied further. Method: A qualitative method and text analysis has been applied. Intervention theory, as Vedung 2009 describes, is used as an intellectual backbone and as a help to structure the essay. The three environmental quality goals correspond cases, or units of analysis. Analysis: The fulfillment of the respective environmental quality goals is analyzed according to its goal, policy instruments, implementation and its effects. To this some of the problems are analyzed that exist on the path to achieve the goals.

Parodontit Àr en kronisk sjukdom som krÀver en hög grad av egeninsats av patienten vilket gör att tandvÄrden kan behöva kunskaper om beteendeförÀndringar. HÀlsobeteende kan pÄverkas av individens kontrolluppfattning om sin sjukdom. En teori som beskriver mÀnniskors uppfattning om var de förlÀgger kontrollen för sin hÀlsa Àr Health Locus of Control (LOC). Syfte: att undersöka om LOC har nÄgon betydelse för 1) munhÀlsobeteende, vilket innefattade patientens egenvÄrd och tandvÄrdsregelbundenhet samt 2) om nÄgon av dessa studier visade att LOC kunde förÀndras genom en intervention. Material och Metod: Litteratursökning gjordes i databasen PubMed dÀr 21 artiklar valdes ut.

Bakgrund Det m?nniskan g?r utvecklar vem hon ?r och det ?r naturligt att skapa mening i vardagliga aktiviteter. N?r aktiviteter som ?r meningsfulla att g?ra inte utf?rs p?verkar det h?lsan negativt. Att drabbas av mental fatigue leder till en nedsatt f?rm?ga att hantera och utf?ra vardagliga aktiviteter.

Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) is characterized by paradoxical vocal cord movement during inspiration or expiration, and generally affects adolescents and predominantly women. Previous studies have shown a large inconsistency concerning terminology, definitions, etiology, assessment, differential diagnosis, co-morbidity and treatment. The purpose of this study was to map knowledge on and management of VCD in Sweden. The study was conducted as a written survey addressed to speech-language pathologists and physicians, and attained an answer percentage of 79 percent. The results showed that several professions were involved in the management of these patients, but no clear pattern of referral could be observed.

Introduction/Background: Economic evaluations help decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. Information generated from CEA can support evaluations of a new intervention with current praxis. The evaluations also provide information as to whether an intervention is cost-effective, both in economic terms and in health gains. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of economic evaluations in public health, with a focus on CEA. Use of economic evaluations is regarded as both a method for evaluation and as support for informed decisions.

Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska ?versikt var att unders?ka effekten av medelhavskost p? HbA1c j?mf?rt med annan kost hos vuxna ? 18 ?r med prediabetes och diabetes typ 2. Metod: Litteraturs?kningen genomf?rdes den 29 mars 2023 i databaserna Scopus och Pubmed. Inklusionskriterier var vuxna ? 18 ?r med prediabetes eller diabetes typ 2, intervention och kontroll var medelhavskost j?mf?rt med annan kost och utfallsm?ttet var HbA1c. Vidare inklusionskriterier var RCT som studiedesign, studien skulle p?g? i minst tolv veckor, humanstudier samt studier gjorda p? svenska/engelska.

To read and understand are essential competences for everyone in our society; at the same time reading comprehension among Swedish pupils is on the decline. The Swedish school must therefore try to improve their instructions to increase the students' reading comprehension. The aim of the study was to describe how three reading comprehension strategies, if possible, could improve the reading comprehension for the students, including children with learning disabilities, when reading texts of natural science in a third-grade class. The three strategies that were introduced were: to activate prior knowledge, to structure information and to record contents. The questions of the study were: How are the three strategies introduced in the classroom? Can the children with learning disabilities see any benefits for their reading comprehension when working with the strategies? How do the children with learning disabilities experience working with the strategies? Can the teacher see any benefits when working with the strategies? Is it possible to see any differences among the students' results, before and after completed intervention? Method: The results have been collected through observations and qualitative interviews, which make this a qualitative study.

Abstract  The development and onset of diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes are closely linked to genetics and lifestyle factors including physical activity and diet. A cluster of metabolic disorders called the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a high-risk factor in developing these diseases. Acording to the International diabetes institute, one fourth of the worlds adult population has MetS. These individuals are twice as likely to die from CVDs compared to individuals without MetS. Physical activity (PA) and exercise has been shown to provide a number of positive effects that are considered to reduce the risk of developing sickness and premature mortality among both men and women of all ages, independent of other risk factors.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training in the treatment of chronic pain, estimate the degree of mindfulness before and after intervention, and to describe the participants experience of mindfulness training. Mindfulness is defined as moment to moment, non-judgmental awareness. After the treatment of chronic pain 16 patients were offered and nine agreed to participate in mindfulness training. The intervention group took part in an 8-week group-program. The comparison group, not randomized, was 16 former patients.

Nedsatt talperception förekommer hos flera grupper barn som besöker audiologisk och logopedisk klinik. Dessa Àr exempelvis barn med sprÄkstörning, barn med kognitiva nedsÀttningar, barn med hörselnedsÀttningar och barn med (centrala) auditiva bearbetningsnedsÀttningar (CAPD). För nÀrvarande saknas standardiserade talperceptionstest som ger information om hur barn diskriminerar, identifierar och producerar sprÄkljudskontraster i ord. Det Àr dÀrför av stor vikt att utveckla diagnosverktyg för att öka möjligheten till ett reliabelt testförfarande och differentialdiagnostisering. Föreliggande studie hade 2 syften.

In Sweden surgical treatment of vocal fold lesions in children is fairly uncommon. At Falun hospital they have adapted a more generous attitude towards phonosurgery of children?s vocal folds. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate surgical treatment of organic vocal fold lesions in children and to assess the phonosurgical patient utility. The study was carried out at the Ear-, Nose- and Throat clinic, Falun hospital, Sweden.

Fysisk aktivitet pÄ recept har uppmÀrksammats mer och mer under senare Är i Sverige. Hittills har man inte funnit ett sÀtt att implementera det pÄ utan olika modeller har vuxit fram lokalt. Eftersom det Àr en relativt ny företeelse har man inte hunnit utvÀrdera i nÄgon större utstrÀckning. För att fÄ följsamhet till fysisk aktivitet pÄ recept krÀvs att patienten har motivation och kunskap att genomföra det. Syftet med den hÀr litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur fysisk aktivitet pÄ recept fungerar och pÄ vilket sÀtt jag som sjuksköterska kan anvÀnda mig av det för att patienten ska anta en aktivare livsstil i framtiden.