This thesis examines the reasons to why railway projects conducted by Banverket (Swedish National Rail Administration) could be expected to cause significant effects on the environment, on which grounds the County Administrative Board and Swedish National Rail Administration base their decisions/assumptions and highlight regional differences between the different Swedish national rail administrations regions. Total 24 railway projects, conducted or being conducted, during the time period 2001 - January 2010 have been analyzed and studied. These projects represent eight different measures/activities which are dispersed throughout all five of the Swedish National Rail Administration´s different regions. Swedish legislations demands that the planner of a new railway project shall first conduct a pre-study and then conduct a public consultation which provides the participants an opportunity to provide input. The County Administrative Board shall then decide if the project could cause significant effects on the environment.

The Swedish Transport Administration manage nearly 4,000 railway bridges in different condition and age around the country. These bridges is in constant need of maintenance and requires continuous inspections. This thesis is designed as a damage investigation on a single-track railway bridge south of Solvarbo in Säter municipality. The railway bridge is in operation and serves over 10,000 trains a year, everything from speed trains to freight trains. The bridge is built as a beam bridge, simply supported over a road.

Bygglov handlar om att väga enskilda intressen mot allmänna intressen i hur vår omvärld skase ut. Tolkningen av hur lagen ska efter levas faller på bygglovshandläggaren, dennes chefoch däröver nämnden. Att handlägga ett bygglov kräver kunskaper i både PBL (plan- ochbygglagen) och BBR (boverkets byggregler), rätt instanser ska kontaktas samt remisser ochgrannhöranden skickas i de fall de behövs. En handläggare måste kunna läsa och tolkalagtexter, kartor och detaljplaner som ibland är av äldre datum och svårtydda.Det här arbetet tar upp hur kommunerna arbetar med bygglovshandläggningen och hurkunderna upplever kommunernas arbete. Vilka uppgifter en bygglovshandläggare utför underen dag undersöks.

The objective of this thesis is to map the resources and methods used at the department OPPC, at AstraZeneca, and derived from that give suggestions on possible solutions that will increase their productivity.Mapping of the product flow, as well as gathering of process data, has mainly been done using observations, but consultation with the process technicians has also played a great role. Further have theoretical methods been used, based on literature studies, within the areas of Lean production and statistics.The work has incrementally gone forward since the steps taken has been restricted by the irregularity of production which led to the need of creating a fictive production flow. This has affected the lead-time calculations in the way that they are meant to give an indication, rather than an absolute truth, on how different methods described shall be used.The current state analysis showed multiple areas of improvement when defining capacity as value adding time in relation to total throughput time. Using the "standard scenario" as a basis showed that the actual production flow only constituted 50% of the total project time. Further it showed that the workflow contained more non-value adding activities than value adding activities, which is a result of how the work is distributed within the department as well as in the different projects.

Logistik fått en allt viktigare roll i dagens rationaliseringsarbete eftersom många av effektivitetsvinsterna ligger i gränssnitten mellan olika avdelningar och aktörer i värdeflödet. Därmed är det av intresse att studera huruvida aktörer kan erhålla synergieffekter genom samordning inom logistiksystemet. Då varje aktörs logistiksystem är unikt så har studien utförts i samarbete med en global kemikoncern på en utav deras fabriksområden. På området verkar i dagsläget sex oberoende aktörer, varav tre tillhör den aktuella koncernen och därmed är de som ligger i fokus för studien. De övriga aktörerna likväl de aktiviteter som inte är kopplade till logistiken har exkluderats ur studien.Utifrån det här intresset och samarbetet så har följande syfte formulerats: ?Syftet med studien är att utreda vilka potentiella synergieffekter som kan erhållas vid en samordning av aktiviteter och resurser inom logistikhantering mellan aktörer, som i dagsläget arbetar mer eller mindre isolerat ifrån varandra?.Genom en kombination av litteratursökningar med fokus på Lean och Nätverksmodellen samt en kvalitativ studie i form av datainsamling, flertalet intervjuer, noggranna observationer, processkartläggning samt en benchmarking har en analys gjorts.Analysen har lett fram till ett flertal rekommendationer där förbättringspotential finns samt förväntade synergieffekter som rekommendationerna kan resultera i.

Hälso- och sjukvården har höga krav som branschen har svårt att uppfylla. Logistik har fått en ökad betydelse inom sektorn och handlar i detta fall om att på kortast tid få en patient färdigbehandlad. Denna rapport tar fram logistiska förändringsprinciper som är framgångsrika i hälso- och sjukvården. En litteraturstudie visar att det finns ett antal logistiska förändringsprinciper och verktyg som med positivt resultat har anpassats till hälso- och sjukvården. Dessa är; Lean production, processorientering, flödesorientering, Time-based competition, Theory of Constraints, Supply chain management, Planering, Mål och mätmetoder, Patienten i fokus, Genombrott och Advanced access.

In recent years the construction industry has been exposed to increased time pressure which has resulted in a higher amount of wastage. Today 35 % of all construction projects in Sweden is "wasted". Time pressure has risen due to increased competition on the market, with more actors entering the construction business, therefore profit margins decreased which has led to a more pressing need for decreasing the amount of wastage.Bravida is Scandinavia's largest supplier of installations and provides specialist services in electrical installations (heating and sanitation), and ventilation. Mahdi Bawaqneh's task was to investigate where, how and why wastage occurs in the company's projects and how to prevent such wastage. The thesis covers the subjects of lean production, communication in projects and planning of projects.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how six students who attend a high school relate to their multilingualism and emphasize how their multilingualism has affected their views of themselves and their identity. The fundamental questions were:How do six students who attend a secondary school relate to their multilingualism?How has students' multilingualism affected their views of themselves and their identity?I did use a qualitative research method in terms of interviews to receive answers for my inquiries.Carla Jonsson (2010) speaks inter alia about ?the third space? which concerns adolescents creating a ?third room?. Almqvist (2006) believes that adolescents that are exposed to discrimination and prejudices can lead to them turning their backs on society in disappointment. Boyd (1985) has, in his thesis, found that multilingual students communicate with the majority language and with their mother tongue with their parents.

The care for the elderly in the municipalities has recently seen the need for a formalized system for quality assurance. Under increasing demands for monetary efficiency while bound by law to retain acceptable standards in health care, there is need for efficient and at the same time quality-assured management. The municipalities often solve this puzzle by introducing systems and standards influenced by theory-clusters such as NPM (New Public Management), TQM (Total Quality Management) or other quality management theories.This essay focuses on how the public administration in the municipalities defines quality and designs and implements system for formalized quality assurance. Our basic view of organizations is institutionalist and our theoretical framework includes theories about quality, NPM and TQM..

Fair trials? rights under Swedish law of public administration (FL) are regulated by Article 7 of the Statute. Similarly, fair trials? right under the European Convention of Human Rights (EU Convention) is regulated by Article 6.1. The essay conducts a comparative study of the two legislations and seeks to determine whether Article 7 of the Swedish law of public administration is consistent and compliance with Article 6.1 of the EU Convention.

Logistikens vikt för företag blir allt större. En mängd faktorer i företagens omvärld tvingar företag att följa med i utvecklingen för att behålla sin konkurrenskraft. Den ständiga förändringen som sker inom logistikområdet präglas av en mängd tidstypiska trender. Företag med en betydande logistik tvingas därför ta ställning till dessa trender, som på olika sätt sätter avtryck i organisationer då de väljer att implementera tillhörande arbetssätt och metoder från trenderna.Studien undersöker hur företag påverkas av logistiska trender. Detta sker genom att beskriva hur de ser på utvecklingen inom logistik och de trender som utvecklas inom området, samt att se till hur trenderna har satt spår i företagens verksamheter.

Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns anledning att göra skillnad på organisationer i forskning om kunskapshantering. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är också att besvara om och i sådana fall hur och varför hanteringen av kunskap skiljer sig mellan organisationer i offentlig sektor och organisationer i privat sektor. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, då en sådan lämpade sig bäst för att besvara uppsatsens syfte. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjuerna genomfördes med en organisation från privat sektor och en organisation från offentlig sektor. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen analyserades empirin. Slutsatser: Båda organisationerna arbetar med kunskapshantering även om det ofta sker på ett omedvetet sätt. Vilka aktiviteter de ägnar sig åt som kan klassas som kunskapshantering sker därför undermedvetet och ger inte de effekterna på organisationen som de skulle kunna få.

The aim of this study is to investigate how new knowledge, discovered and translated by the archaeologist, is transferred to the public by examining the question posed to the archaeologist by ?la?nsstyrelsen,? the county administration office.Since there can be no mediation of knowledge without an understanding of its perception, I pay a visit to the cognitive sciences in order to answer what knowledge is and how it functions in regards to contract archaeological results.I argue that the current structure of mediation, in regards to archaeological knowledge, is in need of the same quality control that is demanded by the contractors in regards to standard archaeological procedures. When presenting archaeology to the public, consideration needs to be paid to the different targets groups of society. The importance of national directions rather than regional translations for mediation of archaeology is stressed by the author. This needs to be carried out through a change of the questions posed to the contracted archaeologists by the county administration in their ?fo?rfra?gningsunderlag,? the order specification for archaeological investigations. .

The essay is written at the request of Nyköping municipality park management by PatRadestedt who wanted a design proposal for one of the five courtyards at the Tessin Schoolin Nyköping. The Tessin School is located 2 miles from the center of Nyköping and the schoolhouses approximately 900 students. To make a design proposal for the courtyard that lies atthe canteen I decided from the outset that I wanted to take some of the Tessin SchoolStudents' opinions and wishes regarding their own outdoor spaces. I had a workshop witheight students from the arts program with the image orientation in which they had to drawand tell them what they wanted to do in the courtyard. The outcome of the workshop, Iused to move forward in my future work with a concept that fit into the environment, wethen apply it in my final design proposal.

This paper addresses the question about what role typography plays in the interpretation of a text. From three different handbooks in typography arguments are gathered and categorized in to three categories: roman types, san serif and others. Interviews with people from the graphic design area are also a part of the paper and are accounted for in the discussion part of the paper. Areas of theory are a broad hermeneutic view based on Hans-Georg Gadamers thoughts, which have sub categories such as: Michel Foucault?s theory about discourses, John Swales genre theory and Anders Björkvall?s thoughts on typography and multi-modal texts.