Even though battles have been fought in built-up areas for a long time, there have not been any specific theories connected to it. As the world becomes increasingly urbanized, the problem of not having any complete theories with which to analyze military operations in urban terrain becomes bigger. This essay aims to contribute to the field of military theory by investigating if Robert Leonhard?s theory of combined arms can be used in analyzing such operations and to be able to explaining the outcome of them. The main question posed in this essay is; to what extent can Leonhard?s theory explain the outcome of military operations in urban terrain? The method used to answer this question is a comparative method formed as a case study of two military operations in urban terrain, Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury, which both took place in Fallujah during the Iraq war 2004. The intention is to test Leonhard?s theory in both cases by assigning the theory several indicators, which are tested in each case. The result shows that the indicators appeared almost equally in both cases, even though one of the operations was said to be a success and the other a failure.

Public participation in urban planning is meant to increase democracy in the planning process. Even though all citizens have the option to participate in urban planning debates, few seize their chance to partake. This thesis describes a study on how user needs are met and prioritized in design processes concerning urban planning. The aim was to determine whether user-centered design (UCD) methods could be used as an avenue for public participation in urban planning and ultimately invite more citizens into the planning process.The thesis details a design process where a team worked to develop Farsta, a suburb of Stockholm. The design problem was the question of how Farsta could become an attractive business location.

Outdoor recreation habits in metropolis and rural areasThis study aims to examine the perception of nature and outdoor recreation habits from an urban-rural prospective. The urbanization process continues in Sweden and the populations of the cities are growing continuously. Trends to build more compact and ?climate smart? reigns and with this a risk that green areas and areas where outdoor recreation can be practiced are situated further and further away from the urban population. Analyzing the responses from a survey made by the research program Friluftsliv i förändring 2007 we have examined if and which differences exists between urban and rural areas regarding their perception of nature, outdoor recreation habits and factors influencing the practice of outdoor recreation.

Outdoor recreation habits in metropolis and rural areasThis study aims to examine the perception of nature and outdoor recreation habits from an urban-rural prospective. The urbanization process continues in Sweden and the populations of the cities are growing continuously. Trends to build more compact and ?climate smart? reigns and with this a risk that green areas and areas where outdoor recreation can be practiced are situated further and further away from the urban population. Analyzing the responses from a survey made by the research program Friluftsliv i förändring 2007 we have examined if and which differences exists between urban and rural areas regarding their perception of nature, outdoor recreation habits and factors influencing the practice of outdoor recreation.

Outdoor recreation habits in metropolis and rural areasThis study aims to examine the perception of nature and outdoor recreation habits from an urban-rural prospective. The urbanization process continues in Sweden and the populations of the cities are growing continuously. Trends to build more compact and ?climate smart? reigns and with this a risk that green areas and areas where outdoor recreation can be practiced are situated further and further away from the urban population. Analyzing the responses from a survey made by the research program Friluftsliv i förändring 2007 we have examined if and which differences exists between urban and rural areas regarding their perception of nature, outdoor recreation habits and factors influencing the practice of outdoor recreation.

Ett förändrat klimat kan komma att utsätta samhället för en rad olika påfrestningar, vilket förväntas ställa ökade krav på den fysiska planeringen av samhället. Detta examensarbete innefattar en studie vars syfte är att ta reda på hur tjänstemän som arbetar med fysisk planering på kommunal nivå upplever ansvarsförhållandet, liksom det praktiska arbetet med att anpassa samhällelig bebyggelse till ett förändrat klimat. Studien syftar också till att ge svar på den mer övergripande frågan om huruvida fysisk planering är ett lämpligt verktyg att använda för att anpassa samhällelig bebyggelse till de situationer som kan tänkas uppträda i ett förändrat klimat. Studiens genomförande grundas på kvalitativa intervjuer med tjänstemän som arbetar med fysisk planering i Helsingborgs stad, Kristianstads kommun, Landskrona kommun och Vellinge kommun samt en dokumentstudie av ovanstående kommuners översiktsplaner. Resultaten från studien visar bland annat att fysisk planering är ett lämpligt verktyg att använda för att anpassa samhällelig bebyggelse till ett förändrat klimat om klimathänsyn integreras i planeringen.

This study has investigated how urban vegetation can be used in a multifunctional way to support ecosystem services in urban environments. Nacka municipality is in the start-up phase of building what is to become Nacka city. This provides a unique possibility to study and analyse what role the vegetation play in making the city a healthy living environment and how it needs to be adapted in order to be resilient against changing climate conditions and how the effects of those changes can be regulated. The study further investigates how airborne pollution, caused by urbanization processes, can be regulated or reduced by vegetation or species selection. Methods used in this study were a combination of qualitative interviews and literature studies, seeking to answer the questions: Which specific ecosystem functions are needed in the urban environment and which aspects will influence the ecosystems ability to deliver the functions in demand? And which plant species have the right mechanisms needed to deliver those functions? These questions have been studied and analysed in a local based context where the local conditions ands site specific needs of Nacka define criteria for plant selection.

A brush of paint on a grey compound wall can mean so much more than simply an addition of colour. It can meanan appropriation of public space, a shared public space enclosed by a wall now ?owned? by someone. It can meanan arisen conflict leading to debate about the right to use public space.The Wall Project is a Mumbai based beautification project that uses paint and outdoor walls to brighten uptheir city. The Urban Typhoon workshop is an activity set up in self-evolving neighbourhoods where municipalinterference is scarce.

Outdoor recreation habits in metropolis and rural areasThis study aims to examine the perception of nature and outdoor recreation habits from an urban-rural prospective. The urbanization process continues in Sweden and the populations of the cities are growing continuously. Trends to build more compact and ?climate smart? reigns and with this a risk that green areas and areas where outdoor recreation can be practiced are situated further and further away from the urban population. Analyzing the responses from a survey made by the research program Friluftsliv i förändring 2007 we have examined if and which differences exists between urban and rural areas regarding their perception of nature, outdoor recreation habits and factors influencing the practice of outdoor recreation.

Bakgrund: Tidig graviditetsf?rlust ?r en vanlig men ofta tabubelagd h?ndelse som kan medf?ra djup sorg, skuld och oro hos drabbade kvinnor. De har ofta ett stort behov av emotionellt st?d, tydlig information och ett empatiskt bem?tande fr?n sjuksk?terskan. Detta st?ller h?ga krav p? personcentrerad omv?rdnad.

Urban sprawl är ett problem i hela världen. Ekonomi, hälsa, miljö och jordbruksmark är några saker som stadsutbredningen har effekter på (Habibi, 2011). I USA började problemen med urban sprawl efter andra världskriget när möjligheter till billiga bolån skapades. Detta gjorde att fler människor hade möjlighet att flytta till enfamiljshus i förorterna och användandet av bil som transportmedel ökade (Duany, 2010). Stadsutbredningen i Sverige startade efter andra världskriget då bilismen ökade även här.

Kandidatprojekt Kontor och Bostäder vid Hornsbruksgatan. Att i en intressant kontext, vid både stad och park skapa en levande miljö där de olika nivåerna nyttjas för att skapa nya stadsmiljöer. Ett blandat program, bestående av bostäder, kontor och kommersiell verksamhet, som normalt är ganska slutet öppnas upp för allmänheten och disponeras i förhållande till grad av offentlighet..

Förändringar är ett aktuellt ämne som dagens organisationer ofta ställs inför i olika sammanhang. Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet förändringsmotstånd och undersökningen är gjord utifrån ett ledningsperspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att förstå ledningens strategier för hur organisationen kan bemöta och kringgå förändringsmotstånd. Vi har genomfört personliga intervjuer med sex aktörer på ledningsnivå i tre organisationer. Undersökningen har syftat till att beskriva hur ledningen upptäcker motstånd vid förändringar, hur ledningen upplever olika bakomliggande faktorer till motstånd samt hur och varför ledningen hanterar motstånd vid en förändring.

I samband med en ?kad efterfr?gan och st?rre behov av fossilfri energi kommer storskaliga solcellsanl?ggningar p? mark att spela en allt viktigare roll. Samtidigt kr?vs ett h?nsynstagande till lokalbefolkningen som f?r anl?ggningen placerad i sin n?rhet. Tidigare forskning har visat att b?de ekonomiska, sociala och milj?m?ssiga aspekter g?r att koppla till n?rboendes acceptans.

In urban planning and design today interventions tend to take place in already existing areas and inevitably effect also surrounding areas. The many parties involved in any change leads to a demand for a shared language around these areas. This thesis aim to, through understanding and communicating a site, Stora Södergatan in Lund Sweden, inspire to a novel way of looking at an urban site preceding design- or planning interventions. Based on a theoretical framework where site is considered as a relational construct, material as well as immaterial, a framework for site thinking is constructed. Further, with theory of representation, the communication of the site is emphasized and accounted for as part of the framework.