Syfte: Vårt syfte med föreliggande arbete är att undersöka, såväl teoretiskt som praktiskt vilken roll IR spelar på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Vi vill öka förståelsen för dess roll på aktiemarknaden och vi bör kunna dra slutsatser om hur informationen används och vilket värde den tillmäts av mottagare och av givare. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie som framför allt bygger på information från en enkät skickad till investerare samt djupintervjuer med företagsledare. Vi använder också data från IR-symposium 2002. Utifrån teorier analyseras sedan det empiriska materialet.

Bakgrund: Investor Relations (IR) är den kommunikationen som företagen för med den finansiella världen, främst till analytiker och investerare. Idag är hemsidor en standardmetod för företagen att sprida sin finansiella information på och det finns många fördelar såsom minskade kostnader och förbättrad informationskvalité. Forskningen på området präglas av en klassisk bild av att företagens storlek påverkar informationsinnehållet på deras hemsidor, ju större företag desto bättre kvalité och innehåll på informationen. Frågeställning: Då forskningen de senaste åren har stagnerat inom detta ämnesområde samt att den senaste studien av svenska förhållanden gällande företagsstorlek kontra IR-kvalité är snart tio år gammal vill denna uppsats reda ut: Vilka skillnader i informationsinnehållet finns mellan stora, mellanstora och små företags IR-sidor? Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka vad det i första hand finns för skillnader i informationsinnehållet på företagens hemsidor mellan stora, mellanstora och små företag.

Investor Relations har två syften att uppfylla. Investor Relations ska öka marknadens effektivitet, genom att vara ett verktyg för att kommunicera med marknadens olika aktörer. Investor Relations kan också vara ett relationsmarknadsföringsverktyg, där dess uppgift är att marknadsföra bolaget på bästa sätt. Utvecklingen i de svenska bolagens ägarstrukturer går ifrån några stora ägare till ett mer spritt ägande, vilket är resultatet av fler börsnoteringar och den globalisering som skett. Detta har lett till att kraven på bolagens Investor Relations har ökat under åren.

Investors have been shown to be driven by emotional and psychological factors. This contradicts classical financial theories, for example the Efficient Market hypothesis which states that all investors act rationally. Behavioural Finance is an area of study which describes various psychological factors which may result in irrational investor behaviour.The primary question of the study is: which factors do operating people in the financial sector consider themselves to be influenced by? The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which affect the process of creating forecasts or making financial decisions. The study examines in addition if there is a correlation between length of investor experience and overconfidence in forecasting accuracy and investment decision making.The study includes both quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Uppsatsen behandlar riskbedömningen vid förvärv av noterade respektive onoterade bolag ur investmentbolags synvinkel. Vidare undersöktes om det föreligger några skillnader beträffande specifika företagsrisker och marknadsrisker beroende på om de tilltänkta förvärven är noterade eller onoterade bolag. Intervjuer gjordes med investmentbolagen Investor och Ratos. Investor är Sveriges största investmentbolag och investerar nästan uteslutande i noterade företag medan Ratos är ett av de mindre och har en uttalad strategi att bara äga onoterade företag. Den främsta skillnaden mellan noterade och onoterade bolag låg i själva riskbedömningen.

Swedish films are often based on the genres romance and comedy. The films dealing with relations and comedy can almost be seen as a genre of its own. The composition of the complex relation between the audience and the genre is the primary research focus of this thesis. With the teoretical ground in intertextuality, sociology and romances the thesis examines three relations in three different films. The films english titles are, Adam & Eva, Making Babies, and Double Shift.

There are various investments to suit different investors, what affects the investor is the risk he/she takes with the investment and also the awareness  the investor has. According to different theories a higher risk gives even a higher yield to compensate for the extra risk the investor takes.In this paper, we discuss and compare two different forms of savings, Swedish closed-end funds and Swedish mutual funds to examine what alternative that generates highest returns in relation to the risk.To help, we use different evaluation measures that adjusts the different investments risk so that you can compare how well the investments have performed regardless of the risk they have. This will give us an answer about what investment form that have performed the best between 2002.01.01-20010.12.31. Five Sweden mutual funds and five closed-end funds have been selected to participate in the survey.To evaluate this, it is primarily quantitative data, analyzed in the evaluation measures. The results obtained in the survey show that Swedish closed-end funds have performed far better during the selected time period.

Nearly 74 percent of the Swedish population invests in funds and the options are therefore various. The Swedish private investors can choose between active and passively managed funds. Fund managers, who seek to generate higher returns than the market, manage active managed funds. Unlike the active managed funds, passively managed funds do not require any active investment decisions.Fama?s (1970) efficient market theory reflects all available information in the stock price, therefore it is not possible to predict how the stock price changes.

Through an examination on a Telemarketing company this paper aim to investigate which relations there is between the level of motivation and performance and how these are related to the factors that are included in Herzbergs two-factor-theory.In this essay we have been using a questionnaire and interview. We have also been able to collect statistics on employees from the Telemarketing company we examine. On the basis of these data we have analyzed which relations there is.The examination shows on relations who mean that the factors Performance and Acknowledgement are the ones that affect the motivation the most, and therefore the level of Performance. The rest of the Motivation factors don?t show any clear relations.

Debatten om det rimliga i att tillämpa rörliga belöningsmodeller i form av bonusar och optionsprogram som ersättning för utfört arbete tycks återkomma varje vår i svensk massmedia. Många undrar varför allt fler svenska företag väljer att följa denna trend, särskilt som studier visar att något samband inte kan påvisas mellan prestation i form av måluppfyllelse och rörlig lön annat än med speciella förutsättningar. Mot denna bakgrund ter det sig intressant att vundersöka vilka faktorer som är styrande vid valet av lämplig belöningsmodell hos svenska företag. Ett sätt att öka insikten på är att göra en djupstudie på något lämpligt företag. Valet föll på Investor, bland annat för att bolaget på årets bolagsstämma beslutade anta ett nytt belöningsprogram.

Socially Responsible Investments (SRI) and Active Ownership have become increasingly important concepts when it comes to the corporate governance of investors today. Institutional owners highlight the importance of engaging in dialogue, in their pursuit to influence the companies to become sustainable. However, stakeholders and academia are requesting more insight into the workings of these dialogues, concerning their purpose, design and function. This study attempts to increase the existing knowledge of dialogue as a tool for active engagement, used by institutional investors in Sweden. The performed study is based on interviews with five public and private Swedish institutional investors, an SRI consultant firm as well as representatives from two NGOs.

This study is an institutional analysis of the firm both as it is theoretically conceptualized and how it takes shape and changes. The role of power relations between manage¬ment and employees is especially examined with the aim of evaluating pos¬sible connections between the firm as an institution and power relations within it. Based on a comparison of two cases (two selected periods of the same organization) it asks ?How closely does each case match the conceptual characteristics of the firm??; ?What are the power relations between management and employees in each case??; and finally ?What factors account for the resulting differences??. It is found that there is a negative correlation between employee power and proximity to the firm as a concept.

The public relations business has grown from almost nothing to a large international industry the last decades. Throughout the history the industry has struggled with a lot of critique and public relations has become a negative symbol for manipulation of information. Because of this negative view of the industry and the medial change taking place, the purpose of this study is to investigate how two different generations think about public relations. More accurate, the study will through a qualitative interview study explore how young people from a highschool in Luleå and elder people from Luleå township thinks about pubic relations, and most imortant why they have this particular view. By creating four focus groups, two with men and two with women, this also enables a comparative study between the gender. The focus groups were later analyzed and compared to two selected groups of theories on public relations, the theories were positive and critical theories compound in two categories.

Violence against teachers in Swedish schools, according to recent reports has increased and there have been many studies to investigate the situation for teachers. The surveys show that teachers are especially vulnerable to students. This study aims to examine the relationship between a number of teachers and their students to study the power relations that exist in the classroom. This is to see what violence is an expression of and also how violence is perceived by the teachers. The issues that are central in this study are:What is the importance of dialogue in the relationship between these teachers and their students?Is there power relations between teachers and their students?What is the violence against teachers and expression of?Is there any connection between dialogue, power relations and violence?The theories of the materials in this study was analyzed using power relations theories of the historian of ideas Michel Foucault and Philosophy Doctor Anders Persson, who to some extent has his theoretical basis in Foucault?s power relations.

Investors? use borrowing as a way to profit from leverage advantages in their portfolios.When investors borrow with their securities as safety for the loan and the value of thesecurities decrease the investor can get a portfolio with more credit than what is covered bythe value of the securities and risk huge losses. To what extent an investor is allowed toborrow with his portfolio as safety depends on the bank or broker and varies between theproviders. By studying available material and in addition to that making an empirical study Iattempt to find out the reason for the varying degrees of leverage possibilities between thebrokers and how the degree of maximum borrowing on the securities are decided. Thefindings show that decision of leverage degree on a security is made after first making aquantitative analysis of the stocks volatility and liquidity and thereafter make a qualitativeanalysis of the company.