This essay is about the origin, planning and establishment of the European Space Research Organisation's (ESRO) sounding rocket base Esrange outside Kiruna in Northern Sweden. Three main questions are examined. First I show there were not just scientific and technical but also political, economical as well as military reasons to build a European rocket base. Second, I scrutinize the reasons to choose Northern Sweden as the location for the rocket base. As it turns out, the main reasons were the favourable location of Northern Sweden within the aurora oval zone, the proximity of the Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, and the possibility to use a large, although not quite uninhabited, area where the launched rockets could crash.

This qualitative study examines if an interest in soccer can give the same meaningfulexperiences in a person's life as a religion would. Five soccer fans were interviewedregarding the meanings and impact of soccer in their lives. Two theories in the fields ofsport and religion were used to analyze the data: Antonovsky's sense of coherence (SOC)with its components meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility and Heelasand Woodheads "life-as" and "the subjective-life? derived from the concept "thesubjective turn". It was concluded that the interest in soccer affected the respondents?views of life.The respondents? personal identities were strongly associated with groupmembership, meaning that their interest in common with others was perceived to makeeveryday life meaningful and manageable.

Inom sjukvården ställs sjuksköterskor inför situationer där vård i livets slutskede krävs. Som sjuksköterska är en av de svåraste uppgifterna i yrket att möta döende patienter och deras närstående. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka allmänsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede, utanför specialiserade palliativa vårdenheter som till exempel hospice. Resultatet delas in i sju kategorier: Sjuksköterskors känslor i mötet med palliativ vård, Tidsbrist och stress, Resurser för att hantera påfrestande situationer, Vikten av erfarenhet, Betydelsen av kommunikation, Anhörigas roll i vården samt Positiva erfarenheter av vård i livets slutskede som speglar sjuksköterskors upplevelser. Denna litteraturstudie visar att det är komplext att vårda patienter i livets slut men med stöd och erfarenhet kan de negativa upplevelserna vändas till en personlig utveckling i yrkesprofessionen för allmänsjuksköterskan..

Palliative care concerns care of those who are dying and when cure is no longer an option. The nurse´s job is then to support the patient and to give care of good qualitive so that the patient will experience optimal quality of life. The aim of this literature review was to describe how the nurse can prepare herself/himself for the meeting with both the patient and close ones also to describe a nurse´s need of support and education. Nine studies have been used as a foundation for this literature review. Four headlines have been crystallized out of the result, a) the view of death b) the impact of the meeting c) the importance of support d) the importance of preparation and education.

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är en global epidemi. Fetma kan orsakas av arv, miljö och beteendemässiga faktorer. Övervikt kanleda till flera följdsjukdomar. Viktminskning kan ge ökad livskvalité pch psykiskt välbefinnande. Ur ett hälsoekonomiskt perspektiv är det av vikt att det hälsofrämjande arbetet startar tidigt i barndomen.

Dark Tourism is a relatively new concept, but as a phenomenon it has existed for centuries in the form of pilgrimages and gladiator games. The term includes visits to places associated with death and disaster, and has in more recent years become a highlighted tourist niche. This paper addresses the phenomenon of Dark Tourism and the reasons behind a visit to such an attraction. To find out the motive behind people's visits, interviews were conducted with respondents who have previously visited one or more Dark Tourism sites. A total of 32 people were interviewed about what influenced them to go to such a macabre place.

Bull terrier hereditary nephritis is caused by a mutation that leads to an inadequate synthesis of collagen type IV, which is an important component in the basement membranes. The inheritance of the mutation is autosomal dominant in bull terriers and progression to renal failure takes variable time, from several months to ten years. Proteinuria is the first clinical sign of the disease and the diagnosis is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of renal tissue where typical ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), thickening and multilaminar splitting are found. This study was performed in order to find out the occurrence of hereditary nephritis in bull terriers in Sweden through examination of urine samples and renal tissue and comparisons with how the disease is described in the literature. Urine samples from 76 Swedish bull terriers were collected and examined for proteinuria.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic respiratory disease with an estimated incidence of 3-6 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in Sweden. There is no cure for the disease, which inevitably leads to death. A similar disease has been found among terrier dogs, with an especially high prevalence in the West Highland White Terrier (WHWT). Dogs with pulmonary fibrosis become lethargic with exercise intolerance, and in some cases they develop cough and respiratory distress. This thesis gives a brief review of the field of pulmonary fibrosis and presents a method for analyzing surfactant proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the dog.

 Background: Euthanasia means help to die. Some terminally ill patients wish for euthanasia. Purpose: Illuminating terminally ill patients' desire for voluntary euthanasia. Method: A general literature study. Seven articles were reviewed and analyzed.

Stroke is one of the most common diseases in Sweden and the third most common cause of death (National guidelines concerning stroke, 2000). Dysphagia is a common problem for stroke patients with almost 50 percent of patients suffering from severe swallowing dysfunction (Axelsson, Asplund, Norberg & Eriksson, 1989). The purpose of this study was to investigate how stroke patients with dysphagia experience their swallowing disorders. The method used was a qualitative literature study. An analysis of content was carried out using ideas and inspiration from Graneheim and Lundman (2003).

This Master thesis is about how to involve young people in a creative process. The aim is to see what methods can be applied to make them reach the kind of knowledge they need to be able to contribute to the creation of a memorial place. Issues such as if a place that displays death has a right to exist in an urban environment or why young people should be involved in the creative process are brought up and discussed in this thesis.The memorial place that the young people contribute to is unique, in some sense, due to it not commemorating any special event or person. The purpose of the memorial is rather to serve the public when larger catastrophes occur or to serve individuals who do not have a grave they can visit to commemorate their loved ones. The idea is to place the memorial in an urban setting in the city of Borås.In this thesis the process that the young people participate in is reported in a form similar to a diary where the reader can follow the developments of the young participants, from how they gain knowledge to how they develop their ideas.

The aim of this study was to determine the self-perceived learning needs in patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). CHD is the leading cause of death worldwide. Poor compliance is one of the causes of rehospitalisation. Patients suffering from CHD need education in order to manage their disease and prevent readmission to hospital. As hospital stays diminish the time available for patient education is limited.

Bakgrund: Att vara med om en oväntad död kan för närstående innebära en livskris och för en sjuksköterska kan mötet som uppstår i samband med detta vara svårt att hantera. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelser i mötet mellan närstående och sjuksköterska i samband med att en person oväntat har avlidit. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på kvalitativa artiklar har genomförts. Resultat: Resultatet innefattar närståendes upplevelser och under den kategorin ingår subkategorierna lång väntan och önskan om information samt vänlighet och trygghet och under kategorin sjuksköterskans upplevelser ingår följande subkategorier osäkerhet, rädsla och oro; behov av att få vara hos de närstående; otillräcklighet och ovisshet samt tidsbrist. Diskussion: Utebliven information skapar oro och osäkerhet hos närstående, brist på tid ökar känsla av stress hos sjuksköterskor och osäkerhet hos sjuksköterskor i mötet påverkar närståendes trygghet och tillit..

SammanfattningRubrikFrom Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex to Death, Disaster och Deprivation-etiska överväganden vid utformningen av marknadskommunikation för dark tourism företagProblemTurism är en marknad under kontant utveckling vilket leder till att nya nischer utvecklas inom branschen för att tillfredställa kunders ökade krav. En av dessa underkategorier är dark tourism. Denna företeelse grundar sig i ett intresse att besöka platser som varit med om katastrofer. Att kommersialisera och exploatera död är ett kontroversiellt område och av många anser att denna sorts turism är oetisk. Det gäller för företag som arbetar med dark tourism att utforma marknadskommunikation som inte uppfattas som felaktig i kunders ögon.

This essay attempts to examine whether it is possible to find a mutual understanding of the concept of drive between Spinoza?s philosophy and Freud?s psychoanalytical theory. Former texts on this subject have given a variety of conclusions: from a radical separation between the two authors to a complete identification between the two. The drive, or the desire which is the term Spinoza uses, has in Spinoza?s philosophy its foundation in the concept of conatus.