The Swedish National Rail Administration has changed in the past decade, from its origin after a less dramatic separation from the Swedish State Railways to becoming an authority with its own identity. Today the National Rail Administration is a large organisation with several different departments, each with its own unique function. To operate train services the railway needs to be ?in shape?, leading to a need for maintenance, reinvestments and new investments. For this purpose, the National Rail Administration carries out public procurement where contractors, who are able to perform maintenance and new construction, submit tenders.

Because society?s demand for quality, efficiency at low cost is constantly increasing, companies are increasingly choosing to invest new methods to achieve these points. Those who manage to find ways to improve their processes are often the companies that have the greatest chance of becoming a winning player in the market. BIM is a new method that can reduce the internal costs while increasing communications between different parties. However there is disagreement about what BIM is and its purpose.

Teknikens utveckling har gått fort fram de senaste åren, dagens smartphoneanvändare harmöjligheten att utföra ärenden som det för något år sedan krävdes en dator för. I denna studieutfördes en undersökning av mobila Internet-användares vanor och vad som är utmärkandeför mobilt internetanvändande. Tio respondenter förde loggbok där de fyllde i ett detaljeratschema för varje aktivitet, bl.a. var och vad de besökte. De tio respondenterna intervjuadessedan för att få ett djupare intryck av deras mobila internetavändande.Resultaten visar att den vanligaste platsen för surfning skedde i hemmet, respondenternatrodde dock att de skedde under transport.

Today we see a fast developing of the market for mobile communication, both in an increased and changed mobile use, but also in the development of new technologies and services. Much that can be performed on Internet/Intranet today with a PC will in some years also be possible to do with a mobile terminal. Mobile Internet will probable take place when new technologies as GPRS, EDGE and UMTS will be in use. These technologies in combination with the development of new terminals and services will bring new capabilities for both companies and private users. This report describes how a portal should be designed in order to meet the needs on the market.

The purpose of this thesis was to create a strategic/tactical road access plan. This was done by designing an analytical method which gives the road manager a template to create long-term road access plans. The analytical method will help to identify and appraise roads to be upgraded and give information when it is time for building new roads. The study method involved developing an analytical method. The method was comprised of five main parts: the harvest plan, analysis of the road network, transport costs, quality and storage costs and finally, identification of investment alternatives.

The securities market was to undergo a major change with the entry of MiFID I in November 2007. EU´s establishment if the directive sets high standards for investment firms to establish internal guidelines in accordance with MiFID I. As right now, the securities market is facing further change with the proposal for MiFID II.MiFID II seeks to overcome MiFID I´s shown deficiencies. The greatest need for change are the rules that secure investor protection, with specific focus on regulation on information service from investment firms to customers. This essay deals with the rules on information service enacted in MiFID I compared to the changes presented in MiFID II to investigate whether the changes could strengthen investor protection as desired.MiFID II is a more detailed framework than its precursor.

The valleys southwest of Storuman has been exploration targets for sulfide mineralizationslike the Laisvall Pb-Zn deposit since the late 1900 when several mineralized boulders wherefound. No previous glaciogeological survey has been made. This report focus on thedirections of local paleoiceflows and glacial transportation in the area of Skikkisjön, thelocation of the westernmost mineralized boulder, found in 2010. The aim of this study hasbeen to create a picture of the glaciogeological evolution of the area in order to determinatepossible hostrock areas. My results suggest that the geomorphology and transportationoccurred during a western icedivide located in the nearby mountainrange.

This paper is about the composition and function of boards of social enterprises. A social enterprise can be defined as a company, which is founded by users or external stakeholder in order to create jobs (or a work place), a meaning in live or to further integration. One tries to achieve this goal by a business activity and/or subsidies and/or neighbourhood projects. The amount of social enterprises grew steadily after the restructuring of social welfare in Sweden since the 1980. Alternative forms of welfare ? such as a social enterprise ? will probably grow further in importance.

In order to counteract and to discover unethical actions within an organisation, a growing number of Swedish companies implement a so-called whistleblowing system. The purpose of our essay is to study the mindset of companies and further analyse how this mindset affects the design and quality of companies' whistleblowing systems. To do this, we have used a qualitative approach by interviewing different Swedish companies about their mindsets and systems. The study determines that there seemingly are three different categories of systems of varying quality. In this study we have chosen to call them "internal system", "external system" and "combined system".

Informationsteknologins och revisionens utveckling bidrog till att det under 1980- och 1990-talen växte fram ett behov av att fastställa vad intern kontroll innebär. Internal Control ? Integrated Framework, lanserat år 1992 av The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, är det internationellt mest erkända ramverket för utformning av intern kontroll. Syftet med ramverket var att säkerställa en förbättrad bolagsstyrning efter de företagsskandaler och förtroendekriser som skakat företagsvärlden under de senaste decennierna. Svensk kod för bolagsstyrning kom i slutet av år 2004 och hade som syfte att ytterligare förbättra styrningen för svenska företag.

The Swedish bank Handelsbanken has, according to their own way of measuring, been more successful than a weighted average of their competitors during the last 38 years. They have also handled the recent financial crisis, as well as the one in the 1990´s, better than most other banks. This paper studies their management control system at branch level in order to identify the controls which have been enforced to ensure that a low risk level is retained in the lending. The controls that have been identified are; (1) A decentralized organization with the offices as profit centers where the manager has restrictions regarding risk level and the results are measured as K/I (cost/revenue). (2) The absence of bonuses and individual follow-up regarding performance measurement.

In the faster growing pace of changes and competition in the global economy, factors promoting group effectiveness are of interest. How do components of leadershipstyle, especially transformational, team climate and selfefficacy correlate? To answer this question 3 questionnaires regarding leadershipstyle (MLQ), team climate (TCI-Short) and selfefficacy (self developed) were distributed to employees of a Swedish installation company (108 participants). Moderate positive correlations were found between climate and selfefficacy and between varying elements of leadership and selfefficacy. The leadership behaviour Contingent Reward correlated moderately with all climate dimensions and strongly with selfefficay.

The European Union is struggling to maintain democracy and tries to increase the participation among the citizens in Europe. The European Citizens? Initiative, ECI, is a platform established by the European Commission to allow citizens to propose new legislation. ?Water and sanitation are a human right! Water is a public good, not a commodity!? is the first ECI that has met the requirements.

Syfte ? Studiens syfte är att öka kunskapen om hur fordonstillverkares affärsmodeller påverkas vid förändring av statliga regelverk genom att studera ett framtida införande av HCT i Sverige. HCT, High Capacity Transports, är ett samlingsnamn för lastbilar som är tyngre och/eller längre än vad gällande lagstiftning tillåter. Regelförändringen övervägs för att sänka kostnader och miljöpåverkan. Metod ? Arbetet har genomförts i form av en case-studie.

Detta examensarbete utgör resultatet av en studie på uppdrag av byggföretaget Peab och dess dotterbolag Skandinaviska Byggelement. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka transporternas påverkan till följd av en högre grad prefabricering vid byggnationer av flerfamiljshus. Med hjälp av kartläggning och data har en analys renderat i rekommendationer för företagen.Från Skandinaviska Byggelements fabrik i Katrineholm transporteras prefabricerade skalväggar till Peab och övriga kunder. Studien har därmed en helhetssyn från underleverantörer till kund för att försöka identifiera problem som stör transportflödet genom försörjningskedjan.Transporter till och från Skandinaviska Byggelement fungerar i nuläget tillfredsställande, med få praktiska problem och en tillfredsställande fyllnadsgrad. Transporterna är väl integrerade i Skandinaviska Byggelements strategi att hålla låga lagernivåer på ingående material.