This essay is about how islam is illustrated in textbooks of History in Sweden during 1980-s and first decade in 2000.  This study does not aim to give all answers about those tendencies, but it will lift up and discuss this issues.The essay has two questions to answers. They are:1-      How does textbooks from 1980-s and 2000-s illustrate Islam?2-      Do we see any tendencies of Orientalism in textbooks?The most focus in this study will be in first question, because this question is more open and need more empirical material to answer. The second question is more specific and has to do with first questions results. The first part of off essays investigation has to do with description of what textbooks writtes about Islam. After this I will compare and analyze what differences they are between textbooks from 1980-s and first decade of 2000-s.

The aim with the study is to find key factors relating to internal marketing and to improve the process between the operating organization and its customers. A qualitative study is carried out within an organization active in the Swedish healthcare. The qualitative approach is carried out by collecting empirical data through observations, personal interviews and group interviews.The Physiotherapy Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital is in the focus of the empirical study. The study locates existing differences in perceptions and comes up with recommendations for actions to improve the process of organisations within the Swedish healthcare and their customers. The study's results are that internal marketing can bring a lot to service-selling organizations and that the organizations internal conditions are as important as the external ones.Communication appears to be a key factor for an organization that has applied internal marketing.

This thesis discusses how companies work with internal marketing to increase personnel motivation and comfort, and how internal marketing and employee rewards are valued by companies? management. Issues addressed include: the link between employee satisfaction and the success of companies: how to work successfully with internal marketing: the value of different kinds of rewards for personnel: the importance of communication and information. By studying literature and theories about these issues and also interviewing personnel managers in two different companies we have learnt that companies use internal marketing with awareness and thought. We also learnt that company leaders value employee rewards very high, although there is a different in what sort of rewards they value the most..

This thesis was performed at Scania?s purchasing department of non-automotive products inSödertälje, Sweden during spring 2007. The management of the purchasing department ofnon-automotive products believe that their internal customers might not have fullunderstanding of what the purchasing department does. This is a problem because the internalcustomers might not use the contracts negotiated by the purchasing department or they mightnot involve the purchasing department when making purchases.The purpose of this thesis is to examine if and how the internal customers? perception deviatesfrom the purchasing department?s perception regarding the task of the purchasing department.And also to create a communication package with the purpose of increasing the internalcustomers understanding of what the purchasing department does.

The aim with the study is to find key factors relating to internal marketing and to improve the process between the operating organization and its customers. A qualitative study is carried out within an organization active in the Swedish healthcare. The qualitative approach is carried out by collecting empirical data through observations, personal interviews and group interviews.The Physiotherapy Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital is in the focus of the empirical study. The study locates existing differences in perceptions and comes up with recommendations for actions to improve the process of organisations within the Swedish healthcare and their customers. The study's results are that internal marketing can bring a lot to service-selling organizations and that the organizations internal conditions are as important as the external ones.Communication appears to be a key factor for an organization that has applied internal marketing.

Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med studien var att jämföra servemottagning, serve och anfallsspel i elitserievolleyboll för herrar på 1980-talet med säsongen 2004 - 2005. Frågeställningen i studien var hur passningsfördelning, poängfördelning och effektivitet vid anfall samt andel serveess och servemissar, skiljde sig åt mellan 1980-talet och 2004 ? 2005 års elitserievolleyboll för herrar.MetodStudien omfattar 14 volleybollmatcher varav sju från 1980-talet och sju från säsong 2004 ? 2005. Samtliga matcher har analyserats med hjälp av en videobandspelare. De inspelade matcherna har lånats från elitserieklubbar och privatpersoner.

Purpose: This paper aims to describe the socialization process that audit associates experience within an auditing firm that is included in the Big 4-sphere. Our purpose is also to describe which attributes that characterize the organizational identity, and how these attributes are reflected in the self-image of the associates. Furthermore, we seek to explain how the socialization process has influenced the organizational identification. This subject is of interest since the business of auditing is facing higher demands from regulators and politicians, due to the bankruptcy of HQ-bank among others during the financial crisis in the beginning of the 21st century. Earlier research claims that the socialization process of recruits, especially in the initial state of the employment, has a major impact on their future values and attitudes in their job performance.

The purpose of this essay is to examine which factors that influence the design of internal control in municipal context and how well it works. We choose seven municipals, where we interviewed the administrative managers, the chairmen of the committees and two persons of the staff in each activity unit. The interviews were performed by telephone, due to the keeping of the essay?s timeframe.The theory in our essay comprises eight hypotheses. These hypotheses were operationalised into different variables aiming to make statistical tests possible.

SammanfattningIntroduktionEtt antal skandaler hos företag som Enron och Parmalat har visat på ett behov av tydligare regler för revision. För EU men även internationellt är införandet av revisionsstandarder ett sätt att införa harmonisering och jämförbara regler inom revision. Resultatet har blivit att EU infört International Standards of Auditing (ISA) som gemensam grund. I Sverige har den anpassats och översatts men används under benämningen Revisionsstandard i Sverige, RS.Tidigare utfördes revision i Sverige under vad som då kallades revisionsprocessen.SyfteSyftet med studien är att visa vad införandet av RS inneburit och hur det påverkat revisorernas arbete, vilka skillnader det är mellan RS och RP. Den delstandard vi kommer att lägga mer fokus på är RS 570.MetodVi har utgått från att först studera gällande texter och regler, vad som fanns skrivet i RP och RS, samt debatter i branschtidningar.

We have performed a historical research, trying to establish the auditing conditions, in terms of adjustments over time. Our purpose with this essay was to demonstrate the facts behind the independence of the auditor, and hopefully give the reader some new information.Our questions at issue were: What in the debate, regarding the independence of the auditor, in concern of the scandals, is most relevant each decade?Witch aftermath has influenced the regulation regarding the independence of the auditor?What we thought was the best way to answer this question was to study a large amount of journals according to the current decade, since 1930 and forward. The journals presented different persons opinions regarding the scandals, and we used them as an instrument to analyse the regulations and after-effects of the scandals.Our conclusion is that in purpose to make the auditor independent, the debate among competent and well-informed people in the line of business has, through the decades, frequently recurred to strive towards a more homogenous auditing..

The definition of an expectation gap is, when the local municipal politician and the audited apprehensions and expectations gets apart about what auditors are going to work with and what they are going to accomplish.Svenska Kommunförbundet writes in their publication Fullmäktige och revisionen (2004) that the communication between the auditors and the audited is important so the final result becomes great. Apart from the communication, the recurring information about auditing is important to increase the knowledge and understanding. Are there expectations on what the auditors are going to review and discover among the audited, when there probably are expectations from the inhabitants on the auditing. This leads us to our purpose of our essay which is to investigate and describe if there exist an expectation gap between the auditors and the social welfare boards in the primary municipality. The method we used to collect our data was a guided telephone interview with 66 persons.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the internal information processing and management is carried out within a unit of Viskafors municipality. Furthermore, to explore and make recommendations of how the organisation can improve its internal information management. To get a full picture I have interviewed people at different levels of the organisation. The main findings showed that there was a dysfunction in the internal information processing and management. For example the study showed that the internal information did not reach out to the different parts of the organisation due to insufficient information processing.

The Swedish Code for Corporate Governance was introduced on July 1, 2005. All companies then listed at OM Stockholmsbörsen A-list and those on the O-list with a market value of more than three billion SKr must implement the rules in the Code. The Code includes rules for corporate governance as a complement to the legislation. The Code is based on the principle comply or explain. This means that the companies are aloud to diverge from the rules if they explain why.

Accounting is a well discussed topic, and an important tool that allows stakeholders and others to interact with the companies. To gain credible reports, the companies require maintenance, activities and monitoring. Wholesalers account for approximately 20% of Sweden's net and is increasing at a steady pace. Few studies on wholesalers are acquired and the internal control has shown to be important for the preparation of the financial statements.Therefore the study will be focusing on the smaller wholesaler?s internal control, all the way to the financial statements.

Aim/Objective: The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the early effects that could arise between entrepreneurs and lenders in connection with the auditing requirement, which has now been abolished. Through, empirical data identify the impact from the credit provider?s perspective and small business perspective and then make an overall assessment.Method:The authors are to achieve the purpose for this thesis through the use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data gathered through interviews and secondary data in the form of earlier thesis as well as articles.Result and conclusion: Banks have not prepared for the change in connection with the abolition of the audit requirement. Lenders look at repayment ability as the most important aspect of giving credit.