På bakgrunn av EUs biodrivstoffdirektiv kommer norske myndigheter til å fremme et krav om at en viss andel av oljeselskapenes omsetning kommer fra biodrivstoff. Oljeselskapene står nå fremfor en stor forandring med å måtte tilpasse seg et kommende krav fra norske myndigheter. Et krav innebærer at oljeselskapene må utarbeide strategier som tar hensyn til begrensninger gitt av myndighetene. I lys av kravet må oljeselskapene utforme strategier som muliggjør kortsiktig avkastning fra salg av biodrivstoff. Samtidig må de tenke på hva som kan bli fremtidens drivstoff og skape lønnsomhet på lang sikt.

The construction and use of buildings in the EU accounts for half of the EU?s extracted materials and energy consumptions, and a third of greenhouse gas emissions. In the past decade, the construction sector has responded to such concerns by focusing on post production energy efficiency. However, new findings indicate that upstream construction processes influence emissions significantly ? necessitating a shift in focus to include material choices and building processes.

Climate change and the sea level rise that it contributes to is an ever more pressing issue for costal municipalities around the world. Today there is a great deal of scientific reports and projections on what these changes could entail. However, resent studies on south Swedish costal municipalities have shown great discrepancies when it comes to how these scientific projections are implemented in the municipal planning and adaptation strategies. In an effort to understand the underlying reasons for this lack of concurrence, this paper has applied Rolf Lidskogs theory of the hetrogenity of science. The theory gives an explanation to the complications in the science-policy interface, by describing complicating factors in the communication between these actors.

Fighting against accidents with elderly involved have come to be one of the west world's greatest challenges together with the climate changes and epidemics, and in order to fight against these accidents SDF Centre, Gothenburg appointed a man to the post as a caretaker.The aim of this master thesis is to analyse whether the implementation process and the systematic work correspond with Vedungs implementation theory and also put forward arguments for and against a masculine entrance into promotion old-age care; if it strengthens or is a take-off from the classical sexual roles.The thesis main theory is Evert Vedungs theory of implementation, which is constituted of eight factors which facilitates an implementation process. In order to theorise the sexual roles I have appropriated a gender perspective, constituted of multiple researchers and authors.The conclusion I have received through the qualitative interviews carried out with actors involved in the implementation process, is that the security services implementation correspond well with Vedungs implementation theory, hence the implementation has proceeded efficiently. The classical sexual roles is on one hand strengthened through a masculine possession of the security service, and on the other hand can the masculine entrance in the old-age care entail that more men apply for promotion old-age care work..

Försvarsmakten genomför skarpa uppdrag på flera platser i världen, både i extrem kyla och hetta för att lyckas lösa påfrestande uppgifter krävs både kunskap och erfarenhet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om Militärhögskolan Karlberg bör utbilda sina kadetter i varmt klimat, så att de innehar kunskapen innan de kommer ut på sina förband. Syftet har brutits ned i följande frågeställningar. Huvudfrågeställning: Bör kadetter på militärhögskolan utbildas i varmt klimat?Delfrågor: Definiera vad varmt klimat är, Hur påverkar värmen människan och vilka risker finns? Vilka utbildningar bedriver Försvarsmakten idag över varmt klimat?Varför utbildar inte Militärhögskolan Karlberg sina kadetter i varmt klimat? Jag har använt mig av metoden induktion vilket innebär att jag gjort empiriska iakttagelser i form av intervjuer samt litteratursökning och sedan dragit slutsatser utifrån dessa.

Society has depended on fossil-based fuel for a long time, which has led to a fundamental increase of greenhouse gases in the Earth?s atmosphere. To tackle this problem the international community has agreed that action is necessary. Focus is now directed towards local extraction of energy from renewable sources such as biogas.Utö is participating in the Green Island project, which aims to investigate the possibility of making the island climate neutral. This report has been implemented on behalf of Skärgårdsstiftelsen, the main partner responsible for the Green Island project in Sweden.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning av goodwillposten som kan förklaras av innovationsförmågan i svenska börsnoterade företag.Inledning: Goodwill är en immateriell tillgång och uppstår i samband med företagsförvärv. På senare år har posten fått en stor betydelse och den ger även ett uttryck för framtida ekonomiska fördelar. Goodwill är svårdefinierat eftersom att posten exempelvis kan innehålla kundrelationer, varumärken, bra rykte etc. I dagsläget är innovation en viktig faktor för företag och har stor betydelse för ekonomisk tillväxt. Företagens innovationsförmåga borde därför ha en påverkan på goodwillpostens värde.Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ undersökning gjorts.

The need for a more efficient electrical grid has made the smart grid concept popular in recent years. The aims of this study are to identify the conditions in Sweden for implementing a smart grid and to analyse the opinions of stakeholders. One finding is that the large capacity of Sweden?s existing electrical grid decreases the immediate need for smart grid solutions. However, the rapid increase in wind power might push the development of a smart grid in the coming years.

Implementeringen av tablets ämnade för inspektioner inom drift och underhåll av vägar har studerats och utvärderats med målet att fördjupa kunskaperna inom drift- och underhållsbranschen och skapa effektivare arbetsmetoder som gynnar alla byggprocessens parter.  Examensarbetet är utfört hos Peab på deras anläggningskontor i Sundsvall och implementeringen har ägt rum på deras driftområde Sundsvall som består av cirka 122 mil statlig väg där Trafikverket är beställare. Genom litteraturstudier, tester av tableten och deltagande observationer så har tabletens användbarhet och utvecklingspotential analyserats och slutsatser har dragits för att ge Peab feedback på deras innovation med ett antal förbättringsförslag. Utvärderingen blev ej fullständig då Peab inte hann införa tabletsen inom vägdriften innan de 10 veckorna för examensarbetet var avslutade. Att använda tabletsen inom vägdriften kommer att effektivisera inspektionerna med dels digital dokumenthantering och det viktiga införande av GPS positionering  i de fordon som utför inspektionerna. Detta kommer bli mycket smidigare än den tidigare arbetsmetodiken där i stort sett alla processer innefattande mycket onödigt pappersarbete. Peab rekommenderas fortsätta att se utvecklingsmöjligheter med tabletsen inom andra områden av vägdriften samt fullfölja utvecklingen av tableten för att få en användbar produkt. .

The main aim of this essay was to find out what kind of advantages and/or disadvantages giving marks in pupils order and behaviour can cause for their development of knowledge and emotional and social skills. We let teachers answer a questionnaire about giving marks in pupils order and behaviour. We have also interviewed one person that was involved to prepare the latest curriculum in 1994, Lpo 94, and they decided that Swedish teachers do not have the right competence to judge ones order or behaviour. We have also looked at different theories about: mark as motivation, mark as information, mark as control, self-fulfilling prophecy, emotional disorders and gender, with whom we analyse the fact to give marks in order and behaviour.What we can establish is that giving marks in pupils order and behaviour seems to bring more disadvantages than advantages. Boys mature later than girls and have there for, in general, not as good behaviour as the girls have in the classroom.

The use of subscription services directed towards customers has become a common phenomenon in a vast number of different industries. We have noticed a clear trend of new businesses emerging solely offering subscriptions, and existing companies altering sales of their products to become parts of subscriptions. But research has not caught up with this trend yet, especially regarding why it occurs and how it affects existing businesses internally. The purpose of this study is to examine the driving forces for change and examine how existing businesses have to change parts of their business models to offer subscription services. The premise of this study has been Vargo & Luschs (2004) Service Dominant Logic with their foundational premises and Business Model Canvas by Osterwalder et.

Many of todays studies show that district heating is one of the betteralternatives as heating source because of its low environmental load.The energy source is often leftovers from other processes producing energy or waste, like garbage or chips.Electricity in combination with geothermal heating is another heating system that has increased sharply during the last years, and also this system decreases the discharges that have negative affectson the environment compared to several other heating methods.This report aims to, concentrated towards these two different heating systems, estimate the amounts of discharges they indirect cause and how the environment is affected.We have calculated the mean value for discharges of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and dust generated from electrical power used in Sweden.Through interviews and research we have gained data for the same substances that district heating based on combustion of garbage and biofuel generates.We have also in cooperation with a housing company chosen a building we see representative for many of the new single-family houses built in Sweden today.Based on its shape and appearance we theoretically created three alternatives of the same house, each of them with climate screens different from each other.Together with the amounts of discharged environmental affecting substances, these houses were the base for our calculations and studies when investigating the different heating sources environmental effect.The results have thereafter been analyzed and discussed from different angles..

Soybean meal from South America is the most common protein feed used for animal production in Sweden. Production of soybean has negative effects on the environment and the transports from South America to Sweden causes considerable CO2 emissions. Therefore it is a growing interest in locally produced protein feed in Sweden. Protein feeds that are possible to grow in Sweden are rapeseed, peas, faba beans and lupins. Those are adapted to the Nordic climate and are perfect to grow in cereal rotations.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to see if there is a connection between smolt length from Brattfors salmon cultivation and temperature. Climate changes are expected to give a higher temperature that could result in a longer growing season for the fish.Cultivated smolt is today bigger than it was before, it is also bigger than the wild salmon. The growth season of salmonids depend on the water temperature, salmonids need 6-80C to grow. Water temperature has been surveyd since the late 50´s in Brattfors. The result shows that it?s now considerable more days per year with higher temperature.

We investigated a retirement home, where we looked at whether there are differences, disagreements or conflicts between teams who work day and night shifts. Our purpose was to examine the Heads of Unit and the employees perspectives on their perceived work situation, cooperation difficulties and why they emerged. We chose the general systems theory as our theoretical basis, which gave us the opportunity to highlight different parts that can affect the working climate and the cooperation of the working groups. The study also highlights the importance of structure, common goals, reporting and dialogue meetings. To understand the perceived work situation, we used methodological triangulation, using quantitative and qualitative methods (surveys, semi-structured interviews).