Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende har tidigare uppfattats som ett tecken på allvarlig psykisk sjukdom och det ansågs enbart vara mycket förvirrade människor som skadade sig själva. Studier visar att självskadebeteende oftast är något människor begår i ensamhet och majoriteten väljer heller inte att uppsöka sjukvård. Kunskap om självskadebeteende och attityder till patienter som skadar sig kan bidra till en ökad förståelse hos sjuksköterskor för fenomenet. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder till patienter med självskadebeteende.Metod: Uppsatsen är baserad på en litteraturstudie där nio artiklar analyserats med vägledning av Fribergs kriterier för analys av vetenskapliga studier.Resultat: Resultatet presenteras utifrån fyra huvudteman med 16 tillhörande subteman. De fyra huvudtemana är; sjuksköterskors föreställningar, sjuksköterskors känslor, sjuksköterskors värderingar samt sjuksköterskors handlingar. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskors attityder till patienter med självskadebeteende är mångskiftande.Diskussion: Författarna skapade sex teman utifrån det i resultatet som kunde vara av intresse att lyfta fram.

Prisons are for many an unknown world, and few know about the prison culture which includes unwritten rules, power structures, interactions and relationships between inmates and correctional employees.While many think that Swedish prisons are too comfortable,inmates are facing extreme stress due to surveillance and detention, by depriving inmates their possibility to shape their own lives. When the inmates is deprived of control over their own life?s the penal system have great power to shape and to influence the inmates.The purpose of this paper is to investigate prisoners' experiences of treatment and exercise of power in prisons. Starting point is to examine what are the kinds of relationships between prison officers and inmates from a power perspective, if there is any difference between the closed and open prisons and how the inmates affected by the structures that exist.Based on my overall purpose, and with my informant´s stories which revealed a number of similar points, four main headings were developed; Mass media and society´s view, and unknown world, interaction between inmates and prison officers and consequences.Prison officers with the role as a contact persons as well and other staff which work close to the inmates play a significant role by supporting through motivational interviewing and can help the inmates to gain insight about their life situation and actions. My informant?s underlined that a good contact person can either help or discourage.Inmates who contributed with their experiences express that there is a big difference between open-and closed prisons.

This study deals with sustainability reporting in three governmental and three non-governmental Swedish companies in different industries. With increasing demands from the society regarding company?s CSR - Corporate social responsibility, the perspective of accounting gets broader and covers even non-financial information to meet not only the owners? demands but also others stakeholders' requirements. Sustainability has become an important tool for creating company?s business value and a positive sustainable external image.

Syftet med arbetet var att belysa omvårdnadspersonalens upplevelser av patienter med självskadande beteende samt vården av dem. Arbetet hade en beskrivande design, 21 sjuksköterskor och skötare/undersköterskor från somatisk och psykiatrisk akutmottagning deltog i arbetet. Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet redovisas i form av tre kategorier som bildades utifrån följande koder. Kategorin ?emotionella problem? bildades utifrån koderna frustration, irritation, sympati, manipulation, vanmakt över onåbara patienter, maktlöshet, oro och beskriver omvårdnadspersonalens upplevelser av patienter med självskadande beteende.

Records of P III fractures from 235 horses, 71 of them were standardbreds, treated at 3 major Swedish equine hospitals (Strömsholm, SLU and Mälaren hästklinik) between 1994 and 2004 were evaluated for information such as the patients age, sex, breed, type of fracture, affected leg, time and place of the injury, treatment and, if possible, result of treatment. For the standardbreds, result of treatment was also followed up through written correspondence with owners and by screening AB Trav och Galopp racing-results. Moreover, results of horses with type II and III-fractures treated with rest and therapeutic shooing only were compared to horses in which lag screw fixation were added to achieve interfragmental compression. Compared to the rest of the Swedish horse population, P III fractures were slightly more common among standardbred horses. The mean age of the affected standardbred was 5,8 years, compared to 7,9 years in the rest of the horse-population. Most horses injured themselves in the paddock.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever cirka 5000 personer med spinalskada. Där spinalskadan lett till nedsatt blåsfunktion är ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) den metod som rekommenderas i första hand.Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) upplever detta. Syftet var även att ta reda på vilka hanteringsstrategier som finns för att underlätta det dagliga livet.Metod: En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes där fem personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder RIK intervjuades.Resultat: Att behöva tillägna sig metoden väckte blandade känslor. Män upplevde det lättare att RIKa jämfört med kvinnor. Den egna kompetensen och kunnandet om metoden RIK ökade med tiden och de hittade nya hanteringsstrategier för att underlätta vardagen.

Endast ett fåtal personer drabbas varje år av en traumatisk ryggmärgsskada. Den akuta vården av dessa patienter utövas på endast sex sjukhus i Sverige. Vårdbehovet för personer med en ryggmärgskada är stort eftersom en traumatisk ryggmärgsskada medför såväl fysiska även som stora psykiska omställningar i livet. När dessa personer senare i livet behöver vård saknas kunskapen om dessa patienters specifika omvårdnadsbehov utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt hos allmänsjuksköterskor. Syftet med studien var att belysa patienters upplevelse av livskvalitet efter en traumatisk ryggmärsskada.

The Swedish social insurance agency provides financial support for families and children, but also for people with work injury, illness and at old age. During 2012 they saw the amount of notifications of insurance increasing in Sweden, which is a development that cost our society a great deal of money. With the aim to pursue a sustainable development I have therefore devoted this project to wellness and stress management within preschool.The employees of preschool are often dealing with a lot of stress, due to the big groups of children that causes high noise and sound levels. The high noise and sound levels is a contributor to stress which additionally can damage the health and cause impaired hearing loss. About half of the people around their forties until the age of retirement have difficulties understanding speech in large groups.The purpose of this project has been to investigate the causes of negative stress for my target group, women between 30-60 years old who works in preschool.

Aim: To investigate if physical exercise in combination with coaching will reduce pain and improve knee function in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis in the knee compared to physical exercise alone.Method: The study consisted of 42 patients who were randomized to either an intervention group or a control group. Both groups followed a standardized training program at home, but the intervention group received additional support with regard to the aim of their training, as well as extra coaching during the training period of ten weeks. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patients? pain. A 10 metre walking test, the Index of Muscle Function (IMF) and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were also used to evaluate knee function.

So- called ?Network Based Defense? (NBD) was introduced in Sweden in connection with the transformation of the Swedish Armed Forces in 1999. NBD is based on the U.S. variant Network Centric Warfare (NCW), which in turn is derived from research on the concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). In Sweden the concept was introduced and included not only the Armed Forces but was intended to also support the Swedish civilian agencies in order to create networks and hence share the available information and thus more effective crisis management and to provide more "bang for the buck." In developing the concept of NBD the Swedish Armed Forces used both economic and human resources, in the form of research, new technologies, new organization and new methods.Between year 2004 and 2006 the Armed Forces once again entered the process of reorganization.

To be able to move around without having to think about each movement is for most people amatter of course. Todays society contributes to a life at high speed where the sparetime is oftenspend doing somekind of sport, even extreme sports which earlier only a few people wheredoing. This leads to not only good health effects but also to more injuries. One of the mostcommon injuries is the knee injury.Capio Artro Clinic is a clinic specialized in sports medicine and particulary patients with injuriesin knee, shoulder, foot, hip or elbow. They perform a great part of all the crucial ligamentsurgeries in Sweden and has therefor also a lot of patients in need for rehabilitation of the knee.During the rehabilitation the load of the injuried knee is increased in steps.

During football games neuromuscular fatigue occuring following eccentric movements such as sprint, jump and run that occur during games. To avoid injury, overtraining and performance decreases, it is important to know when players are recovered. The aim of the pilotstudy was to investigate physiological changes that occur during football matches and if they affect the recovery pattern after several games in professional football players. The method was divided into two sub-studies in which 12 professional footballers, in substudy 1 performed counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) from 40 cm and fill out a recovery form for muscle soreness 36 hours before, 12-16 and 60-64 hours after 11 different competetive games. Blood samples were taken on the players in connection with one match to examine the activity of muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of the players.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection. The infection rates have increased in the last decade. During 2008 the trend rates declined in all counties and regions in Sweden. Chlamydia infections have a geographical spatial pattern differences. This is seen from the national surveillance data report from the Swedish Institute for infectious disease control (SMI).

Bakgrund: Fotboll är en sport som präglas av knäskador, muskelbristningar och stukningar. Mycket fokus ligger kring hur man på bästa sätt kan undvika och förebygga att ens främsta resurs, spelarna, undviker att bli skadade och på bästa sätt kan producera resultat för klubben de tillhör. Studier har visat på att skadeprevalens är något som ökar i och med en ökad träningsmängd och att många skador är en följd av både muskelsvaghet och fel sorts träning. Många av dessa undersökningar menar på att man i dagsläget tränar fel och att träningen mer måste fokuseras på de fysiska krav som ställs inom den idrott man utövar, i detta fall fotboll.Syfte: Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att se om det finns någon korrelation mellan typ av träning, träningsmängd och skadeprevalens inom herrfotboll.Metod: Studiens syfte har besvarats med hjälp av en strukturerad enkät som skickats ut via en web-länk till aktivt fotbollspelande män. Undersökningen har involverat 100 respondenter från olika divisioner.

From embankment dams is something that has long been noticed and given rise to different questions. The most serious question is if the sludge is a result of inner erosion through the dam, and thus consists of material transported from the dam. Concerns have also been raised whether the sludge could interfere with the systems drainage capacity and thereby lead to high pore pressure in the dam, or if the measurement of seepage is disturbed, as the measuring is usually made via Thomson weirs, which could risk being blocked. The result of this investigation shows that the sludge is a result of the oxidation of iron by iron bacteria, and to the greater part consists of these oxides as well as the bacteria?s own structures. The iron oxidizing bacteria, FeOB, oxides ferrous iron to ferric as a part of their metabolism, and thereby create large quantities of iron(oxy)hydroxides.