Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att, genom teoristudier, fokusgruppintervjuer och individuella intervjuer med kännare inom området, förstå hur och till vilken grad ungdomar som referensgrupp har inflytande på yngre medelålders- och medelålders människors konsumtionsmönster. Vidare har vi med vår efterforskning för avsikt, att utveckla marknadsförares förståelse kring ungdomsidealet i samhället och hur detta skall beaktas i marknadsföringsplaneringen. Metod: Vi har i vår uppsats genomfört en litteraturstudie, där teorier kring referensgrupper, self-concept, difusion av mode och innovationer samt köp- och beslutsprocessen behandlas. Vidare har empirisk information samlats in genom individuella intervjuer med representanter för näringslivet. Slutligen har 3 fokusgruppintervjuer genomförts.

The purpose of this study is to examine how adolescents can participate and have influence in the society, by making obstacles and opportunities that are considered central for their possibilities to power visible. National and international research indicates that adolescents opportunities to participation and influence are limited by the structures of society. A qualitative method was chosen, in which group interviews were made with 14 youths in development areas in Örebro. Theories are presented which constitute tools for analysis of the obtained results and has been chosen based on power- and participation perspective. An analytical model has been used to illuminate what kind of participation adolescents have in different parts of the society, where the concepts from the theoretical perspectives, power and participation are inserted.

The purpose of this study is to survey how the Sweden Democrats? success in the latest election to the Swedish parliament has changed teaching in social science. The main question is: in what way has the success of the Sweden Democrats influenced social science teaching? This leads to following sub-questions: 1) how do the social science teachers define the Sweden Democrats, 2) how do teachers relate to the Sweden Democrats in the classroom, 3) has there been a change in students? political opinions and 4) were there any discussions or proposals from the school administration which followed the parliamentary election of 2010? To answer these questions, interviews were made with four teachers. The main conclusion of this study is that the Sweden Democrats? success led to a simplification of teaching because phenomena and opinions that were previously taboo nowadays are normalized and thus have its place in the classroom.

The hypocrisy of democracy is to help autocratic rulers to stay in power because it benefits their own country. This thesis examines how the United States of America justified their cooperation with the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi during the period of 1953-1979, until he was overthrown by his own people. This case-study doesn´t make general conclusions about the US foreign policy towards other countries except Iran.The theoretical starting point for the empirical analysis is the political dilemma of dirty hands. With the analytical instrument, constructed with a normative analysis about the concept of dirty hands, it´s possible to discover which ethical discipline the American presidents had to uphold to justify their actions.There are three different aspects of their cooperation which are lifted in this thesis. The first one is about the circumstances that made them begin their cooperation, the second regards the features of the cooperation.

A co-operation is established when a group of people, sharing the same preferences and values, come together in order to satisfy a common need. The co-operative association should be democratic, governed and supervised by its members and open to everyone. The purpose of this article is to, from our ideal type, study similarities and differences regarding the corporate governance of the consumers? and the producers? co-operative movement. The motive behind our choice of alignment is that the mechanisms of corporate governance often are described from the perspective of the joint-stock company, making it valuable and interesting to study these mechanisms from the co-operative point of view.

It is said that libraries are the cornerstones of democracy.What is then the democratic mandate, and how is itperceived by the library staff? That's what I examine in thismaster's thesis. I?ve made 14 phone interviews with librarystaff, from assistants to managers, and examined what theirdaily work routine looks like and what they think belongs tothe democratic mandate. I found that all agree that there is ademocratic mandate, but it is not clearly stated in anydocument.I found seven areas that my respondents saw as part of themandate; availability, diversity, children and young people,equality, public education, free of law and cultural history.These are not sharply defined, but can often move into oneanother.

A trend since the early 90?s has been that some public libraries offer a special shelf containing environmental information to the community, but it seems as though the subject has been overlooked by the literature and the science community. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to study how three independent public libraries work with environmental information that is made available to the community. The following questions were addressed: 1) Which arguments can be found as to why the libraries offer this activity? 2) How does the environmental work at the public libraries look and what does it contain of? 3) Are there any similarities or differences in this work between the three libraries?To answer these questions interviews with librarians were carried out; observations were made to complement the interviews.

The aim of this master thesis was to examine the European Commission's information resources from a user perspective in order to clarify the needs and circumstances of the search of EU-information among students at Örebro University. 41 students participated in a survey, and four of them was interviewed. On the basis of Pendelton- and Chatmans theories of information behaviour in small worlds, it were assumed that the students' education and citizenship in the European Union affected their needs and the search of EU information.The study showed that the students needs for EU-related information has increased, with the current education, but also been linked to earlier educations. The students Citizens need were mainly associated with elections such as the EMU-election, but also in some cases to a need of the general knowledge.A review of the European Commission's information resources were made with an emphasis on European Documentation Centre, EDC. The survey showed that most students used the EDC and the EU-databases that was made available by the European Commission through the EDC and the university library but were not aware that they used EDC.The survey also showed that students made use of familiar sources and resources when they searched the EU-information, such as the library's regular database list, the library catalogue and search engine on the internet are not requested of other resources.

Cypernfrågan handlar om en etnisk konflikt mellan grek- och turkcyprioterna som uppstod direkt efter öns självständighet. Parterna hade väldigt svårt att samarbeta med varandra vilket ledde till att Cypern delades i två delar. Sedan dess har grupperna levt åtskilda med egna administrationer och strävan efter självbestämmande, den grekcypriotiska befolkningen strävade efter enosis, att hela ön införlivas med Grekland medan den turkcypriotiska befolkningen strävade efter taksim, att den norra delen av ön förenas med moderlandet Turkiet. FN har agerat som tredjepart för att försöka nå en fredslösning och lyckades lindra konflikten men många problem förblev olösta. I min uppsats har jag försökt komma fram till varför fredsförslaget Annanplanen, som upprättades av FN:s dåvarande generalsekreterare, blev avvisad av den grekcypriotiska befolkningen samt vad kan vara den största orsaken bakom den långvarige konflikten.

För att få en förståelse kring hur en individs förhållande till mat ger sig i uttryck samt hur dess bakgrund och nutida händelser påverkar valde vi att göra en kvalitativ undersökning. Undersökningen valdes att göra med betoning på upplevelser, därav valet av fenomenologi som ansats. Mat och ätande kan ses som problematiskt vilket medför att vår kvalitativa forskning syftar till att dels se till individernas unika berättelser och mångfalden av hur man uppfattar fenomenet och dels se till de gemensamma komponenter som utgör fenomenet utan att kritisera.Syftet var att undersöka och förstå det sociala fenomenet människans relation till mat genom livet. Syftet delades därefter upp i tre frågeställningar som sedan låg till grund för den semistrukturerade, öppna intervjuguide som utformades.Vår hypotes var att människor hela tiden förändrar sin verklighet och sina tankar kring mat. I resultatet såg vi att det var sociala faktorer som utvecklade och styrde individernas syn på fenomenet samt att stora händelser även kan förändra relationen till mat..

Detta är en kvalitativ och delvis kvantitativ studie med syftet att analysera konsumistiska tendenser i den amerikanska realityserien The Hills utifrån Zygmunt Baumans teorier om konsumtion och konsumism. Frågeställningen lyder: manifesteras en konsumistisk livsstil i The Hills och i så fall hur? Av de drygt 100 avsnitt som finns av The Hills valde vi 18 stycken, tre avsnitt per säsong, att analysera. Analysmetoden inspireras av bland annat Susanna Hornig Priests bok Doing media research: an introduction om kvalitativ innehållsanalys och vi har sedan använt oss av delar från de olika teoriavsnitten. I vår kvantitativa analys har vi använt oss av en tabell som visar hur många minuter och sekunder per avsnitt som spenderas i en viss miljö. I slutdiskussionen diskuterar vi fritt kring The Hills och hur konsumtion och konsumism yttrar sig i serien.

From a historical perspective, Sweden is a classic example of a social democratic state in view ofits early development of labor movements, democracy and focus on the welfare state. Today, as amember state of the EU, Sweden has however come to be influenced by America?s neoliberalpolities, where companies need to deliver more and better products/services while the consumerawareness and sensitivity has increased about company?s way to invest. Research shows thatScandinavian companies, primarily in Denmark and Sweden, has a leading position when it comesto responsible corporate behavior which has been the reason to our choice of studying howSwedish companies do to achieve success in CSR. To carry out this study, we have usedqualitative analysis, using semi-structures to interview companies in different industry sectors.

Since the end of the Cold War, foreign aid donors have been using political conditionality to promote human rights, democracy and good governance in recipient countries. This phenomenon has been analyzed and criticized, but mainly from a strictly empirical point of view. In this paper, the legitimacy of political conditionality is analyzed through a normative perspective based on the extrinsic value of efficiency. If the political conditions don?t result in a democratic development, including respect of human rights and good governance, they can not be justified.With at theoretical focus on the donors, based on the unequal relationship between donor and recipient, I am examining the donors? possibility and supposed will to use political conditions in development cooperation.

Denna uppsats handlar om hur artisterna Håkan Hellström och Ken Ring konstruerar diskurser kring maskuliniteten i sina musiktexter. Utifrån poststrukturalistiskt influerad teori kring feminism och maskulinitet görs en komparativ närläsning som bildar en tematiskt uppbyggd studie. Utifrån det för artisterna gemensamma temat utanförskap visar studien att utanförskapet hos Ken Ring är relaterat till en känsla av maktlöshet. Denna kompenserar Ken genom att konstruera maskulina diskurser med ett överdrivet anspråk på det som den europeiska kulturen förknippar med maskulinitet och genus. Detta kan kontrasteras mot Håkan Hellström som i sitt utanförskap konstruerar maskulina diskurser där ?omanlighet? och ett kärleks- och sexualitetsbegrepp där ?jaget? blir könsmässigt tvetydligt, står i fokus.

Denna studies syfte är att belysa hur kvinnligt och manligt framställs i nya bilderböcker som riktar sig till barn i förskoleåldern, om de förmedlar stereotypa genusmönster eller utmanar rådande ideal. Syftet är även att undersöka pedagogers i förskolans medvetenhet om genus och barnlitteratur. För att uppnå syftet har sex bilderböcker analyserats utifrån genusperspektiv, och intervjuer med sex förskollärare och lärare i förskolan har genomförts. I studien har det framkommit att de analyserade bilderböckerna både utmanar och befäster stereotypa könsmönster. Starka och aktiva tjejer finns det gott om, vilket även tidigare forskning styrker.