In this thesis I examine how the phenomenological philosophy of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger differ with regard to the phenomenological reduction, and in particular why there is no reduction in Sein und Zeit. I examine in what way philosophy is seen as an overcoming of the naïvete of a ?natural? attitude and how this natural attitude is understood, starting with Husserl?s descriptions of the phenomenological reduction, of the natural attitude of our daily lives and of his notion of transcendental subjectivity. By presenting these main aspects, I try to elucidate why, in Husserl?s view, laying the foundation of all knowledge must take form of a phenomenological first philosophy.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss relationality in G.W Leibnizs Monadologie (1714). In general terms this essay analyzes the notion of individuation in relation to the concept of monads. The analysis proposes a question regarding the body in this individuation, and what consequences follows for the understanding of the relation between the single individual and other individuals. It will be shown that the irreducibility of having a body transcendens something like ownness, subjectivity, personality and individuation, and this is explained through the pre-established harmony between the monads ? where the plurality of monads is detected before the monads singularity. To widen this investigation of relationality between the monads, I will turn to Edmund Husserls phenomenological operation for solving the egological problem of solipsism in Cartesian Meditations (1929). In his meditations, Husserl uses the monad as a self-conscious ego with peculiar ownness.

This thesis explores some key aspects of early Heidegger?s interpretations of Kant from a phenomenological perspective. In general terms, it analyzes Heidegger?s claim that Kant?s faculties share a common root in the transcendental imagination, as a critical development of motives found in Husserl?s phenomenology.More precisely, the thesis argues that the motive for deriving Kant?s first faculty, intuition, from the synthesis of imagination can be understood as an attempt to account for the receptivity of a finite subject, without yielding to a causal description of sensibility. Phenomenology shares this problem with Kant?s critical philosophy.

This thesis is basically an attempt to discuss the intrinsic intersubjective nature of the so-called ideal sciences, i.e. geometry or arithmetic. Based upon a thorough analysis of Husserls The Origin of Geometry and Derridas Edmund Husserl's Origin of Geometry: an Introduction this thesis takes geometry as an example of an ideal science. The main question of the thesis is how an ideal science or object is constituted. The thesis consist of two main chapters - ?Geometry and Historicity? and ?Language?- and a concluding discussion.

I Logische Untersuchungen formulerade Edmund Husserl sin fenomenologi ? ?en filosofi som sträng vetenskap?. Fenomenologin med dess metod, epochén, skall utövas under parollen ?Till sakerna själva!? Genom att ifrågasätta invanda tankesätt skall vi sätta världen inom parentes och därigenom nå objektiv kunskap.Denna uppsats behandlar intersubjektivitetsproblemet hos fenomenologin. Genom en studie av Husserls Cartesianische Meditationen, Martin Heideggers Sein und Zeit och Maurice Merleau-Pontys Phénoménologie de la perception närmar jag mig frågan om ?De andra hos Merleau-Ponty?.

The essay seeks to clarify some of the decisive but often obscured issues in the famous debate between Jacques Derrida and Jonn F. Searle. The debate commenced in 1977 with the publication in Glyph of Derrida?s lecture Signature Event Context from -71, followed by Searle?s Reiterating the Differences. A Reply to Derrida and subsequently Derrida?s reply Limited Inc a b c ? which encouraged Searle to renew his criticism.

Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i intervjuer med fem ungdomar som besöker en fritidsgård. Syftet är att få en uppfattning om vilka konsekvenser Jürgen Habermas teori om det kommunikativa handlandet kan ha för fritidsgårdens verksamhet i förhållande till fritidsledarens arbete som pedagog.Författaren har metodologiskt utgått från de intervjuer som analyserats med en meningskonstitutionsanalys. De teoretiska perspektiven som presenteras utgår från Jürgen Habermas och det kommunikativa handlandet, samt Edmund Husserl och fenomenologin. Ett viktigt teoretiskt begrepp som diskuteras är begreppet livsvärld som både Husserl och Habermas talar om.Resultatet som presenteras i uppsatsen har i diskussionen, först och främst, delats in i punkterna livsvärldsarenan, livsvärldspedagogen och livskunskapen. Resultaten synliggör fritidsgården som en livsvärldsarena, där lärande leder fram till vad författaren kallar livskunskap.

Religious phenomena, such as prayer, have more or less always interested and engaged people, but most likely for different purposes. Since the early 20th century, starting notably with Edmund Husserl and especially Martin Heidegger, phenomenologists have taken an interest in understanding and expounding the meaning of religious phenomena. The attention of such a discourse have not ceased but is rather current, and also of importance seeing that religious themes, such as prayer, still occupy a great extent of human life and practice.Phenomenology of religion is not a science of religion: the former approaches religion in terms of its meaningfulness, whereas the latter as an object of inquiry and in the same manner as an economist approaches economical indicators in order to understand and explain how the whole economy functions. In other words, phenomenology of religion expounds religion, as it were, from within, while science of religion does it from without or externally.When approaching prayer phenomenologically, it shows itself to be a process or structure through which the one praying empty himself in order to be able to receive the valuable presence of the other. The value that is received from the other will also be reflected by the one praying and in that sense effect his surroundings and fellow humans..

This essay examines the speaking subject in Katarina Frostenson?s poetry through a phenomenological perspective. The study is focused on how the subject appears, the relation between the subject?s inner world and the outside world, and the relation between the speaking subject and language. The purpose of the study is to expand the understanding of questions regarding the subject in Frostenson?s poetry by using a phenomenological approach ? a perspective that is missing in previous studies.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka verksamma sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av vård i livets slutskede i kommunalt särskilt boende. I föreliggande studie har en kvalitativ design med deskriptiv fenomenologisk ansats använts. Deltagare i studien var fyra strategiskt utvalda sjuksköterskor verksamma inom äldrevård vid särskilda boenden i ett litet samhälle i Sverige. Intervjun koncentrerade på händelseförlopp och struktur i det valda ämnet. Frågorna koncentrerades kring sjuksköterskans roll, patientens autonomi, symtomlindring, närståendes roll samt reflektioner kring förbättringsarbete.

This critical examination of the concept of cultural heritage is based on an overall phenomenological approach, with focus on Alfred Schütz?s further development of Edmund Husserl?s idea of the lifeworld. With strong emphasis on the subjective and intersubjective dimensions, the concept of cultural heritage is contextualized, analysed and criticized from different aspects for the purpose of enriching the discourse of cultural heritage.A literature based methodology is used, including a hermeneutic analysis of theoretical texts in the field of cultural heritage studies and the new Swedish Culture Environmental Law (?Kulturmiljölagen?) and related bills. Qualitative interviews deal with people?s notions about the concepts of culture, cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage.

Psykoprofylax betyder förebygga på latin. I detta sammanhang innebär det att förbereda sig fysiskt och psykiskt på den kommande förlossningen. Tidigare forskning i ämnet är begränsad. De studier som finns visar att andning och avslappning samt ändring av kroppsläge är tekniker som används mest frekvent under förlossning. Psykoprofylax användes mycket under 1970-80-talet för att sedan nästan helt försvinna från förlossningsvården men på senare tid har intresset för tekniken ökat och den har börjat användas igen.Annas profylax är en ny metod som bygger på fyra hörnstenar.