Among researchers it has been established since decades that humans and animals have an internal biological clock that controls certain physiological mechanisms. One example regarding humans is the impairment of lung function during the night, causing the phenomenon ?nocturnal asthma? among asthmatics. Only a few studies concerning respiratory circadian rhythm in horses have been done previously and they showed a daily variation in horses with a chronic or an acute respiratory disease. The technique used in those studies was the conventional technique, which is invasive and less sensitive than the technique used in this study.

Biofuels are getting more important as EU plans to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Because of that Sveaskog has chosen to invest in developing the handling process of logging residue. The company has a joined organisation for handling both round wood and logging residue. They are also working at integrating the forwarding of the logging residue with the rest of the harvesting team. Sveaskog is currently extracting 44 % of the available amount of logging residue.

In Sweden, harvesting pre-commercial thinning (PCT) stems for energy purposes is a interesting way of financing the high cost of preparing dense stands for a profitable first conventional thinning. This concept can be labelled bioenergy thinning. The aim of this study was to quantify the productivity of a Vimek 404R light harvester with an accumulating Naarva-Grip cutting head during the bioenergy thinning of a self-regenerated stand west of Sunnansjö in Dalarna. The stand was birch-dominated, contained 15 371 stems/ha, and measured on average 4,6 cm Dbh and 7 m tall. Even though the driver was well experienced with the machine, the stand in question was the first one that he ever thinned in this manner. Nevertheless, the driver strived to accumulate as many stems as possible during each crane cycle and chose to cut taller stems in half so as to make the handling and forwarding of the harvested stems easier.

Background: Quality of life is a concept of individual meaning which is perceived differently depending on the person experiencing it. To have a chronic disease in the lung, such as asthma, has an effect on the quality of life. Asthma affects people of all ages. It is a disease that causes a constriction in the patients? airways which leads to a feeling of suffocation which in turn produces a feeling of anxiety.Aim: The purpose is to illuminate which factors affect the quality of life in adult patients with asthma.Method: This is a literary review based on ten articles, both quantitative and qualitative, from four different continents.

Chronic illness is associated with conditions that may result in psychological ill-health in the adolescence. Consequently there is a need for development of preventive psychosocial support interventions for this target group. The objective was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of supportive intervention group program for teenagers suffering from chronic illness - aiming at increasing quality of life and supporting mental and physical health. Method: Six different intervention groups were conducted between 2007 and 2011, age 13?17.

Due to the requirement for reduced use of insecticides and the lack of competitive mechanical plant protection, you need a scarification with good result. This is often no problem to perform in normal terrain without technical barriers. However, in difficult terrain with large number of rocks and steep slopes, the result would be worse. The purpose of the study is, that in these areas with difficult terrain, to find out the scarified areas quality, describe the non-scarified areas conditions and find out where the limit is for the use of a traditional disc trencher. Findings indicate that there are usually not the machine that is the limit, but the driver of this.

It is important for today?s farmers to minimize the costs for crop establishment, because of decreased prices and support from the EU. Farmers, who plow in autumn on heavy clay soil, often do some kind of tillage in autumn to get better soil structure before spring seeding. This is especially important when growing small seed crop, e.g. sugar beet and oil plants.

Den latinamerikanska befrielseteologin är en kristen teologi som har sitt ursprung i slutet av 1960 och vill befria de fattiga och förtryckta människor i latinamerika. Denna rörelse uppstod på grund av sociola orättvisor, fattigdom och mänskliga rättigheter i utvecklingsländer i Sydamerika och har kritiserats av den romersk-katolska kyrkan.Därför, från ett pedagogiskt perspektiv, är det en intressant fråga om denna teologi är representerad i läroböcker i religionsämnet. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera om den latinamerikanska befrielseteologin är presenterad i läroböckerna.Denna forskning bygger på fem läroböcker som har granskats genom en textanalys och en enkel kvantitativ analys för att besvara studiens frågor.Resultatet visar att latinamerikanska befrielseteologin presenteras i de analyserade läroböckerna, men mämns inte vid namn i de två senast skrivna.   .

To maintain production in high salaries countries and strength in competition against other companies, it is today more important than ever to maximize production, offer a wide spectra of products and be able to deliver on the customers desire of shorter and shorter delivery time. Flexible production and short time spent on die changes is vital to achieve these desires. The interest for die changeover time reduction grew in the same pace as the demand for increased product variety grew. SMED as a method of reducing time spent on die changeovers were developed in between 1950-1970, by the Japanese Shigeo Shingo.The purpose of this thesis work has been to investigate the result of SMED in a die casting facility, and compare the result from it with the result considering time spent on die changeovers when investing in new equipment. The goal is to implement a thorough investigation by using the SMED method at Tenhults Pressgjuteri AB and make a brochure that have to be simple to understand, in purpose to draw interest to the advantages of using SMED as a method.Commissioned by the Swedish foundry association Swecast, the work has been carried out by studying die changeovers at Tenhults Pressgjuteri AB, where filming and interviews with the operators have been included in the analysis.

Like many small-time companies there is a need to improve the flow of materials at HSP-Gripen AB. The company develops and manufactures hydraulic-powered grapples for the machine- and forest industry. By mapping the material flow in the current production and gathering necessary data, suggestions on how different parts of the production could be controlled is presented in this dissertation. This has been achieved by the study of relevant scientific literature. The suggested ways of controlling the production consist of 2-bin systems, hybrid material flow system as well as a cyclic product-planning.

Bakgrund: Lungcancer är en sjukdom som har en dålig prognos och där ett stort antal människor insjuknar årligen. Det är en sjukdom som leder till många och svåra symtom vilket skapar stort lidande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med lungcancer i det dagliga livet. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats. Tolv vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades enligt en modell för en litteraturbaserad studie.

The purpose of this report is to investigate the business relationship between forest machine entrepreneurs and company officials within a timber area at one of the Swedish forest owner associations called Mellanskog. This report shows how these people work with their business relationships, what they believe are the keys getting a successful relationship and how they have got were there they are now. Key words: Business relationship, cooperation, team work, communication, negotiation, respect, commitment and trust..

This investigation?s task was to map manufacturing of special qualities at Stora Enso Packaging under a certain period, analyze if rules concerning special qualities is followed, which consequences this results in concerning use of paper, waste and costs and to give suggestions on alternative solutions. The goal was to give sugges-tions that help the company to reach its business ratio that the production de-partment uses within use of paper and productivity in the corrugated cardboard machine.Stora Enso Packaging is a part of the forest group Stora Enso and is one of Swe-den?s leading producers of corrugated cardboard. Stora Enso Packaging acts pri-mary on the Swedish market, where they have a market share of 25 %.To be able to analyze orders with special qualities we did a data collection during two months, where we mapped incoming orders.

Nowadays, cooperation is necessary and this study tries to illuminate the possibilities and problems about cooperation in fiction between 7 small/midsize farms in Skåne. Conventional Farming is done with grain and sugarbeets as specialization. Calculation of machine costs have been done and compared in the study, both for the farms in thorough and the fictitious operation companies. Business ratios as depreciation/ha, interest/ha and maintenance/ha have been calculated. In this essay we present a proposal about how a practical implementation can be done. In the proposal there is an example how the distribution of work can be done.

Background: Myocardial infarction is the most common individual disease among people in the west world. In Sweden there are over 50 000 women and men who get myocardial infarction every year and about 40 % of them dies. Exercise training is one part of cardiac rehabilitation and since 1980 Sweden use the guidelines from that time. Aim: The aim was to review exercise-training modalities in cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and the physiologic- and psychological effects. Method: Facts were obtained by searching through the database PubMed for articles published from 1994 and ten years forward.