AbstractC-level essay in political science, by Frida Orlinder, spring semester 2008Supervisor: Susan Marton?Good contracting? ? A study of contracting in public procurement regarding the transportation of school children?Over the last decades models influenced by the market have been gaining influence in public administration all over the world. New Public Management has been presented as a theoretical ?shopping basket? from which concepts can be applied to the administration of municipal services. The purpose of this essay is to investigate in an explorative way how New Public Management (NPM) views contracting and the role of the internal customer in contracting.

This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration.

Många företag som utvecklar en webb-applikation försäkrar regelbundet med olika testmetoder att de har en fungerande produkt. Ändå dröjer ofta leverans till kund och slutanvändare. Här beskrivs en lyckad implementation av hur leverans regelbundet kan ske till en molntjänst med ett så kallat blue green pattern som gör att applikationen kan uppdateras med minimal påverkan för slutanvändaren. Lösningen består i att webb-applikationenkan driftsättas i två olika miljöer och att användare alltid, via en html-sida som fungerar som en trafikriktare, skickas till den miljö som har den senaste versionen av applikationen. Genom ett script driftsätts den nya applikationen på den miljö som för tillfället inte har några besökare.

This is a 20 credit Master thesis within the landscape architecture education at the Institute for Landscape Planning at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences at Alnarp. Norränga is situated on the fringe of the city of Lund, east of the existing district of Linero.The city planning office of Lund municipality has come up with a ?in-depth comprehensive plan? for the exploatation of the eastern area of Lund. The plan concerns an area of 1035 square kilometre which contains at least 1500 nya buildings, two schools, primaryschools, stores and bus station for local bus traffic and the new bus line - Lundalänken. The townplan is inspired from the historical Square block city with defined street system. The municipality has visions of what the green areas should consist of.

The purpose of this study is to examine a brand?s green marketing and its consumers? perception of it in order to compare these views. The idea is to find a potential gap and what effect it may have on the brand. A case study has therefore been made with the grocery market brand Coop with focus on organic food. The material used consists of texts from Coop?s website to represent their brand.

The essay?s main focus has been to investigate and analyze the political actions behind the 2015?s grade compromise; an agreement to introduce grades from the fourth year in primary school. Through a game-theory analysis, mainly based in Leif Lewin?s and Jörgen Herman's research on rationality in politics, this study examined the grade debate  during a fifteen year period. The primary task has thereby been to explain the grade compromise through game-theory.

Bakgrund: Det har nu passerat 20 år sedan företag i allt större utsträckning började frångå synsättet på inköp som en renodlad stödfunktion av operativ karaktär. I en omgivning som ställer allt högre krav på korta ledtider, hög kvalitet och en hög grad av flexibilitet har synsättet på inköp och anskaffning av varor som en strategiskt viktig funktion och kostnadsdrivare fått stor utbredning inom de flesta branscher.I takt med att den teknologiska utvecklingen under de senaste två årtiondena har tillgängliggjort internetbaserade lösningar för att ta emot och lägga order och söka lämpliga leverantörer har intresset för e-procurement-system ökat allt mer. Även Sveriges offentliga organisationer har uppmärksammat de potentiella effekter som ett införande av ett dylikt system kan medföra. Forskningen på området är dock sparsam och den forskning som är tillgänglig berör främst privata företag i tillverkningsbranschen.Syfte: Att identifiera och beskriva effekterna av att implementera ett e-procurement-system i en offentlig organisation samt jämföra om dessa överensstämmer med de effekter som presenteras i forskning utförd på privata organisationer.Metod: I arbetet har en kvalitativ fallstudie av Växjö kommun genomförts. Empirisk data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med dels inköpare ute på Växjö 3kommuns enheter men också med en anställd centralt i kommunen som ansvarar för e-handeln.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the driving forces and barriers which may exist at the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) within public organizations. Suggestions that may increase or reduce driving forces and barriers to public activities will also be provided, where such is found. The background of the study is that the public sector is such a major customer for many companies / providers, which makes the sector able to highly affect its suppliers. This essay is based on literature studies. The results showed that GSCM is a relatively unexplored area, especially applied on the public sector.

In Dar es Salaam, as in many cities in developing countries, green areas are decreasing due to the fact that the growth of buildings, infrastructure and services has become a priority. As the population increases more buildings and infrastructure are needed and much of the building activity takes the form of uncontrolled settlements, which encroaches the public green space. Dar es Salaam has approximately three million inhabitants, of which about 70 percent are living in informal settlements. The aim with this study is to make a design proposal for a park and recreation area where the Msimbazi river basin in the centre of Dar es Salaam is today. The basin consist of a few playing fields, footpaths and some urban farming, but apart from this it mostly consists of unused grasslands, swamps and forests. Because it is an unsafe place and badly connected to the rest of the city infrastructure, it has become a barrier. The annual flood combined with the constant still shallow water creates a good breading ground for malaria mosquitoes.

 In the global society of today it takes more and more to become a successful purchaser. One part of this is to understand distinctions between different countries. The first and the biggest thing that you think about are the languages. Of course this is a big obstacle but there are also big cultural differences to be considered. According to Van Weele (2002) this is something that not, until these days, have been prioritized but today it is becoming more common in the industries.The biggest question we asked ourselves before the work started was how cultural and verbal differences affected the global procurement on Husqvarna.

The overall purpose with this thesis has been to study the strategic development of the Swedish Green Party, Miljöpartiet de Gröna. From its first appearance in the Swedish parliament 1988 to its decision to cooperate with the Social Democrats and the Left Party in 1998, the Greens has gone from a radical antiparty to a pragmatic support party. The analysis has concentrated towards identifying the causal factors behind this strategic move made by the Greens, and to determine how this party change has affected the party's strategic goals. In order to do so, a qualitative case study has been conducted where an integrated theoretical approach has been used. By studying official statements and internal debates the thesis concludes that the strategic change made by the Greens was due to the evolvement of a new dominant coalition of within the party.

Many organizations utilize decision support systems in order to handle different tasks and tosupport the decision-making process. Decision support system is a broad term used to referto several different types of systems. These types of systems can handle a wide range ofoperations within the organization. Consequently this will have an impact on differentoperations within the organization. The main aim of this study was to create a betterunderstanding regarding the impact of decision support systems on the various operationswithin the City Council's procurement units which in turn will increase effectiveness.

Friginor startades år 1984 och har idag 55 stycken anställda. Deras inriktning är installation av kyl- och frysanläggningar samt service. 2006 startade Friginor ett dotterbolag, Green and Cool, som monterar miljövänliga kylaggregat med koldioxid som köldmedium. Miljöfarliga köldmedier kan ha upp till 3800 gånger så stor miljöpåverkan jämfört med koldioxid. Idag sker monteringen av dessa kylaggregat i bristfälliga utrymmen.

Friginor startades år 1984 och har idag 55 stycken anställda. Deras inriktning är installation av kyl- och frysanläggningar samt service. 2006 startade Friginor ett dotterbolag, Green and Cool, som monterar miljövänliga kylaggregat med koldioxid som köldmedium. Miljöfarliga köldmedier kan ha upp till 3800 gånger så stor miljöpåverkan jämfört med koldioxid. Idag sker monteringen av dessa kylaggregat i bristfälliga utrymmen. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att ge Green and Cool olika förslag på lokalplanlösningar, ta fram vilken bemanning som krävs för framtida produktion samt titta på olika hjälpmedel för transport mellan monteringsstationerna.

Som en följd av Sveriges medlemskap i EU har offentliga upphandlingar kommit att få allt större betydelse eftersom de nu kan ske inom ett betydligt större geografiskt område än tidigare. En konsekvens av detta är att konkurrensen blivit allt hårdare och nya regler införs i takt med den snabba utvecklingen. Ett av resultaten av den hårda konkurrensen på upphandlingsmarknaden har visat sig vara att en del leverantörer lämnar anbud med onormalt låga priser för att vinna upphandlingskontraktet. Förekomsten av onormalt låga anbud i offentliga upphandlingar medför allvarliga negativa konsekvenser såsom att konkurrensen snedvrids, effektiviteten minskar och kostnaderna ökar. Detta påverkar både den upphandlande enheten, leverantören som bjudit onormalt lågt, de leverantörer som slagits ut samt konsumenterna.