Large areas of Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) were planted in the 1970s - and '80s. The purpose of the fast-growing species was to increase growth and with short rotation periods allow a rapidly increased harvest level. Today a large proportion of the young forests owned by Holmen Skog, Iggesund are covered by Lodgepole pine and an active forest management is required to spread the harvested volume over time which is desirable by a market perspective. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the possibility of spreading the harvested volume of Lodgepole pine over time.

This master?s thesis is a remote sensing study of an area-based method used to detect forest in need of thinning by use of laser data and field samples. Only pine-dominated forest has been included in the study and height limits were set to match empirical restrictions. The study area was in the municipality of Älvsbyn (Latitude 65° 40´ N, Longitude 21° 00´ E), in northern Sweden.The Swedish authority Lantmäteriet is currently laser scanning most parts of Sweden, providing new opportunities and applications. The primary aim of the national laser scanning is to create a new elevation model, useful in consequence analysis of climate changes.

Today Holmen Skog finds and selects suitable thinning stands using data on upper height and basal area. These figures are often based on basic forest data that has been updated with the help of growth prediction models. The problem is that these figures are not always correct. The aim of this study was to investigate if a combination of data from a profiling laser and a digital camera for low elevation photography, can be used for collecting data on number of stems per ha, tree species mixture as well as basal area weighted mean height and upper height for stands. The possibility to use these data to assess the need for thinning cutting was also investigated.Laser data and aerial photographs were collected from a helicopter operating at an approximate height of 100 meters.

id förvärvande av ett nytt informationssystem blir det allt vanligare att man väljer ett standardsystem före ett egenutvecklat system. Med denna undersökning vill jag belysa hur en kravspecifikation bör utformas samt hur utvärdering av olika standardsystemalternativ mot denna kravspecifikation bör utföras.Undersökningen har utförts i form av en litteraturstudie där tre olika källor har ingått. Syftet är att belysa likheter samt skillnader hos källorna som ingår i undersökningen med avseende på ovanstående problem. Detta har resulterat i att jag har tagit upp de mest framträdande likheterna och skillnaderna mellan de olika källorna med avseende på de problem jag har undersökt.När det gäller utformning av kravspecifikation är den mest framträdande likheten att samtliga källor påpekar vikten av att urskilja de krav som är absolut nödvändigt att systemet klarar bland samtliga krav. Det gör att arbetet med utvärderingen av de olika standardsystemalternativen underlättas.

Today, a large proportion of wood supplied for the Swedish forest industry is bought from private forest owners while forest companies at the same time provide the forest owners with services such as logging services and transportation. Today, forest companies work extensively with keeping the time used for transport and logging short. But what does the private forest owners think about the time required for the timber deal, also called lead time, and the different parts of the timber deal. In this thesis, the forest owners? perception of the different lead times in their contracts with Stora Enso and their communication with the purchasers is examined.

Sedan vattendirektivet antogs av Europaparlamentet i början av 2000-talet har det blivit allt större fokus på vattenhänsynen i samhället. Även inom skogsbruket eftersom ca 56000 mil vattendrag rinner genom svensk skogsmark. Detta kräver stor hänsyn och god planering. När skogsvårdsåtgärder sker i närheten av vattendrag ska normalt en skyddszon lämnas kring vattendraget. Dels hindras maskinerna från att köra för nära vattendraget och dels ger skyddszonen vattendraget skugga.

A high quality is highly requested in today?s thinnings, since these are the base for continued value development of the forests. Thinning quality often means a minimization of damages on soil, stems and roots during the cutting. One way to reach a high quality is to set up goals that will be followed up after the cutting is made. Self-checking gives information of the machine drivers work and guarantees the customers a good quality of work.

In Korsnäs district Dala Väst there were problems with information concerning their younger forests, mainly those in pre-thinning stage. They were divided into large, heterogeneous stands with often poor stand data quality. In 2006 an aerial photo interpretation of the young forests was conducted to fix these problems. Necessary information to get from the interpretation were silvicultural management suggestions, new stand delineation and new stand data. This thesis is supposed to evaluate the quality and usability of the interpreted data. To evaluate the interpretation an objective control inventory was conducted in 60 stands, either through callipering or counting stems.

Skotningskostnaden utgör ca 10 % av skogsindustrins totala råvarukostnad. Medelskotningsavståndet har stark inverkan på skotningskostnaden. Detta medför att skotningsavståndet är viktigt att skatta rätt, för bra planering och korrekta kostnadskalkyler. Vid Gallring och föryngringsavverkning skattas terrängtransportavståndet subjektivt av SCA:s planerare. Körning under pålastning och lossning räknas inte in i det skattade avståndet, utan sträckan avser den bästa verkliga körsträckan från virkets tyngdpunkt på trakten till avläggets tyngdpunkt.

Fjärrvärme är idag den vanligaste uppvärmningsformen för flerbostadshus i Sverige, med en täckningsgrad uppemot 90 %. Länge har fjärrvärme varit det billigaste uppvärmningsalternativet för fastigheter i tätorter, men har på senare tid fått konkurrens av bland annat billiga och effektiva värmepumpar. För att behålla sina fjärrvärmekunder ställs det krav på leverantören att jobba mer kundorienterat genom att bland annat analysera kunders värmeanvändning samt värmebehov. Ett sätt att göra detta är att få fram kundens specifika värmeanvändning uttryck i kWh/m2.Rapporten presenterar en metod för att få fram den specifika värmeanvändningen för flerbostadshus bland Öresundskrafts fjärrvärmekunder i Helsingborg och Ängelholm. Metoden utgår ifrån Metrias fastighetsregister för sammanställning av ytorna för Öresundskrafts fjärrvärmekunder.

Since the end of the eighteenth century forest damage caused by the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina has been observed and documented. During the latest epidemic in Sweden more than 480 000 hectares forest land have been injured and this has lead to considerable economic losses. For the pathogen to succeed with infection, spore dispersal and colonization the right environmental conditions is required. The aim of this paper is to describe the diseased stands using site and stand characteristics and to evaluate the effect of these variables on the disease incidence. Further, the thinning performed during the time for spore dispersal and its relationship to injured stands is examined.

Idag är många skogsägare i Sverige beroende av olika aktörer för att sköta och avverka sin skog. Dessa aktörer är ofta samma företag som de säljer sitt virke till. Skogspartner AB (vidare SP) är ett litet företag som vill positionera sig inom marknaden för skogsbruksplanering, som ett företag som erbjuder oberoende rådgivning och tjänster.Syftet med denna studie är att bedöma den framtida möjligheten att positionera SP som ett oberoende företag genom att undersöka marknadspotentialen för oberoende skogsbruksplaner. Marknaden för skogsbruksplaner består främst av skogsföretag som erbjuder planer som en del av en helhetsservice. Dessa företag lägger sedan ut planeringen åt underleverantörer.

Sweden has today the highest moose (Alces alces) population in the world. The population has been very high since the late seventies and in the beginning of the eighties there was a big ?moose explosion?. The main food source for moose during the winter is young pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula spp.). The high moose population has therefore lead to high damage on pine forests over big areas.

Wind damages next to strip roads in 1st and 2nd thinning in Boxholm, Östergötland Anneli Fransson, SLU, inst f sydsvensk skogsvetenskap, Examensarbete no 108 Wind damage is something we are all familiar with since the storms Gudrun (2005) and Per (2007). Research about strip roads and wind damage is very limited. It is commonly known that the trees next to the strip roads more often fall whit heavy winds, and the purpose of this thesis was to verify this statement. Data was collected from first- and second thinnings at Boxholms Skogar AB, Östergötland. In first thinnings data was collected from both spruce and pine stands and second thinnings only data from spruce stands was collected.

Overdue cleanings have for a long time been an important topic of discussion within the forestry sector. When stands that have not been pre-commercially thinned are reaching the level of commercial thinning, many problems occur in terms of decision-making and economical outcomes. These types of stands are commonly known as conflict-stands. The work was carried out partly as an interview survey towards representatives from the forest sector and the energy sector, partly as a case study of conflict-stands situated in Böksholm, north of Växjö and in Tönnersjö east of Halmstad. The criteria for the studied stands were that they had to be dominated by Norway spruce and be in a severe status of ?conflict?. The aim of the interview was to get an overview of the situation today, and also analyse trends in terms of conflict stands.