Placentan (livmoderkakan) är ett metaboliskt viktigt organ och under opiat och kokain missbruk påverkas placentan negativt och det påverkar fostrets normala utveckling. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att ta reda på hur placenta och foster påverkades av opiater och kokain samt om det fanns någon specifik behandling för foster och barn före respektive efter förlossningen. Nio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades enligt SBU:s analysmodell. Resultaten visade att acetylkolinfrisättningen och den viktiga aminosyratransporten till fostrets blodomlopp hämmades vid opiat och kokain missbruk. Detta resulterar i tillväxthämning hos fostret som ger lägre födelsevikt, mindre huvudomfång, kortare barn samt att de föds med neonatal abstinens symtom (NAS) i varierande styrka.

The purpose of my study is to examine if the total study results differ between music classes and regular classes. Are there higher grades in music classes? If so, what are the causes for this? I chose to make an inquiry at two schools in different town districts, with music classes. At those schools I also collected data of pupils grades, and was informed by the principals and the music teachers about the activities. The number of respondents were ninety.The inquiry showed that the grades were markedly better in music classes, and that you can see great differences in well-being, parental engagement and ambition level, compared to regular classes.

The main purpose of this study is to find out what kind of help social service in one selected municipality in Sweden can provide for children who have witnessed or been victims of domestic violence. Using focus group interview this study investigate how the social workers meet the needs of these children. The bases for our analysis are the Organization Theory and the Attachment Theory, as well as previous research. Important results are that the social services are dependent on notifications in order to do their work and that the most common interventions are foster care, emergency foster care and/or family therapy. The difficulties that social workers perceive their work are unjustified families and heavy workloads.

This study examines what effect swimming has on the rehabilitation, compared with only resting after a cranial cruciate ligament surgery. It consists of a literature study, an inquiry study and a visit to a rehabilitation centre. The inquiry study shows that ten weeks after a cranial cruciate ligament repair, the lameness has disappeared in a greater number of dogs among those that undergo swimming as physiotherapy compared with those that do not swim. Literature shows that swimming has a positive effect on the result after surgery. The thigh circumference increases faster, the limb function improves more and the range of motion gets larger. Dogs should therefore be recommended swimming as rehabilitation after surgery for a rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament..

Studien gjordes i syfte att undersöka hur familjehemsföräldrar kan uppleva att deras uppdrag som familjehem påverkar dem själva, deras biologiska barn och deras relationer. Fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med två grupper innehållande fem familjehemsföräldrar i varje grupp. Fokusgrupperna bestod av fem kvinnor och fem män emellan 33 och 61 år. En intervjuguide och en mindre enkät skapades och användes under intervjuerna som spelades in på ljudfiler. Databearbetningen bestod av en fenomenologisk, hermeneutisk analysmetod.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur familjehemsfo?ra?ldrar upplever att deras anknytning samt föräldraroll påverkas utifrån att barnen är familjehemsplacerade. Metoden som användes i studien var kvalitativ och elva familjehemsföräldrar från åtta familjehem intervjuades. Studiens empiri analyserades med hjälp av anknytningsteori samt systemteori. Resultatet visade att samtliga intervjuade familjehem i någon mån påverkades av komplexiteten i familjehemsuppdraget, vilket påverkade deras föräldraroll och anknytning till de placerade barnen.

Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs.

This paper is an inquiry that is trying to establish four young musicians' views of art and music.To define the boundaries of music and art and explore the possible similarities. The musicians were confronted with an artwork by Marcel Duchamp and a composition by John Cage, and have recieved a questionnaire where they were asked to express their views. They were also asked to point out qualities that define music and art and their boundaries. Follow up questions then try to futher clearify their definitions. The findings show that the group has a similar point of view where emotion and feeling rule over intellectualisation in relation to the creation of art..

The purpose of this essay was to inquire how workplace conflicts are managed at a number of public social services offices in south-western Skåne. This essay's main research questions were: What organizational factors determine how conflicts arise and are managed in a work environment? To what extent are such factors prevalent at the above-mentioned social services offices? Are certain conflicts typically prevalent in the public social services? If so, what are they? How does the workplace in question manage the conflicts that arise? The inquiry was conducted among the staff of three public social services offices, applying the vignette method. According to previous research, certain system conflicts are typically prevalent in public sector organizations, which adversely affect the work conditions of social workers at the organization's professional level. Two examples each of this conflict type and of interpersonal conflict were included in the inquiry.

The purpose of this study is to make a qualitative evaluation of the MTFC-program (Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care) on the basis of six youth´s experiences of the program. The study will investigate what the youth experienced as positive and negative about the program as well as finding out what has helped them or inhibited them from the aim of getting out of their criminal lifestyle. A secondary purpose of this study is to make the youth´s voices heard in the research world. The research question is: Which factors in the MTFC-program have helped or inhibited the youth towards the aim of getting out of their criminal lifestyle? For this purpose, a qualitative research method has been used where semistructured interviews have been performed on six youth who have gone through the MTFC-program.

The purpose was to examine how the pre-schools used the public libraries in two Swedishtowns. We also examined if and how the pre-schools and the public libraries were coopera­ting.Literature showed that it is possible to stimulate children's language development and this is a duty for pre-schools and public libraries. We sent an inquiry to all pre-schools divisions in both towns. We interviewed two librarians. Our results showed that the pre-schools did use the libraries to a great extent but they didn't cooperate with the libraries in the sense that they had elaborated agreements.

Syftet med vår studie var att få en inblick i hur familjehemsföräldrar ser på sitt uppdrag utifrån följande frågeställningar:Vilka motiv och förväntningar finns till att vilja bli familjehem?Hur har uppdraget som familjehem påverkat relationerna i familjen?Har familjehemmen avlastning eller behov av det?Vilken syn har familjehemmen på handledning?Hur resonerar familjehemmen kring den ekonomiska ersättningen?Studien genomfördes med utgångspunkt i kvalitativa intervjuer, där vi tillsammans intervjuade 9 olika familjehem knutna till Kristianstads kommun. I 7 av intervjuerna medverkade båda familjehemsföräldrarna, i 2 intervjuer medverkade den ena familjehemsföräldern; sammanlagt 16 respondenter.Intervjuerna transkriberades, analyserades och presenterades sedan på två olika sätt. Utifrån meningskategorisering presenterades resultatet dels i idealtyper samt tematiskt utifrån citat.Familjehemsföräldrarna i vår studie har en samsyn som par i hur de ser på sitt uppdrag, och att de arbetar väl tillsammans. I vår studie fann vi 5 olika idealtyper, som illustrerar hur de ser på olika frågor.

The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives.

The purpose of this literature review was to investigate how the rearing systems influence the behaviour of dairy calves. Calves are social animals that form groups within the herd where play and social licking between calves are important social activities. Suckling is a complex behaviour and essential for the calf's survival. In the modern rearing systems the calf is usually separated from its mother soon after birth. Calves are then kept in individual pens, group pens or, more rarely, with a foster cow.

When a leader changes to a new post in another kind of organisational culture, what happens then? Could a leader use the same kind of leadership when leading different kinds of groups? Different cultures have different needs and ways to handle things and in the end it all comes to situational leadership. Both leaders and theorists claim that the leader must adjust to what the organisation and its members needs. This paper contains an inquiry of how officers have handled their new assignments as leaders in the civilian world of the municipality. The research shows that a former military leader must also be able to lead another kind of group if they change to a civilian career.