Swedish preschools have a variety of children of different ethnic origins. The intention of this thesis is twofold; firstly to deeply examine how preschool teachers work with languages and secondly how to integrate the Swedish language with other native languages in practice. Hence, the aim is to get a deeper understanding and knowledge about how to integrate multilingual children that have other languages than Swedish as their mother tongue. The data collection for this dissertation is based on observations and interviews with three preschool teachers and child minders. The theoretical background is taken from literature which describes the social cultural perspective.

The National Property Board (SFV) has been appointed by the Swedish government to administer all property of cultural value owned by the Swedes collectively. The commission includes maintaining the soul and character of each individual building, to adapt these buildings to present needs and requirements, and furthermore making them available to the public. The return on equity demanded by the government is based on the CAPM used within the real estate industry. The theoretical assumption that organizations are either function-driven or pay-driven will serve as a starting point, after which SFV will be defined as a function-driven organization with a pay-formed management control system. This paper aims to examine how applying a pay-formed management control system will affect a function-driven organization.

Hylocomium splendens (Glittering wood-moss) is a common species in the Nordic countries and can be found in many different types of boreal forests. It usually forms dense moss carpets on the forest floor. The shoots grow in segments and new segments form annually on the previous years growth. The size of the segments is probably regulated in a high extent by local micro environmental conditions. Previous experiments suggest increased growth of H.

Uppsatsen beskriver arbetet och undersökning för hur deduplicering i filsystemet ZFS påverkar effektförbrukningen. En större mängd redundant data förekommer i centraliserade lagringssystem som förser virtualiserade servrar med lagringsutrymme. Deduplicering kan för den typen av lagringsmiljö eliminera redundant data och ger en stor besparing av lagringsutrymme. Frågan som undersökningen avsåg att besvara var hur ett lagringssystem påverkas av det extra arbete som det innebär att deduplicera data i realtid.Metoden för att undersöka problemet var att utföra fem experiment med olika typer av scenarion. Varje scenario innebar att filer kopierades till ett lagringssystem med eller utan deduplicering för att senare kunna analysera skillnaden.

The world is getting smaller. Global markets, political processes and communication technology bring people together. Even though many of these processes are dynamic and constructive, they have also resulted in a need for better and more effective ways of international conflict resolution. This thesis investigates central issues connected to the concept of humanitarian interventions in relation to current and future legislation of the European Union. The overall question is whether the rapid globalization process has resulted in a change of international law towards more liberal view where authorization of the security council is not always needed? And, if there has actually been such a liberalization, how does that affect the legal possibilities for the European Union to carry out armed operations without the consent of the global community? The conclusion of the thesis is that international law has been modified mainly in two aspects: First, the concept of sovereignty is no longer seen merely as a right of the nation, but also as a responsibility.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka behovet av indirekt eld och Close Air Support i militäraoperationer i bergsterräng och belysa vilka aspekter som påverkar nyttjandet av försvarsmaktensenheter och verkanssystem vid insatser i bergsmiljö. För att svara på syftet med uppsatsen har följande studiefråga ställts: Hur använde USA den grundläggande förmågan verkan för att påverka motståndaren under Operation Anaconda? Fallstudie och textanalys har använts som vetenskaplig metod och teknik för denna uppsats. Inledningsvis studerades texter om operation Anaconda och hur operationen genomfördes. Därefter studerades svenska doktriner och reglementen avseende teorier om grundläggande förmågor och hur verkan uppnås i striden.

Our purpose was to research the new reform amendment" Lag om etableringsinsatser för vissa nyanlända invandrare", and whether the establishment of the reform is good and if it was a necessary amendment. For that reason, we have chosen to answer our purpose in these issues with this question formulation; how can the change of the law establishing operations influence the newcomers in the labour market, the problems the law intends to address, how the new change in the law is different from when the municipality "kommun" was responsible, and how the law can be discussed based on theories of social capital and weak ties. The method used in this study is from a adductive approach where the research is based on both empirical evidence and existing theory that interact between these two. The results that emerged in our work was that the newcomers within the labour market has been remote, the way the municipality?s addressed the problem did not work and the result of this was a new reform amendment, where a new participant established.

I Sverige finns det ett stort antal skogsfastigheter som årligen ska genomgå generationsskifte, det vill säga överlåtas inom familjen. Vid ett generationsskifte uppstår vanligen problem av ekonomisk karaktär, där både överlåtare och mottagare av skogsfastigheten är intresserade av att minimera skattekostnaden, vid tidpunkten för överlåtelsen. Dock är det viktigt att även ta hänsyn till den framtida ekonomiska situationen för både överlåtare, mottagare och eventuella syskon. Syftet med denna studie är utreda vilka för- och nackdelar som finns med olika överlåtelseformer vid generationsskiften av olika typer av skogsfastigheter. Målet med studien är att finna ett bidrag till rådgivningsunderlag som fungerar för skogsfastigheter med olika familjesituationer och ekonomiska förutsättningar. För att genomföra denna studie har en litteraturgenomgång angående skatteregler som påverkar ett generationsskifte, samt de olika överlåtelseformerna, genomförts.

There are several competing views on how to best utilize air power. Following his quantitative study of air power, Robert Pape developed a theory which focuses on undermining the target state's military strategy. According to Pape it is possible to explain the outcome as a result of military vulnerability. This essay seeks to determine if Pape's theory can predict the outcome of Operation Unified Protector. By using a mixed methods approach on four hypotheses, it will be determined if the operation was a successful case of coercion, if NATO acted according to Pape's model and whether this achieved the desired effects or not. The results reveal that the theory could not successfully predict the outcome of the conflict.

The species in the genus bumblebees (Bombus) are important pollinators. In the world there are 250 bumblebee species and there are 34 species in Norway. The purpose of this study is 1) to assess changes in the species composition of bumblebees in twenty different places in Norway that have been inventoried first one time between 1939-1960 and the second time in 2012, and 2) to relate species richness and distributions to current landscape composition with the aid of orthophotos. In this study, I have used regression analyzes on the different bumblebee species that were present or absent at the inventory, using the premises of the following variables: low or high altitude, latitude, longitude and seven different types of land use (farmland, building/plots, open land/pasture, forest, wetland and open or snow-covered ground above the tree line) to see if there was any relationship between each species and the different variables. I have not analyzed what the landscape looked like at the first inventories and therefore we cannot say whether it has changed and if that is why species number has decreased. This would be interesting to study further and to see if there is any relationship between landscape changes and bumblebee?s species decline.

The report is a comparative study between spruce plantations where 4 plants are treated with deer repellents and 4 plantations are untreated. The study aims to provide a base for the Forest Society's future decisions regarding the use of wildlife-repellents.  The report indicates that wildlife-repellents work reasonably well for its purpose, the treated stocks were virtually untouched during the planting year and next year while the untreated stocks have been heavily grazed during these years.  Growth difference between grazed plants and ungrazed plants found to be virtually non-existent (0, 01 m) of the treated stocks and 0, 07 m in the untreated plants. Because of the growth differences are so small between grazed and no grazed plants, it seems like the treatment of deer-repellent are unnecessary. Unless you know in particularly that the area has a specific problem whit severe deer-grazing..

Sweden is dependent on secure sea transport. Shorter disruption of imports of fuel and crude oil can be managed with an emergency stock, but a prolonged halt in imports creates problems. For industry, the vulnerability is greater. Fragmented production chains in combination with expenditure reductions in inventory causes a dependency on proper transport of intermediate goods in the manufacturing industry. A lengthy disruption thus involves disruption of production for both domestic consumption and for export goods containing imported parts.In order to secure shipping routes with a limited number of vessels, Mine Counter Measures (MCM) capacity is required, and according to the Armed Forces, developed with new sensors and autonomous vehicles.

Anbudsprocessen på Balfour Beatty Rail i Västerås står inför en förändring då man vill införa ett nätverksbaserat kalkyleringssystem. Examensarbetets avsikt är att fokusera på anbudsprocessen med fokus på kalkylarbetet för att se hur dessa kan effektiviseras, samt för att se hur arbetet med kalkyleringen ska utformas på bästa sätt vid övergången till den nya plattformen.För att komma fram till hur anbudsprocessen ska kunna förbättras och designas på bästa möjliga sätt har detta bland annat lösts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med alla som är involverade, för att få en insyn in i processen på en detaljnivå som tillåtit mig att modellera processens utgångsläge. Då företaget har utryckt en önskan om att ?skapa en ?lean? anbudsprocess? har målet varit att förbättra processen med hjälp av den teori som är tillämplig (operations management, TQM, MIS, project management med mera) samt även att underbygga den med teori om lean enterprise och undersöka möjligheten för ett större åtagande av ett lean system.Efter undersökande av processen har en rad förbättringar föreslagits som till viss grad kunnats illustreras med en ny processkartläggning. För att optimera organisationens arbete med att producera anbud har det konstaterats att beslutsprocessen som leder fram till ett åtagande av produktion av anbud varit för lång och behöver effektiviseras genom att bland annat förbättra beslutsunderlaget innan ledningen träffas, att korta beslutsvägar och att ha möten minst två gånger i veckan.

Volvo Group Truck Operations i Umeå arbetar med arbetsmiljö och säkerhet på arbetsplatsen genom en så kallad säkerhetspyramid. Säkerhetspyramiden baseras bland annat på medarbetarnas rapportering av osäkert agerande och osäkert förhållande. Syftet med pyramiden är att identifiera risker och förhindra arbetsplatsolyckor. Baserat på rapporteringsstatistik och teoretiska antagandena i säkerhetspyramiden finns en anledning att tro att det förekommer en underrapportering. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns en underrapportering av osäkert agerande och osäkert förhållande bland kollektivanställda på presshallen och kaross.

This report is a thesis work for a B.Sc. in Forestry exam at the School for Forest Engineers, SLU. The aim of the work was to compare fuel consumption during work in practical field conditions with a standardized method developed by Skogforsk (The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden), (Brunberg, 2005) for harvesters and forwarders from different manufacturers and of different sizes in order to promote the development of more fuel efficient machines. Two studies were carried out. - Statistics of fuel consumption were collected. - An inquiry was sent out in order to get more detailed information of different aspects influencing the fuel consumption. The studied machines were divided into two classes, large machines (> 150 kW), and average size machines (100 ? 150 kW), and of the manufacturer Timberjack and Valmet. Our results shows a 15 % lower fuel consumption for average size harvesters and an 8 % higher fuel consumption for large harvesters compared with Skogforsks model.