De senaste decennierna har miljö och hållbarhet fått en större betydelseför bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. En rad miljöcertifieringar förbyggnader har vuxit fram.Miljöbyggnad enligt Sweden Green Building Council (SGBC) är ettsvenskt certifieringssystem för att certifiera byggnader inom Energi,Inomhusmiljö och Byggvaror. En certifierad byggnad enligtmiljöbyggnad kan erhålla betyg guld, silver eller brons.Fallstudie har gjorts av brf Stenhuggaren, ett bostadsprojekt där 47bostadsrätter ska byggas, där byggherren HSB Göta:s ambition är attcertifiera byggnaden för Miljöklassning nivå Silver, som är ett led i attnå företagets övergripande klimatmiljömål.Arbetet har bestått av litteraturstudier, intervjuer med medverkandekonsulter i projektet, studier av konsulternas resultat av projekteringensamt undersökning av vad entreprenören ska göra i det praktiskagenomförandet av byggnationen för att säkerställa att uppställda målnås. Manual 2.1 (utgåva 120101) Bedömningskriterier förnyproducerade byggnader, enligt SGBC, har utgjort en del avunderlaget i denna rapport.En av slutsatserna som kommit fram i arbetet är att entreprenörensarbete i produktionen med miljöklassning inte har den betydelse somförfattaren antog inledningsvis, utan det huvudsakliga arbetet ligger iett gediget arbete vid projektering.Att utveckla miljö-och hållbarhetsarbete i projektering kan skapa godförutsättning för att fler byggnader på sikt blir miljöklassade. Detta kan iett längre perspektiv innebära kvalitativa och hållbara byggnader..

This is a comparative study of six public libraries in the city of Gothenburg and its neighbourhood. The main purpose of this master thesis is to describe these libraries relating to a reform in the city council of Gothenburg and its neighbourhood. The comparison deals with a period of ten years, 1990-2000. In order to respond to this I formulated two questions: Are there any differences in the activities of these libraries? Has this reform influenced the librarians in their way of working and if so, why? I have studied relevant literature such as annual reports, investigations and analyses in order to be able to formulate the questions.

AbstractMedia presents hate crimes and nationalism as phenomenon that has increased both internationally and nationally in recent years. Further media largely pair these phenomenon together. The groups mostly exposed to hate and nationalism are people of different ethnic origin and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bi, trans and queer) people. In Sweden's general election in 2010 a RHP-party, Sweden Democrats, made it in to Parliament. The purpose of this study was to examine how hate crimes and nationalism, in the form of the Sweden Democrats, has increased in Sweden and if there was any link between them.

SUMMARY Establish a pasture There is many valuable nature and culture landscapes in Sweden that has developed during a long period of time, throw natural processes or human use. Unfortunately lot of these are disappearing. My thought with this work is to explore the possibility to establish new areas with similar qualities. The motive for this is that attractive countryside biotopes are well worth to use as model to enrich the urban landscape. Another thought has concerned the people that establish, build and manage landscapes and parks. They often have varied views, both coming from a difference in background and previous experiences.

The purpose of this study is to examine certain aspects of work with men who use violence in intimate relationships. In a Government bill in late 90s the Government presented its action plan on what is expected to be done in each municipality, but investigations show that the work is stationary. 46 percent of the men, who are in treatment, choose to cancel it. We wanted to find out how society will meet up with men who use violence in their intimate relationship and how to go about in the meeting. Those who lead us to the answers in this qualitative method are three social workers and a therapist who has the task of helping these men. The study is based on interviews from three municipalities in southern Sweden, the municipalities made ??as in between 30-60 000 residents and businesses are startups; theoldest has been in operation for five years.The results showed that they had chosen to put these activities under the sections of the Social Services but is counted as a separate project, as the driving force may apply for funding via the County Council.

skogsföretagens långsiktigt strategiska planering sker idag i de flesta fall med Indelningspaketet (IPAK). För överföringen från strategisk till operativ och objektsorienterad planering finns ingen vedertagen rutin. Syftet med denna studie, som initierats och finansierats av SCA Forest and Timber, har varit att utveckla en rutin för långsiktig operativ planering. Kravet var att planeringsrutinen skulle vara kraftfull nog att implementeras på ett stort skogsinnehav, i detta fall ca 90'000 ha. Planeringsrutinen omfattar åtgärderna slutavverkning och gallring.

Hylocomium splendens (Glittering wood-moss) is a common species in the Nordic countries and can be found in many different types of boreal forests. It usually forms dense moss carpets on the forest floor. The shoots grow in segments and new segments form annually on the previous years growth. The size of the segments is probably regulated in a high extent by local micro environmental conditions. Previous experiments suggest increased growth of H.

The aim of this paper is to map out the purposes of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. This is done in order to see if humanitarian tendencies have been an increasingly cause for the UN to initiate an intervention with military means. This paper uses the time period from the end of the cold war until today, since that historic occurrence increased the U.N.?s involvement in peacekeeping. By using this time span it enables the survey to indicate changes in the mapping of humanitarian interventions.

The main purpose of this essay was to study whether niche parties that were represented in municipal councils in Sweden during the 2007-2010 term of office were politically relevant. Furthermore, factors that might facilitate political relevance for niche parties were studied. Political relevance was studied using two theoretical perspectives. The objective model of political relevance presents four categories of relevance based on the relations between political parties in a political assembly; governing parties, coalition parties, blackmail parties and isolated parties. The subjective model of political relevance relies on the party representatives? own judgments of the relevance of their parties.

Internal communication is very important for the success of an organization. The county council Landstinget i Värmland is a large organization with many managers on different positions. Every one of these managers gets an email every week, with the message that a new manager letter, called Chef, is published on the intranet. With my paper I am examining what the managers think of this letter, how they use it and if managers on different positions differ from each other in opinions about and use of the letter. I want to find out if there is a need of Chef as a part of the internal communication of Landstinget i Värmland.To answer these questions, I have chosen a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire which is send to all the receivers of the manager letter.

I Sverige finns det ett stort antal skogsfastigheter som årligen ska genomgå generationsskifte, det vill säga överlåtas inom familjen. Vid ett generationsskifte uppstår vanligen problem av ekonomisk karaktär, där både överlåtare och mottagare av skogsfastigheten är intresserade av att minimera skattekostnaden, vid tidpunkten för överlåtelsen. Dock är det viktigt att även ta hänsyn till den framtida ekonomiska situationen för både överlåtare, mottagare och eventuella syskon. Syftet med denna studie är utreda vilka för- och nackdelar som finns med olika överlåtelseformer vid generationsskiften av olika typer av skogsfastigheter. Målet med studien är att finna ett bidrag till rådgivningsunderlag som fungerar för skogsfastigheter med olika familjesituationer och ekonomiska förutsättningar. För att genomföra denna studie har en litteraturgenomgång angående skatteregler som påverkar ett generationsskifte, samt de olika överlåtelseformerna, genomförts.

The species in the genus bumblebees (Bombus) are important pollinators. In the world there are 250 bumblebee species and there are 34 species in Norway. The purpose of this study is 1) to assess changes in the species composition of bumblebees in twenty different places in Norway that have been inventoried first one time between 1939-1960 and the second time in 2012, and 2) to relate species richness and distributions to current landscape composition with the aid of orthophotos. In this study, I have used regression analyzes on the different bumblebee species that were present or absent at the inventory, using the premises of the following variables: low or high altitude, latitude, longitude and seven different types of land use (farmland, building/plots, open land/pasture, forest, wetland and open or snow-covered ground above the tree line) to see if there was any relationship between each species and the different variables. I have not analyzed what the landscape looked like at the first inventories and therefore we cannot say whether it has changed and if that is why species number has decreased. This would be interesting to study further and to see if there is any relationship between landscape changes and bumblebee?s species decline.

This thesis analyses how the European Unions institutions deal with the issue of illegal and harmful content on the Internet in key documents presented during the period 19961999. Particular attention is attached to content where the legal status is determined in relation to the user and to content that is legal, but characterized as harmful and entailing a need for special protective measures. The theoretical and methodological approach draws on discourse theory as formulated by Laclau and Mouffe. The thesis studies how the problem is represented in key documents from the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, with particular regard to the discourse on harmfulness, the child and Europe. The findings are that the overall discourse has shifted focus over time, from an emphasis on the protection of minors toward a more market-oriented discourse stressing the importance of protecting the competitiveness of the European economy.

This paper is about a new organization how to get smaller communities to join together and become much larger. The purpose is to find out why Norra Sandsjö community and Bringetofta and Norra Sandsjö parishes were separated when Sävsjö municipality block was formed. The purpose is further to find out what the councils of Norra Sandsjö, Nässjö and Sävsjö, the church council and the people who lived in the area thought about the decision that was made by the executive organization in this matter (länsstyrelsen in Jönköping). Voting was arranged amongst the people, who lived in the specific area that in the first inquiry was suggested to be connected with Nässjö municipality block. The source material gives the result of this voting and the opinions of Norra Sandsjö, Nässjö and Sävsjö communities in this question.

The report is a comparative study between spruce plantations where 4 plants are treated with deer repellents and 4 plantations are untreated. The study aims to provide a base for the Forest Society's future decisions regarding the use of wildlife-repellents.  The report indicates that wildlife-repellents work reasonably well for its purpose, the treated stocks were virtually untouched during the planting year and next year while the untreated stocks have been heavily grazed during these years.  Growth difference between grazed plants and ungrazed plants found to be virtually non-existent (0, 01 m) of the treated stocks and 0, 07 m in the untreated plants. Because of the growth differences are so small between grazed and no grazed plants, it seems like the treatment of deer-repellent are unnecessary. Unless you know in particularly that the area has a specific problem whit severe deer-grazing..