Människors allmänna välbefinnande och livskvalitet påverkas av deras sömn.    Sömnproblemen ökar och resulterar i ökade kostnader för den enskilde, arbetsgivarna och samhället. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva effekter av sömnhygieniska åtgärder riktade till individer inom hälsovården med primär insomni. Resultatet visade att en kombination av åtgärder utifrån personliga behov gav bäst resultat men också att det rådde begreppsförvirring runt sömnhygieniska åtgärder och deras effektivitet. Fördjupad kunskap behövs vad det gäller de enskilda sömnhygieniska rådens effektivitet.

Nipahvirus is most likely spread from bats to other species and causes lethal encephalitis in humans and respiratory illness in pigs. Different species are affected with varying severity but it seems to have an unprecedented zoonotic capacity and the humans affected either die or receive permanent brain damage. Full recovery is possible but very uncommon. Pigs that live and are bread in the areas that these bats frequent are constantly in danger of contracting pneumonias and meningitis and they can spread the virus further on to the people who work with the pigs and process their carcasses. These workers could then infect other humans in their immediate surroundings, their families for instance.

Då matförgiftningarna runt om i världen stadigt ökar, har livsmedelsinspektörernas roll att kontrollera hur livsmedelsföretagen uppfyller livsmedelslagstiftningen blivit allt viktigare. År 2006 ändrades den svenska livsmedelslagstiftningen till att bli mer överensstämmande med EU:s livsmedelslagstiftning. I och med denna förändring ändrades livsmedelsinspektörernas roll till att kontrollera hur väl livsmedelsföretagens rutiner för egenkontroll uppfyller livsmedelslagstiftningen. För att kommunikationen under de kontroller som livsmedelsinspektörerna utför på livsmedelsföretagen ska kunna fungera på ett effektivt och noggrant sätt, krävs det att båda parter hjälps åt. Då forskningen inom det aktuella området idag kan ses som bristfällig, har detta legat till grund för detta examensarbetes inriktning.

The goal of this master thesis project was to develop computer models of some plausiblepretreatment techniques and to assess the potential benefits/costs of using pretreatment andanaerobic digestion for waste management of organic waste from a system perspective. Forthis purpose a computer program called ORWARE has been used. ORWARE (organic wasteresearch) is a program for making life cycle assessments of waste management. As the mainpart of the project work the ORWARE system has been provided with three new models ofpretreatment techniques. The additions consist of: One model of pretreatment with ultrasound,one model of thermal hydrolysis and one model of a screw press.

Vårdrelaterade infektioner kostar årligen 3,7 miljarder kronor och drabbar 10 % av dem som ligger inne för akut sjukvård. Det är därför viktigt med en god vård-hygien. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur väl vårdpersonal följer Handbo-ken för hälso- och sjukvård då gäller handhygien, smycken, klädsel och hår. Data-insamlingen skedde med hjälp av en enkät som delades ut på en klinik. Resultatet analyserades sedan kvantitativt och visade att compliance var hög över lag men att den på vissa punkter behövde förbättras.

This report describes the nutritional requirements of the dog and cat. You are also able to learn about the most common diseases in the dog and cat where food has an important role in both prevention and recovery of these diseases. We describe FLUTD, canine urolithiasis, heart- and kidney disease, gastrointestinal diseases and obesity. You have to know the right balance between different nutrients to decrease the stress on the body and to prevent the advancement of the diseases. Finally we discuss the differences between three manufacturers of veterinary prescribed diets and two commercial pet foods..

Det här examensarbetet har utförts vid SCA Hygiene Products:s produktions-anläggning i Lilla Edet. Där trä och återvunnet material förädlas till toalett- och hushållspapper för konsumenter och industrier. Bakgrunden till projektet var att de anställda vid konverteringen var överrepresenterade vad gäller belastningsbesvär. Projektet var avgränsat till tre av produktionslinjerna vid konverteringen. Vilket omfattade ungefär 55 operatörer som arbetade 5-skift.

Abstract One of the leading causes of food borne infections in the world is due to Salmonella by con-suming poultry products including eggs and meat. According to US Food and Drug Admin-istration (2009), 2 to 4 million cases of Salmonellosis in humans occur every year only in US. Salmonella causes wide range of diseases with enteric and typhoid fever, food poisoning, di-arrhea and gastro-enteritis. Many serotypes of Salmonella do not have host specificity and cause disease in all kinds of animals and humans. Salmonella has capability to modify accord-ing to the changing environment and it can develop resistance against routine elimination practices of sanitation, chemical treatments and antibacterial drugs. Newly established poultry industries in Pakistan are confronting various infectious diseases including Salmonellosis while in Sweden Salmonella prevalence in animal products con-sumed for humans is extremely low.

Sleep is essential for all mammals and they all have different sleep patterns. Wild horses normally spend 2-8.5% of a 24-hour period in recumbent position while stabled horses lie down 11-20%. To fulfil the need of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep the horse must lie down with support against the ground for the head. The lying behavior can be affected by external stimuli such as age, food intake, bedding materials and if the horses feel safe or not. This study investigates the lying behavior of horses on different bedding materials; wood shavings and filled rubber mats (HIT SoftBed®).

Today there is a limited demand for quality certified cereal in Sweden. The demand can in the future increase and become a requirement for the entire market. Since the first of January 2005, grain producers in Sweden are food producers and traceability is important for the food industry. It is possible for grain producers to certify the productions under the certification IP SIGILL. The purpose of this essay is to explore why some grain producers continue to be certified while other producers end the IP SIGILL certification.

Kenya is a country of 35 million people and is situated in Eastern Africa. 70% of thepopulation works within the agricultural sector and for many of them food insecurity is amajor problem. Maize and beans are today the staple food for many households. Goodfarming conditions enable two harvests per year and a potential maize yield of 4-5 tons perhectare.A major problem for many farmers in this area is the increase of the weed striga. The weedcauses severe yield losses, and has a major economic impact on smallholders.

Through an examination on a Telemarketing company this paper aim to investigate which relations there is between the level of motivation and performance and how these are related to the factors that are included in Herzbergs two-factor-theory.In this essay we have been using a questionnaire and interview. We have also been able to collect statistics on employees from the Telemarketing company we examine. On the basis of these data we have analyzed which relations there is.The examination shows on relations who mean that the factors Performance and Acknowledgement are the ones that affect the motivation the most, and therefore the level of Performance. The rest of the Motivation factors don?t show any clear relations.

Organic agriculture is financially promoted in Sweden by special environmental support and as consumers we are all encouraged to buy organic food. At the same time scholars at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences claim that organic farming does not provide any environmental benefits. The main criticism is that organic farming has lower yields than conventional, which means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food as in conventional farming, leading to deforestation and loss of biodiversity. As for climate change, the critics claim that the significantly higher productivity in conventional crop production compared to organic, releases surplus land, which could be used for bio-fuel production and thereby replace the fossil fuels. The critics also claim that organic farming causes higher nutrient leaching than conventional.

Purpose: The aim with the report is to investigate if the South East Asian customer on the food processing market base their investments on Total Cost of Ownership and if so, which are the cost drivers considered most vital. Moreover, do these cost-drivers diverge from the perception FP Ltd has, and if so, can a Total Cost of Ownership-model help to achieve a mutual understanding? Methodology: First a descriptive approach will be taken, identifying FP Ltd?s employers? perception on how to meet the customer. This will later be compared to our empirical findings of the actual customer behaviour in Thailand and Vietnam. Thorough analyse of the gap between the two parts will give us the outcome whether or not FP Ltd will have any use of presenting a quantitative model justifying their higher price.

Den vanligast förekommande smittspridningen sker via händer. Trots stor kunskap om vikten av handhygien bland sjukvårdspersonal har olika studier visat att följsamheten inte motsvarar det förväntade. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att belysa läkares och sjuksköterskors kunskap om, attityder och följsamhet till handhygien samt att belysa eventuella skillnader. Arbetet omfattar tio vetenskapliga artiklar från Europa och Nordamerika samt litteratur för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställning. Resultatet i den här uppsatsen visar att både läkare och sjuksköterskor har relativt goda kunskaper om handhygien men där läkare och sjuksköterskor jämförs har sjuksköterskor bättre kunskaper. De vanligaste orsakerna till negativa attityder är tidsbrist samt torr och irriterad hud p g a handtvättningsmaterial.