Laws, regulations and generally accepted accounting principles hold options on how companies should recognize revenue. Generally accepted accounting principles are determined by standard-setting bodies as the Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Supervisory Authority, which is influenced by international standard-setting bodies as the IASB. Service revenue is generally recognized when performance is completed, but there are variations in when a performance is considered complete. The different accounting options available create difficulties in comparing companies over time and between companies, which in turn creates difficulties to achieve a true and fair view. By clarifying what methods and principles in accounting for service income the unlisted companies in Sweden are using and why these differences exist, we have been able to study how the comparability and the true and fair view is affected by these differences. The aim was to study the underlying factors that companies do their financial report differently.

Religiositet och andlighet tycks ha samband med fysisk och psykisk hälsa. I uppsatsen undersöks sambandet mellan andlighet och utbrändhet, två grupper behandlare jämförs och mätegenskaper hos skalorna Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Field-Test Instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB), Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), Maslach Burnout Inventory ? Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) och Utbrändhet i arbetet (UA) undersöks. Studiedeltagarna var 38 programledare för kriminalvårdens tolvstegsprogram och 39 behandlare i ett psykoterapinätverk inom beroendevården (svarsfrekvens 61,5%). Andlighet korrelerade med personlig prestation (personal accomplishment; r = 0,315, p < 0,05).

To have a functioning organization where there is a self-development for employees them selves, as well as between managers and employees, where employees are empowered and work for the organization and its goals. Feedback seems to be the main instrument to solve problems and create that organization. At the Military Academy Karlberg and the basic officers training there is a lot of discussions about feedback and how it is supposed to be carried out. This essay discusses the matter of how well we live up to the demands set by leadership classes at the Military Academy, what the platoon leaders do think about how feedback takes its expression. The questions about how feedback is used are to be answered by interviews with five platoon leaders and their thoughts about how feedback is communicated at the Academy.

The Public Sector Scorecard (PSS) is a younger version of the balanced scorecard, created for public and nonprofit organizations. The latest model of PSS is divided into three main groups and seven perspectives, while the balanced scorecard consists of four perspectives. Organizations who use either PSS or the balanced scorecard are supposed to have a clear vision spread all over the unit. This study has sought differences between the two models of financial control in both theory and practice. The first part of the study is a theoretical comparison between the models? structures and terms used in them.

Background: Currently Sweden has the possibility to like other EU countries raise the limits of statutory audit, but have chosen significantly lower limits. The reform was adopted in 2010 and only applies to smaller companies and there is great pressure for the limits to rise in future. This would enable Swedish companies to compete on equal terms in Europe. Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of the removal of the statutory audit for smaller companies from audit and accounting bureaus perspective and also the possible impact if the limits were to rise. Furthermore we want to explore how the supplies of other financial services have developed as a result of this.

Under lång tid tillbaka har det försökts att hitta en lämplig värderingsmetod som skalltillämpas på tillgångar och skulder för företagen. IASB reglerade att finansiella instrumentenför handel som derivatinstrument (optioner, terminer och swappar) skall värderas till verkligtvärde från anskaffningsvärde från och med 1 januari, 2005 och syftet var att verkligt värdegav relevantare information till marknaden och aktieägarna. En annan målsättning var att gånärmare mot harmonisering av redovisningsreglerna. IFRS innebar en övergång till verkligtvärde-värdering på fler tillgångs- och skuldkategorier. IAS 39 standarden behandlarfinansiella instrument, dess redovisning och klassificering, vilket är ett exempel på enkategori som har övergått till värdering till verkligt värde.Det finns för- och motargument för båda principerna (verkligt- och anskaffningsvärde).Förespråkarna till verkligt värde menar att det är verkligt värde som ska tillämpas förvärdering av finansiella instrumenten eftersom det ger den bästa informationen till aktieägarnaoch marknaden om företagets verkliga värde.

This paper describes and develops a trade off model of optimal capital structure by Bradley et al. (1984). The model is then tested to examine how changes in corporate tax rates affect the optimal capital structure of firms. Based on theoretical implications of the model, four hypotheses are derived stating that firms? optimal debt-to-value ratio is (1) negatively related to financial distress costs, (2) negatively related to non-debt tax shields, (3) negatively related to firm volatility and (4) positively related to the corporate tax rate.

This report is about helping Q-Med AB in Uppsala to start its implementation of uncertainty of measurements analyses in their manufacturing department. Prior to this, the company relied solely on personal experience or did not take this uncertainty into consideration at all during different kind of measurements, which means that some of the processes that the company previously believed were within specified acceptance limits, will actually fail when considering these sources of uncertainties.Q-Med AB needed some sort of instruction to help the company, in a systematic way, to investigate different types of disorders that are affecting all kinds of measurements. This instruction includes a short summary about measurements and uncertainty of measurements in general and a detailed procedure about how these uncertainties are going to be handled in their daily work.The goal was to be able to use this instruction to systematically locate, eliminate (when possible) and analyze all kinds of disorders when measuring. Q-Med is using a lot of different types of instruments when measuring different types of quantities, including temperature, mass, pressure and density. This instruction will hereafter be used for every instrument, regardless of quantity and type of instrument.The instruction is tested through 4 different kinds of measurements, for mass, temperature and humidity.

Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur organisationen ser ut kring elever med diagnosen dyslexi. Vi har gjort en kvalitativ undersökning som grundat sig på intervjuer och dokumentanalyser. Studien är baserad på sju halvstrukturerade intervjuer och analys av 36 åtgärdsprogram. Vårt antagande som vi även tycker framgår ur Skolinspektionens rapport (Skolinspektionen, 2011:8) var att många skolor saknar ett helhetsperspektiv i arbetet med elever i behov av särskilt stöd. Våra förutfattade meningar var även att åtgärdsprogram för elever med diagnosen dyslexi inte används som ett pedagogiskt instrument i den utsträckning vi önskar.

Människans balanssystem kan beskrivas utifrån tre delkomponenter, det vestibulära, det visuella och det somatosensoriska systemet. En rad olika skador och sjukdomar som påverkar dessa system stör därmed också balansen. Balansstörningar kan verifieras med hjälp av funktionella tester eller teknisk utrustning. Då teknisk utrustning används är det vanligt att instrument utnyttjas med kraftplattor i syfte att mäta det posturala svajet hos patienterna. Vid balansutvärdering är det viktigt att de instrument som används är validitets och reliabilitetstestade.

Title: The appraiser?s choice of valuation method ? factors that influences the choice of company valuation methodsSeminar date: 04/06/07Course: Master thesis in Business Administration, 10 Swedish credits.Authors: Anne Benedicks and Veronica ÖbergAdvisor: Eron OxingProfession of category: Financial analysts, auditors and company lawyers.Key words: Company valuation, valuation methods, cash flow analysis, comparative valuation, the net asset value method.The Main Issue: What is of decisive importance when choosing a special company valuation method?Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyse and evaluate the most common methods of valuation for financial analysts, auditors and company lawyers and those factors that influences the choice of method.Method: A multiple survey has been implemented for the actual profession categories. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey.Theoretical: The theoretical frame of reference is based upon the paper?s dependent variable, i.e. the role of the appraiser.

The local wind band in Lilla Edet, Lilla Edets Musikförening, springs from work and activities in the late 19:th century. Since then, the band has developed from a brass sextet to mixed wind band. It has been an appreciated contribution to the society on festive occasions. Yet, it seems like the band more and more has lost it´s useful purpose. Also, the recruiting of new members has ceased, as the music school has trouble with attracting pupils to learn to play wind instruments.The reasons for this reduced interest are more then one.

Det kan finnas flera orsaker till krisen som den globala finansmarknaden upplever idag. Orsaker som nämnts är bristfällig riskhantering och alltför komplexa finansiella instrument. Vissa anser att redovisningen spelar en betydande roll i finanskrisen. De menar att det saknas transparens i redovisningen, vilket bland annat gör att det inte går att utläsa vilken risk ett företag är exponerat för. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka huruvida det finns ett samband mellan redovisning och den aktuella finanskrisen.

AbstractThe aim of the studie was to investigate if the Pediatric Early Warning Score system, PEWS, is an useful instrument on a children's inpatient ward, regarding the detecting of deterioration in children's vital signs. For this, a quantitative descriptive design with qualitative elements was used. Method: Study specific questionnaires were distributed to 86 persons (helpnurses, nurses and doctors). Of these, 36 answered and sent back the surveys. Results: Of 36 responses 25 felt experienced a faster detection of deterioration of vital signs in the child.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeutiska interventioner till barn med cerebral pares i samband med Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). Urvalet bestod av åtta arbetsterapeuter som arbetade på olika barnhabiliteringskliniker i Sverige. Arbetsterapeuterna intervjuades utifrån en intervjuguide innehållande bakgrundsinformation samt öppna frågeställningar. Det insamlade datamaterialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades med hjälp av tre teman som beskrev de arbetsterapeutiska interventionerna.