Då jag varit ute på praktik har jag sett att elever allt för ofta bara sitter och räknar i läroboken. Vi matematiklärare måste bli bättre på att variera och börja laborera i vår undervisning. Både för att få med eleverna kunskapsmässigt i undervisningen och för att få dem intresserade och engagerade. Jag har därför i mitt examensarbete undersökt om lärare i år 4-6 använder sig utav konkret material i sin matematikundervisning. Mina problemformuleringar var:- Vad använder lärare i år 4-6 för konkreta material i sin matematikundervisning?- Hur gör lärare i år 4-6 för att konkretisera matematikundervisningen?- Varför väljer de som konkretiserar matematikundervisningen att konkretisera?Metoder som jag använt i min undersökning är litteraturstudier och intervjuer.

This essay examines how four archaeology scholars reason about gender. I have used a qualitative method in making this study of their dissertations.  The aim is to obtain a deeper understanding of gender identity in prehistory, gaining a broader appreciation of how this might be expressed through archaeological material. This essay takes its theoretical departure from postprocessual thinking, where gender perspectives, including feminist and queer theories are in focus. The result of this study shows that the scholars have a postprocessual, structuralistic theoretical perspective in common, and that they use stereotypical identity-descriptions.

This thesis has been developed inassociation with Strängbetong AB, Sweden.A few years backCementa AB introduced a new type of cement on the Swedish market: Byggcement,which is a Portland Limestone Cement. This type of cement is better for theenvironment and cheaper than Rapid Hardening Cement which is used today at SträngbetongAB.Strängbetong AB isvery interested in a change of cement in the factory and wants to know what ittakes to make a transition from Rapid Hardening Cement to Byggcement.This final projectaims at investigating how the workability and strength development are affectedby a transition from the existing cement to Byggcement and how we can change theproperties of the concrete by adding different types of superplasticizers. Laboratory and factoryexperiments were made, to investigate the transition..

This thesis discusses how the education in the Master of Engineering program can change to become more into line for the students needs, especially for the women, both directly in the education situation and later in their occupational roles. This is done using a gender perspective. Both the education and the occupation today is characterised by masculine norms and values. The education lacks gender perspective and is created by men, for men. The thesis gives concrete proposals on how to change two existing courses to better fit the students.

The purpose of my study is to contribute knowledge about how class teachers can work with students who are in mathematics difficulties. The question at issues I have is: Which methods can class teachers in grades 1-3 use to help students with mathematics difficulties? and Which obstacles and opportunities are there in this work? To get answers to my questions, I have read relevant literature and interviewed 3 class teachers in central Sweden. Through my interview I learned that education should include and build on concrete materials and methods. I also got to know that time is the biggest obstacle to helping students with mathematics difficulties. Keywords: mathematics difficulties, methods, obstacles, opportunities.

Tidigare forskning visar på att en prisvolatilitet existerar på marknaden för återvunnet material och att den många gånger är högre än volatiliteten för dess motsvarande jungfruliga material. Prisvolatilitet på marknaden för återvunnet material verkar vara en av orsakerna till osäkerhet på marknaden vilket i sin tur hämmar investeringar i marknaden, vilket leder till att färre substituerar jungfrulig råvara mot återvunnen råvara. Volatiliteten på återvunnet material kan ses från två olika perspektiv, ett där volatilitet är en orsak av effektiva marknader som styrs av utbud och efterfrågan och ett där volatilitet är en orsak av olika marknadsmisslyckanden. Syftet med denna studie är att mäta förändringen i volatiliteten för återvunnet material, utifrån ett antagande om att volatiliteten minskar över tiden då marknaderna för återvunnet material mognar och blir mer etablerade. Standardavvikelse används som mått för att mäta volatiliteten, där volatiliteten mäts för fem olika material, vilka har olika tidsperioder beroende på material.

There are many old dams in Sweden and, since few dams are constructed today, the main task in risk assessment on the existing dams is often to reduce the risk of failure. RIDAS (Swedish Guidelines on Dam Safety) is used when designing new dams and assess the existing ones. The guidelines include stability requirements for different failure modes, e.g. overturning and sliding, which imply that the load effect from e.g. uplift and ice load need to be less than the resisting loads or moments.

In soundscape research, the field?s methods can be employed in combination with approaches involving sound quality attributes in order to create a deeper understanding of sound images and soundscapes and how these may be described and designed. The integration of four methods are outlined, two from the soundscape domain and two from the sound engineering domain. This study has shown that by combining these methods the understanding of both the entire soundscape and the specific sounds increase. The study also shows that when the methods are used, there is a qualitative change of the description and understanding of soundscapes and the concrete description becomes more elaborate..

Choosing a new plastic material for a container includes several different steps. In this case,the Finnish company Hackman needed a new type of packaging material for theircutlery- and kitchentool series »Hackman tools«. The project was carried out in cooperationwith the design agency Ytterborn & Fuentes, which has Hackman as a client.Several different demands were put on the material in order to fulfill as many of the clientswishes as possible. The most urgent problem with the existing container was the difficultysfor the customer to clearly see the contents in the container. Because of this problemthe customer tried to open the container in the shop.

Ljud och trädgård är kanske inte det första par man tänker sig som gifta men de tus historia kan spåras längre tillbaka i tiden än man kan föreställa sig. När jag bestämde mig för att skriva min kandidatuppsats om akustisk trädgårdskonst trodde jag att ljudinstallationer i trädgårdar och parker var ett nytt fenomen. En helt ny värld öppnade sig framför mina ögon då jag insåg att så inte var fallet. Konstgjorda ljudkällor, såsom gyllene fåglar och vattenorglar, har kommit och gått genom tiderna medan naturliga ljud, såsom vind och fågelsång, bestått. När det kommer till vår egen tid är trädgårdsljud, även om moderna material och tankesätt används, en konstform som starkt präglas och inspireras av sin historia. Du kan skapa olika sorters ljudmiljöer i din trädgård beroende på vad du väljer att använda för material.

This bachelor thesis in science Informatics contains the qualifications for the applying of IT in education for students in elementary school, grade 1-3. By empirical case study on an existing elementary school, whose success on IT use is noticed, describes how to apply IT in the classroom in an adequate way. We look at different theoretical frameworks in interaction and design of systems designed for learning purposes, and satisfies their specific needs and situations within the classroom's four walls. The current lack of statistical measurements on students' results and effects of the use of IT in teaching, prevents further improvements. If we simultaneously work to develop more well-designed systems that are designed for this purpose, it is possible that the effects become more and better.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om och i så fall vilka laborativa material som används i samband med additionsalgoritmer med tiotalsövergång. Studien undersöker vidare de laborativa materialens betydelse för elevernas förståelse vid introduktionen av algoritmerna. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes observationer och intervjuer. Resultatet visade på att  laborativa material var vanligt förekommande. Det mest använda laborativa materialet hos de intervjuade lärarna var pengar.

The main objective of this essay is to examine how the identities of young people are influenced by their choice of an individual sport or a team sport.The following questions are the focus of the essay:? How does the sport influence the creation of an identity for active young people?? How will the choice of an individual sport or a team sport affect the development of an identity in young people who practises sport?To achieve the objective of this essay I have used a qualitative research approach. The empirical material has been collected with help of eight semi-structured interviews. Four of them were held with young people who practised swimming and the other four with young people who played soccer. The essay is structured from Derek Layders model regarding how to understand the social reality.

This joint study has researched the use of non-European history in a Swedish textbook for the High School course History 1a1 as well as internet based material regarding the same issue. The aim of this study was to clarify the use of non-European history in regards to the Eurocentric theory.As for the textbook analysis the purpose was to research what non-European history was mentioned in the material with regards to geographical location and the events that were mentioned, as well as to study how much non-European history was included in the material compared to European or Western history.The study of internet based material aimed to show what kind of teaching material could be found on internet based databases by and for teachers. The study aimed to show how well the material handled non-European history, as well as to what degree the material used European perspectives when dealing with non-European events and geographical areas.In our thesis we have created our own definition of the theory regarding eurocentrism. The method used was a combination of a quantitative and a qualitative discourse analysis of the texts.Our results showed that the textbook was overwhelmingly Eurocentric, not only giving vastly more focus to the European parts of world history, but also using European perspectives and ideals to describe non-European events and areas. The internet based material, on the other hand, proved more diverse and less biased, but also more difficult to find and less plentiful.Our conclusion, then, is that teachers have to choose between the risk of letting their students develop a severely limited and heavily Eurocentric view of the world, and the additional workload required to find and organize non-textbook material to broaden their students horizons.We hope our study will contribute to the discussion of the place of Eurocentrism in today?s global and multicultural society..

I denna studie undersöker vi inomhusmiljö och material i två Montessoriförskolor. Våra frågeställningar handlar om hur inomhusmiljön är utformad och hur materialet är placerat i två Montessoriförskolor, samt hur två pedagoger i två Montessoriförskolor ser på miljö och material utifrån följande nyckelbegrepp från läroplanen för förskolan: utmaning och stimulans, initiativ och självständighet samt demokrati och medinflytande. I vår studie utgår vi främst från Maria Montessoris teorier angående miljö, material och självständighet, men tar också upp andra teorier kring miljö. Vi använder oss av observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer, som grundar sig på en pilotstudie som vi genomförde i en traditionell förskola. Resultatet visar på att miljön och materialet i de två Montessoriförskolorna tillåter barnen att ta egna initiativ och vara självständiga.