Syftet med uppsatsen, att utifrån gällande rätt beskriva och granska statens skadeståndsansvar kritiskt, har uppnåtts med en traditionell juridisk metod. Principalansvar för staten har införts i 3 kap Skadeståndslagen (SkL) utanför myndighetsutövning och vid densamma. Samma ansvar gällde vid felaktig myndighetsinformation. Enligt 3 kap 2§ SkL krävdes fel eller försummelse för ansvar. Felbedömningen var objektiv (för den enskildes rättsäkerhet) och grundades på den enskildes beroende och myndighetens maktställning.

Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete ?r att j?mf?ra hur rehabilitering och behandling vid l?ndryggsskador framst?lls av tre olika professioner: l?kare, fysioterapeut och tr?nare, samt att diskutera vilka effekter och implikationer dessa representationer/framst?llningar producerar. Metod: Studien ?r byggd p? en diskursanalytisk ansats med st?d i Michel Foucaults diskursteori och Carol Bacchis modell ?What?s the problem represented to be??. Urvalet utf?rdes strategiskt och inkluderade totalt fyra respondenter: En l?kare, tv? fysioterapeuter varav en med idrottsmedicinsk inriktning och en tr?nare. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och analyserades med fyra centrala fr?gor i Bacchis modell. Resultat: Resultaten visade att professionerna har olika perspektiv sm?rta, skada och behandling. L?karen hade st?rre fokus p? sm?rtlindring och avlastning genom sjukskrivning medan fysioterapeuterna s?g aktiv rehab, helhetssyn och individanpassning som centralt. Tr?naren ans?g att det viktigt att f?rst? sin roll och h?nvisa till professionell behandling. Samarbetet mellan professionerna framh?vdes som viktigt men ans?gs vara organisatoriskt problematiskt. Slutsats: Olika utbildningar och erfarenheter p?verkar hur professioner och individer representerar l?ndryggsskador, vilket pr?glar b?de behandlingsmetoder och samarbetsm?jligheter.

The relationship between China and Japan has historically been problematic and, in some ways still is. One of the issues where both of the states cannot agree on is the island dispute. While both states are claiming sovereignty over the island and there do not seem to be an ending to it in the near future. If the island dispute continues to escalate it could have a negative impact in the Asian region and eventually rest of the world as well. However due to the complexity of the dispute a deeper knowledge is needed and a mutual understanding is needed.

I den juridiska litteraturen antas det ofta att vittnesuppgifter som är inkonsekventa också är mindre korrekta (Brewer, Potter, Fisher, Bond och Luszcz, 1999). Om det verkligen förhåller sig så har dock inte undersökts empiriskt i någon nämnvärd utsträckning. Tidigare studier har visat på en svag positiv korrelation mellan korrekthet och konsekvens. En reflexion över statistiska samband leder dock till slutsatsen att hittills hittade korrelationer kan vara artefakter, orsakade av hur variablerna definierats. I denna studie undersöktes om det fanns ett samband mellan vittnens grad av korrekthet och deras grad av konsekvens.

Det finns lärare som planerar sin undervisning utan att undersöka hur effektiv den är i att komma till rätta med studenternas missuppfattningar. En lärare som vet vilka missuppfattningar som är vanliga och leder till felaktiga svar tror jag har större möjlighet att utforma undervisningen på ett sätt som får eleverna att göra sig av med sina missuppfattningar och därmed svara rätt. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur gymnasieelever i början av tredje årskursen på det naturvetenskapliga programmet uppfattar biologiska begrepp. Verktyget som användes för att undersöka elevernas begreppsuppfattning var Biology Concept Inventory (BCI). Testet besvarades av 66 svenska gymnasieelever i sista året på det naturvetenskapliga programmet.

This thesis aims to explore how musicologists reason about publishing their articles in open-access journals. What is the challenge they face and what are the possibilities musicologists are concerned about? For the method I used open-ended and structured interviews based on four factors: trustworthiness, accessibility, reaching the readers and status of the publishing media. Musicologists are positive to the open-access concept and are willing to submit their papers to open-access journals. They think that the accessibility of the articles is going to increase when they publish them in open-access journals.

Rätten att demonstrera i Sverige är grundlagsskyddad. Det är polisen uppgift att skydda både tillståndsgivna och icke tillståndsgivna demonstrationer utan att göra avkall på säkerheten och ordningen. Till sin hjälp har polisen ett antal verktyg i form av lagstöd i bl.a. Polislagen och Ordningslagen. Justitieombudsmannen (JO) är den som övervakar polisens arbete och har möjlighet att kritisera polisen för ingripanden som inte haft stöd i lag eller som annars har varit felaktiga.

AbstractWith this c-composition, I am trying to give a view over what has happened in the political area and the issues that concerns environmental aid. My analyze starts in the 60-ies when the environmental debate took of. It continues trough the 70-ies, 80-ies and ends in 1994 with the report that considers the UN-conference in Rio de Janeiro 1992, ?Sustainable Aid? and what the results of the more and more important issue ?sustainable development? has offered the Swedish government ant there work with environmental aid.The question issue is: At what time in history, did the Swedisch government start to addrsess environmental aid? How did the environmental aid come to be addressed and developed in the political area from the Brundtlandreport ?Our common future? from 1987 to the UN-conference in Rio de Janeiro 1992?The result is that the environment is getting more and more important in the political arena as the knowledge about the escalating crises with the environmental problems are being taken more seriously. The problems with the environment has to be considered together with the rest of the aid- and developing questions like economy and the struggle to reduce poverty in the world.

Pictures are often used when marketing a tourist destination. Photographs of a place, a destination, are used to convince customers and stimulate daydreaming in order to turn a potential customer into a real customer. For some people the photographic representations of a place is the only one they experience. With this in mind, it is reasonable to question how representations of places and geographical imaginations are being (re)produced when marketing a destination by using photographs. This paper aims to study how representations of place and people are used when marketing a tourist destination via travel commercial.

The aim of this essay is to try to find the differences and similarities of two public librariesin the town of Kristinehamn and the rural community of Vara during the year 1994. Especiallyinteresting was if the different political traditions of the two communities -left wing majorityin Kristinehamn and right wing in Vara- have influenced the forming of the public libraries.The comparison contains accounts from the annual reports produced by the libraries between1987 and 1994, a more thorough study of the activities and interviews with decision makers in1994. The interview with the decision makers indicates that there is a distinct difference betweenthe librarians and the rest of the informants, this distinction shows, that in a tight budgetsituation the librarians prefer not to cut down on staff while the other informants actuallyfavour to make cuts on the procedures handled by the librarians. The general opinionthough, is that they all agree that the role of the public libraries is to defend democratic rights.The final conclusion is that the material of this essay supports the opinion that the idea ofpublic libraries is stronger than the political differences in Vara and Kristinehamn..

During the time between 1660-1680 the nobility in Sweden came to be a gigantic landowner with 65 % of the total amount of land, but only 20 years later they lost almost half of their possessions. The eighteenth century was on its way ? a period in history were ?ordinary? people started to question the nobility?s right to be excused from tax, at the same time as farmers and the ?middlegroup? started to appropriate more and more land from the nobility and the Crown.Through King Gustav III:s document of 1789, land became free to own to whoever it was ? except from the prime nobility?s land; but the Swedish Parliament followed the wind of change, and 1809/10 this land was also free to own. At the end of 1840, the nobility owned about 19 % of the land in Sweden, and the farmers and middlegroup owned 69 %. The tide had turned...But Öja parish showed a different development compered to the rest of Sweden.

The research on Ingmar Bergman is comprehensive, however, there is one aspect of his artistry that has been regrettably neglected ? his use of music. Music always played a huge part in Bergman?s life, and it was also a great source of inspiration. The music was a structural component in the creating process and he often referred to his films as pieces of music and his actors as musical instruments.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious disease with potential to implicate consequences on both the family and the sick. Nurses have a fundamental responsibility to relieve suffering, and also to offer support to both the individual and the family.Aim: To illuminate experiences of being a family member to a person with schizophrenia.Method: A systematic literature review was chosen. Nine articles were included. After having analyzed the results six categories were found.Result: The family members experienced the disease as fluctuating and stressful. Some felt ashamed for their sick family member and withdrew from the rest of the society.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe and painless diagnostic method. The patient may become concerned, suffer from anxiety and experience the examination as unpleasant. Detailed information and a good treatment can reduce anxiety and distress for the patient. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the patient?s experiences in connection to MRI, and to describe the patients needs for information and treatment.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious disease with potential to implicate consequences on both the family and the sick. Nurses have a fundamental responsibility to relieve suffering, and also to offer support to both the individual and the family.Aim: To illuminate experiences of being a family member to a person with schizophrenia.Method: A systematic literature review was chosen. Nine articles were included. After having analyzed the results six categories were found.Result: The family members experienced the disease as fluctuating and stressful. Some felt ashamed for their sick family member and withdrew from the rest of the society.