The question of direct citizen participation in politics and administration is a contestable one. Its proponents claim that it has positive consequences even for the more "traditional", representative democracy, since participation leads to an increased political knowledge and increased political interest, and thus creates a revitalised democracy. Critical voices have however been raised to the validity of this claim. Critics have also pointed out direct participation as problematic, because it leads to problems of political inequality: a difference of political influence between ? on the one hand, the citizens participating directly and those that restrict their political participation to voting, and ? on the one the other hand ? between the institutions, for example schools, that employ, and don?t employ this method of direct citizen influence.In this essay, these two points of criticisms are tested in the context of user-boards in elementary and secondary schools.

Title: The social relation between student & teacher in individual music education. The aim of this study is to examine the relevance of the social relation between teacher and student in instrumental tuition in non-compulsory music education. The method I have used is qualitative interview inspired by phenomenology. I have made interviews with four persons who have experienced individual singing/instrumental studies on several different levels. In this paper I wish to shed light on what people who have experienced many years of singing/instrumental studies are telling about the social relation to their former pedagogues.

AbstraktHaving influence over questions that concern us is a part of the society that we live in, where every individual have the right to make her voice heard (Danell, 2006). For many decades, the school has had many different ways to give the students influence. Rönnlund (2013) is giving a historical overview of the history of students influence and enlighten us how the influence has changed over time. The influence from the students is very important and it is the students right to make their voices heard about things that concerns their work environment but also to affect their curriculum. The education in school should be fitted to every individual student (Danell, 2006).   According to Aaron Antonovsky (2007) our wellbeing is based on that we all can take part and deicide about the things we are meant to do.

Title: Language Through Music. Music as a Motivator for Language Acquisition.The purpose of this essay is to examine what there is to gain by integrating music and language to promote language learning. Theory: Different theories will be presented to orientate music in history. Theories on the connection between music and language will follow and among others suggestopedi will be explained. Theories that will be presented point to positive connections between music and language concerning language acquisition.

The purpose of the study was to look into the subjects which the students express when they cry out to their recreation instructor, if there are similarities and differences in the subjects when they turn to their recreation instructor or when they instead turn to their teacher, which different roles and positions the students place their recreation instructors and the teachers in. I have used focused observations during three days in two different schools. Using the ideas of J.Butler on performative perspective, I´ve analyzed the way the students have positioned their recreation instructors and teachers through speech and actions. My conclusion is that students early on see hierarchical structures in school and help maintaining them..

AbstractThis study is based on qualitative interviews with five-year-old children from a nursery school and two teachers with great experience. The purpose with the interviews is to find out what knowledge these children have about the Right of Common and what the teachers think they need to find this knowledge.The children didn't know what the word Right of Common stands for but when they got more concrete alternatives they had good experiences. The two teachers had different opinions about what is the most important concerning the stays in the nature. Exercise meant a lot for one teacher. To have fun and to use all your senses were more important for the other one.

Grujic, Vladimir & Nilsson, Tatiana. (2006). En jämlik skola. En studie av hur samhällsklassrelaterade faktorer och könstillhörighet inverkar på elevers studieprestationer i grundskolan. (An equal school? A study of how social class related factors and gender affect the achievements of pupils in elementary school).

Business incubation is an important force of economic development but relatively unheard of in organization theory. This is partly due to the fact that in organization theory, meta-organization or the organization of organizations has been neglected or left lagging as much theorization has been focused on organizing individuals. With the growing number of business incubators, and meta-organizations in general, the need for understanding a relatively new type of organization is prevalent.This case study of the business incubator Global Business Labs Botswana (GBL) aims to clarify the organizational differences among meta-organizations and traditional organizations on a case level, as well as explain the underlying factors for these dissimilarities. With respect to the nature of this case study no general conclusions are drawn from the results. The inference, however, is that the organization of GBL and its incubated companies differs from the traditional organization in five elementary aspects: the weak hierarchical structure, the operational autonomy of its members, the strong focus on recruitment processes, the member identity and the lack of formal sanctions.

Undersökningens syfte är att studera hur historielärare på gymnasiet berättar om berättande. Studien grundar sig därför på intervjuer med gymnasielärare i historia. Intervjumaterialet kopplas sedan för det första till retoriska begrepp, för det andra till Thomas Ziehes pedagogiska teorier och för det tredje till Peter Gärdenfors bild av människan som mönsterskapare och meningssökare. Resultatet av undersökningen visar på att lärarna i sin undervisning använder retoriska grepp av olika slag. När de berättar om vad de gör, beskriver de det emellertid inte med retoriska termer..

Fokus i vårt examensarbete ligger på utvecklingssamtal med föräldrar och elever med annat modersmål än svenska. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur lärare förbereder utvecklingssamtal. För att ta reda på detta undersökte vi vissa förhållanden. Kallar läraren till möte eller inbjuder hon? Bestämmer läraren plats eller får föräldrarna vara med och bestämma? Hur får föräldrarna veta syftet med mötet? Verkar föräldern uppfattas som en jämlike/jämbördig till läraren? Vi delade ut enkäter på två skolor, en på skola A som ligger i en av Stockholms förorter och en på skola B som ligger i en större ort i Dalarna.

Alla har i varierad utsträckning egna erfarenheter av skolan, det medför att tankar och synsätt om den skiftar beroende på vem som tillfrågas. Lyhördhet, kommunikation och engagemang är grundläggande förutsättningar för samarbetet mellan hem och skola som i sin tur har stor betydelse för barnets skolgång. Skolan har under lång tid präglats av olika maktförhållanden som bidrog till att pedagogens auktoritet var given. Idag betonas vikten av att skolan och vårdnadshavare gemensamt är ansvariga för elevens skolgång, därmed blir det pedagogens personliga egenskaper som bygger auktoritet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur föräldrar till barn i årskurs 1-3 resonerar kring samarbetet mellan hemmet och skolan.

In this paper you can read about students? opinion of teaching in mathematics. The study is done with eight students that were interviewed. The study is based on 16 questions about mathematic teaching. The questions covered student participation, how teachers should be, if they think mathematics is important, which approach to take in lessons and how student best learn.

During my practical training period I observed that many of the students have a negative attitude against mathematics. I also observed that these students have a difficulty reaching the goals in the subject. In my opinion there are different factors that can be the reason to why these students experiences mathematics as a difficult subject in school. This is the reason why I wanted to find out which factors that lies behind the difficulties and how the pedagogues work to support these students. It is also significant that every single student get their rights to develop a positive attitude against mathematics and that the pedagogue supports the students in their development.The point with this degree project is to find out, with the help of three pedagogues, which factors that could lead to difficulties in mathematics with students.

"In the eye of the beholder- A didactic study of Swedish teachers and textbooks in history?s reasoning about nine eleven and its aftermath" by Emmy Johansson and Emma Svanström aims to show which picture both teachers and textbooks on elementary school and upper secondary school want to mediate on the subject. The study also strives to compare the teachers view with the textbooks.To achieve these goals the study uses materials from eight interviews and fifteen textbooks. The methods are a combination of interviews and textual analysis inspired by the scientist Elizabeth D. Herman.

Barn som närstående är en grupp som inte uppmärksammas tillräckligt i vården. Forskning visar att de inte synliggörs, informeras eller görs delaktiga i vården trots att lagtexten ändrades den 1 januari 2010 (SFS, 1982:763) och (SFS, 1998:531). Lagtexten klargör barns rättigheter till information, råd och stöd och att vårdpersonal har ett ansvar och en skyldighet att uppmärksamma barn som närstående, de skall även samverka med andra berörda organisationer och samhällsorgan när barn riskerar att fara illa (Socialstyrelsen, 2010). Syftet med studien är att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av hur barn som närstående till anhörig med svår fysisk/psykisk sjukdom, skada eller avlider uppmärksammas i vården. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ studie där 6 stycken distriktssköterskor intervjuades.