This thesis analyzes the effects of export subsidies on Swedish cereal export. The analyzes are based on data on cereal export from Sweden to countries outside the EU from 1990 to 2003. In 1995 Sweden became a member of the European Union. Before the membership, the Swedish agricultural policy was decoupled in a larger sense than the European CAP was, which means that the Swedish producers had decreased their production more than the European farmers. When Sweden became a member of the EU the production started to increase again to an EU level.

The purpose of the thesis is to compare Sweden's and Great Britain's total costs for their systems regulating producer responsibility for waste packages. Producer resonsibility is a strategy implying that producers are responsible for their waste also after its use. Sweden and Great Britain introduced different systems systems after an EU directive was adopted in 1994 (94/62/EC), and they have resulted in entirely different recycling levels in the two countries. In the Swedish system, responsibility has been delegated to the industry who are responsible for reaching the determined goals. The economic instrument used is a fee, set and managed by the industry. The British system is more centrilised, and the economic instrument used to finance recycling of waste is a system based on transferable permits. The thesis compares the four different alternatives: delegated and centralised methods, and fees and transferable permits analytically.

Fair trade har vuxit fram med en otrolig fart de sista åren och frågan är hur detpåverkar producenterna, om det existerar något sådant som rättvis handel och ommarknaden kan fortsätta växa? För att diskutera dessa frågor presenterasnationalekonomiska modeller, argument för och emot fair trade samt ett antalfallstudier i ämnet. De modeller som tas upp är H-O modellen tillsammans medStolper-Samuelsson teoremet. De visar att fair trades framgång beror påefterfrågeelasticiteten av produkten i fråga.Fair trade har en speciell marknadsstruktur och där olika typer av spelaresamverkar. Det finns en konflikt mellan de som anser att fair trades ?rätta? värdeförstörs av att livsmedelsbutiker och stora multiföretag börjar sälja fair tradeprodukter och de som anser att fair trade bör kunna nå människor genom så mångakanaler som möjligt.

The aim of this essay was to understand how teachers identify and deal with the problems surrounding economic vulnerability among their students.  A qualitative study method was conducted by seven semi-structured interviews with teachers from a big city in Sweden. When analyzing my result I found support in Goffman's stigma theory as well as in previous research. The teachers identify economic vulnerability amongst their students through their material belongings, when the class does something extraordinary, and through how the students communicate. Problems that the teachers can see in the classroom for economically disadvantaged students are that they can be aggressive, unruly and become introverted. Problems with studies and shoplifting are also common.

The soil acidification and the pH-value of the soil have been discussed for many years. Many observations of the tree species effects on the soil pH have been done. We have discussed the effects on the soil surface pH-value with a birch (Betula spp. L.) admixture in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L.).We have used data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. We have also discussed how the wood production and the biodiversity can be increased in mixed stands, in according to the Swedish forestry act Skogsvårdslagen. Our sampling areas are located in Norrland, Sweden. The results show a significant correlation between an increased birch admixture and an increased pH-value of the soil.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate possible links between short selling and the stock market movements using econometric test models. Methodology: A quantitative study carried out on the time series stock lending and OMX Stockholm 30 index. Information is gathered through qualitative interviews with specialists in the field of stock lending, and studies of relevant newspaper articles and reports. Theoretical approach: The theoretical frame of reference is a further consideration of supply and demand theory. The empirical study is implemented by the simple linear regression model and a vector autoregressive model (VAR).

This Bachelor Thesis is entitled ?Swedish parental leave and gender equality. Effects on women?s conditions on the labour market?. Through our empirical results in conjunction with economical and sociological theories, this Bachelor Thesis attempts to answer the questions: 1) Why are the claims for Swedish parental leave unevenly distributed between men and women? 2) Does the uneven distribution result in discrimination of women on the labour market? 3) How do different designs of parental leave scheme influence women?s conditions on the labour market and which possibilities are there to change these conditions through changes in the design? We make use of case studies from Denmark, Iceland and Great Britain, which work as basis for policy implications for the Swedish parental leave scheme.

En anledning till varför vissa grupper av individer födda i Sverige med utländsk bakgrund har en svagare arbetsmarknadsposition än individer vars föräldrar är födda i Sverige kan vara att de har en negativ bild av möjligheterna på arbetsmarknaden och därför avstår från humankapitalinvesteringar som skulle öka deras faktiska chanser. För att undersöka om så är fallet krävs en kartläggning av individers bild av arbetsmarknaden och av deras arbetsmarknadsstrategier. Syftet i den här uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida ungdomar födda i Sverige med utländsk bakgrund har en bild av arbetsmarknaden som stämmer överens med den bild empirisk forskning ger oss. I uppsatsen intervjuas åtta ungdomar och resultaten jämförs med empirisk forskning. Både vad gäller hur det ser ut och varför har ungdomarna i flera avseenden en korrekt bild av arbetsmarknaden.

This investigation indicates that there are regions within Europe that seems to have similar preferences and priorities regarding pike angling travels to Sweden. Swedish pike angling facilities process in first hand markets with favourable economic circumstances and a cultural interest for pike angling. There was a big differences in features between the Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern regions of Europe. They also seems to be tied to specific regions within some of the nations.The regions have diverse requirements and distinguish in terms of consumption and preferences regarding different aspects of pike angling. From there it is possible to divide pike angling tourists into segments.

The aim of this study has been to, through a couple of chosen theories, examine in what way and for what purposes Japan has used its international aid system, How can the nation have been said to have implemented and acted in lines with the philosophies and principles set forth in the ODA declaration. What approaches, concerning positive and negative aid sanctions in the matters of aid to Cambodia and Burma, have been chosen and what have the motives for these choices been. What have been the determining factors of the outcome related to these sanctions - economic, political and/or matters of identity? I have found that a concern for possible decrease in economic profit and investment related areas, combined with a feared loss of political prestige and worsened diplomatic relations to the neighbouring countries in the Asian society, have come to overtrump the notion of advocating democracy, human rights, environmental and anti-militaristic issues..

During the later part of the 20th century the amount of children and adolescents in Sweden who reported psychosomatic illness have greatly increased. The main reason is estimated to relate to weak resources in school and school healthcare. Increased resources do not always have to encompass investments for school and school healthcare. Other resources play an important part as well. A child?s domestic situation serves as one of those resources where fundamental knowledge and values are set.

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka huruvida Sveriges officiella CO2-data från trans-portsektorn är internationellt rimliga åren 1990-2004. Sverige har uppvi-sat en internationellt lyckad reduktion av CO2-utsläpp samtidigt som Väg- och transportforskningsinstitutet visar att Sveriges CO2-utsläpp från vägtrafiken kan vara dubbelt så höga som rapporterat. Metod: Undersökningen sker genom en jämförelse mellan Sverige, Danmark, Norge, Spanien och USA. Ekonomisk tillväxt sätts i relation till CO2-utsläpp och transportsektorns utveckling och ländernas personbilsparker undersöks. Tyder ingenting på missvisande data torde Sveriges lyckade CO2-minskning vara ett resultat av effektiv miljöpolitik.

Utländska direktinvesteringar tillskrivs en allt större betydelse för ekonomisk tillväxt och de flesta länder vidtar åtgärder för att öka andelen inkommande direktinvesteringar. Samtidigt har det varit svårt att få fram empiriskt förankrade resultat som stärker dessa antaganden. Syftet med följande uppsats är att utreda om, och i så fall genom vilka kanaler, ekonomin påverkas av inkommande direktinvesteringar från utlandet. En tillväxtmodell med kapitalackumulation och kunskapsbaserade spillover-effekter utvecklas utifrån teoretiska antaganden om att utländska direktinvesteringar påverkar tillväxten genom kapitalackumulation, spridning av teknologi och andra kunskaper sompåverkar faktorproduktiviteten, samt ökad konkurrens. Modellens empiriska förankring testas med hjälp av regressionsanalys, vilken undersöker hur inkommande direktinvesteringar påverkar ekonomisk tillväxt.

This master thesis examines sport habits among young people and a view of their future in sports. Research has shown that the majority of youth leave sport clubs during adolescence. The thesis questions were: How physically active are young people? Which sports do they practice? Regarding their future in sports, what kind of aspirations do the young people have? Are there any barriers that could complicate their involvement in these activities? These questions were examined by analyzing if there were any differences between boys and girls, youth in different grades and youth with Swedish or foreign backgrounds. Pierre Bourdieu´s theoretical framework about sports and economic capital has been used as a research framework.

Uppsatsen undersöker förekomsten av politiska budgetcykler i Sverige under perioden 1973 till 2002. En politisk budgetcykel sägs uppkomma om regeringen, med hjälp av till buds stående finanspolitiska instrument, systematiskt försöker expandera ekonomin under valår, i syfte att maximera andelen röster vid riksdagsvalen. I den modell som utgör undersökningens teoretiska ram, ursprungligen utarbetad av Kenneth Rogoff, betraktas valårens expansiva ekonomiska politik som en signal till väljarkåren att regeringen är kompetent nog att fortsätta regera. Den empiriska undersökningen genomförs i två steg. Först skattas en popularitetsfunktion, som granskar hur regeringens popularitet påverkas av ekonomiska faktorer.