Då de flesta människor i Västafrika, framför allt de som bor innanför kustzonen, livnär sig på jordbruk så är pålitliga väderprognoser och säsongsförutsägelser ett viktigt hjälpmedel i det dagliga arbetet och planeringen. I den här rapporten har en litteraturstudie gjorts för att öka kunskapen om de komplexa, både lokala och storskaliga, väderfenomen som ger upphov till nederbörd i området. Klimatet i Västafrika, ett område som mestadels täcks av regnskog eller savann, präglas av den västafrikanska monsunen som ger regnperiod under norra halvklotets sommar och torrperiod på vintern. Denna monsun visar på stor årlig variation när det gäller dess inledande faser, och prognoser som kan förutsäga dess början är nödvändigt när en jordbrukare ska planera säsongens verksamhet. Av många bidragande faktorer framgår det tydligt att ytvattentemperaturen i Guineabukten är en av de viktigaste parametrarna för monsunens startskede. Den intertropiska konvergenszonen, ITCZ, betraktas som monsunens nordligaste del och denna konvergenszon gör en plötsligt och relativt snabb förflyttning norrut, i fortsättningen benämnd som språnget, över ca 5 breddgrader, vilket av många ses som starten på regnperioden.

Växthus används för att ge ett bättre odlingsklimat åt grödor och växter. För ytterligare förbättring av förhållandena används växthusvävar som exempelvis kan reglera temperatur, fuktighet och ljustillförsel. Väven som behandlas i denna rapport är en så kallad energiväv som främst har till uppgift att minska energiåtgången vid uppvärmning.När väven är fördragen nattetid, ökar luftfuktigheten då grödorna avger fukt dygnet runt. Fukten kan kondenseras mot energiväven, vilket gör att det bildas droppar på väven som kan falla ned på växtligheten. Den höga luftfuktigheten kan medföra svampsjukdomar och i övrigt också bidra till att tillväxten avstannar.

The climate changes that are occuring in the world have resulted in that the EU callingfor a 20 % reduction in energy consumption to the year 2020, to reach that goal theEU want the public sector to go forth as a good example. Västfastigheter owns andmanage the hospital buildings in the Västra Götaland region. To be able to reducetheir energy usage Västfastigheter has hired several consulting firms to chart out theenergy consumption on each hospital building. The biggest energy savings potentialhave been calculated and what the cost will be to perform each action. The energyaudit have been completed and stand as the decision basis for Västfastigheter?s choiceon which action packages that should be implemented.

The review of Integrated green spaces in urban areas ? A case study of inner Brisbane highlight the significance of addressing characteristics, qualities and landscape values in our outdoor environment. The importance of green spaces to the wellbeing of people in the city and the ecological, social and cultural values they carry are widely recognised in the field of urban and regional planning. At the same time population growth, climate change and urban development put planners and scientists in a challenging position where new solutions must be put on the agenda in order to accomplish sustainability. Open space strategies, collaboration between stakeholders, public participation, learn from earlier failings and a ?value-led? approach facilitate the managing of open space. Brisbane is located in the fastest growing metropolitan region in Australia. The city´s open space landscapes offer cultural, geographical, recreational, social and scenic amenity assets, which make a major contribution to the regions identity they a wide world known for.

Närproducerad odling är en trend som växer sig allt starkare och visar sig bland annat i form av stadsodlingar på tak och balkonger. Då det är begränsat med utrymme att odla på i städer är vertikala odlingar en alternativ lösning.I den här rapporten presenteras ett gestaltningsförslag av ett vertikalt växthus som ett bostadskomplement. Gestaltningen, byggtekniken och klimatet i växthuset är de områden som präglar dess form och tekniska lösningar.Växthuset har placerats på Haningeterrassen, ett bostadsområde under planeringför vilket olika skisser på kretsloppsanpassade växthus har tagits fram. Syftet var att ta fram ett förslag på hur ett växthus som bostadskomplement kan utformas, anpassas till platsen och bidra till en grönare stadsdel. Genom en platsanalys har ett lämpligt flerbostadshus valts som referenshus för projektet.Arbetet resulterade i ett förslag på ett vertikalt växthus som har kopplats till bostadshuset och ger de boende ett växthus i direkt anslutning till sin lägenhet.

The Swedish Animal Welfare Act say that all milking cows must have access to pasture in summer time. That was a gift to Astrid Lindgren o her 80th birthday from the Swedish Government. Sweden is a predecessor in animal welfare, but how well do we live up to these big expectations? In this thesis I will examine how well the pasture for milking cows works. I have been interviewing farmers with milking cows and people in the business. I have also been searching information on Internet, and using the library of Alnarp. Cows that are kept on pasture are exposed to different kind of parasites, but on the other hand they run a smaller risk to getting acetonemi, pareses and udder infection. Veterinary Pierre Nordmark means that cows on pasture are more healthy then cows kept inside all summer.

The sun is essential to life on earth and no matter where you are, there is a constant need ofenergy. Nearly 800 000 years ago man learned for the first time to use fire in a controlled way.Since then, fire has given us the opportunity to inhabit places despite a cold climate. In Swedenthe resident sector accounts for a major part of the total consumption of energy. In a time whenenvironmental issues and greenhouse effects are increasing, we also see a future of rising energyprices. With this perspective, we have in this bachelor thesis in the Building Environment at theRoyal Institute of Technology, KTH, in Stockholm decided to focus on the renewable energysource, solar energy.The energy from solar radiation is a free resource and does not have any negative effects uponthe environment.

The climate changes that are occuring in the world have resulted in that the EU callingfor a 20 % reduction in energy consumption to the year 2020, to reach that goal theEU want the public sector to go forth as a good example. Västfastigheter owns andmanage the hospital buildings in the Västra Götaland region. To be able to reducetheir energy usage Västfastigheter has hired several consulting firms to chart out theenergy consumption on each hospital building. The biggest energy savings potentialhave been calculated and what the cost will be to perform each action. The energyaudit have been completed and stand as the decision basis for Västfastigheter?s choiceon which action packages that should be implemented.

The release of green house gases and the environmental impacts humans have on the environment are huge and might cause irreversible changes to our earth. Meat is considered to have large impacts on the environment, especially beef meat and therefore there have lately been considerable discussions on the sustainable level of meat consumption and production. The main goal with this thesis is to study sustainable meat production and meat consumption in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. Indicators for sustainable meat production and meat consumption were developed and applied on three cases. Interviews were carried out with a municipality in the region that represents the consumer and three beef farmers that represents the producers.

Föreliggande studie tillämpar diskursanalys i syfte att förstå var det råder samstämmighet eller konflikt kring huruvida Sverige ska sälja, spara eller annullera överskottet på utsläppsrätter inom EU:s och FN:s utsläppshandel. Genom kritisk diskursanalys har vi kategoriserat och kodat tio riksdagsdebatter mellan åren 2010 och 2014, i vilka en ekologisk diskurs och en ekonomisk diskurs kämpar om tolkningsföreträde. Bortsett från samstämmigheten att handel med utsläppsrätter ? vilken kan ses som ekologisk modernisering ? är ett viktigt verktyg för att minska klimatförändringar; råder öppen kamp kring hur ett överskott på utsläppsrätter ska hanteras. Kampen har delats in i sju kategorier baserat på huruvida: 1) ett beslut om annullering kan tas direkt eller om det krävs en utredning först, 2) en annullering är en symbolisk handling eller styrs av marknadens logik, 3) en försäljning leder till ökade utsläpp, 4) på vilket sätt överskottet ska fungera som förhandlingsstrategi under klimatmöten, 5) Sverige förlorar sitt klimatanseende vid en försäljning av överskott på utsläppsrätter, 6) utsläppshandeln i högre grad borde styras av politiker eller marknadsmekanismer, och slutligen 7) huruvida överskott på utsläppsrätter bör ses som ett lyxproblem.

The effect of climate change places demands on how we build cities. Cities have to be built denser to meet the objectives of sustainability but as a result of this densification city green areas are at risk of exploitationand disappearing. The question this raises is whether there has to be an opposition between a dense and a green city?Urban trees are playing a very important role in cities. They stand as the major part of the vegetation in citieswhich are otherwise dominated with concrete and stone.

A Biogas plant in SLU?s (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) management sustains to behave in con-nection with the new animal stables at Lövsta. There will primarily manure from stables that rot to biogas. The biogas plant will also have the capacity that rot others substrates that can arise in the farm operation. The aim with the biogas plant is to produce non fossil electrical and gas heat for own customs, to reduce smell impact from stables and to make possible different types of research investments within the area.This study has implemented multiple cases study of different investment scenarios.

Title: future demands for office spaceLevel: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Facility ManagementAuthor: Rickard Blomkvist & Nils WilanderSupervisor: Lars SteinerDate: 2012-05Aim:  to examine how property owners can develop their properties to suit modern business needs and requirements of the office space they rent. Although the property owners should reason for their commercial properties will be attractive to the market. Investigate how a modern office looks like and in what are the trends?Issues used:What should property owners do to meet the new requirements of modern businesses place on the premises?How does the new work in the companies they use their premises?What is a good office today? Method: we used qualitative interviews to get answers to the issues.Conclusion: Today's office buildings have to be flexible so they can be adapted to the current tenant. Market mobility is high and the property owner must be prepared for tenants leaving.

Background and problem discussionThe temporary employment industry has grown extensively during the past two decades since the market was deregulated. Companies today need to be flexible to meet fluctuating demand and economic climate in society which has made the market expand. When using employees not directly employed by the company there is a risk that long term effects appears that the companies have not thought of.Aim of studyTo create a model of what negative aspects companies should consider when making the decision to use temporary employees.Methodological frameworkThe study performed through an abdicative literature study and with an empirical data collection method of a qualitative approach where we interviewed five hiring companies and one temporary agency on the decision of hiring temporary employees.Frame of referenceProblem areas with the use of temporary employments were identified through four perspectives of the organization; the structural, human resource, symbolic and political perspective. The problem areas we address are organizational learning, motivation, risk of eroding human capital, belongingness and conflicts. These will be described and presented together with management control to counter the problems.EmpiricsThe empirics are focused on what aspects the companies of the study considered when making the decision to use temporary employment, what the companies? different reasons for using temporary employment are and what they do to minimize possible negative effects.Analysis and conclusionsCompanies use temporary employees mostly to become more flexible, both numerically and in their competence.

The large-scale soy cultivation has negative consequences for the habitat of local populations because of the intensive use of pesticides and the destruction of rain forests and eco-systems. GM soya, varieties are often used. The majority of Swedish people, however, do not want GM products in their food. It will be hard in future to ensure GM free food, particularly foods that come from countries where GM crops are grown on a large scale. It is very difficult to avoid cross- contamination when both GM and non-GM crops are grown in the same area.