The aim of this essay was to describe and analyse the use of snuff as a social activity. By accomplishing eight qualitative interviews with snuff-users I wanted to get a glimpse into their relationship to the snuff and find out in which situations and frames of mind the snuff-use alter. I also wanted to find out if age, class or gender has any affect in snuff-using. The interviews were analysed in a sociological perspective with help from Erving Goffmans and Joseph Gusfields ideas, among others. I found out that each snuff-user creates his own rituals and routines, but there are factors in daily life, which can change the use of snuff.

I samband med nytt avtal med SAKAB gällande prissättning på de strömmar som skickas till extern destruktion träder i kraft i oktober 2004 ökar fokus på att sortera rätt för att få lägsta möjliga pris. Prissättningen som tidigare var fast för de olika destruktionskvaliteterna övergick till att vara baserade på värmevärde och vattenhalt på innehållet i tankarna. Stora pengar kan sparas genom att pumpa rätt kvalitet till rätt tank då den totala destruktionskostnaden på Drug Substance Supply uppgått till 12-15 Mkr de senaste åren. Problemet har varit att man tidigare inte vetat vad man pumpat fel, därför genomfördes två pumpkartläggningsperioder där samtliga pumpningar till HSR (AstraZeneca:s lösningsmedelhanterings anläggning) loggades och sammanställdes. Kartläggningen användes sedan som underlag när strömmar som var ledda fel spårades.

Bakgrund: Alkoholberoende är en psykisk sjukdom med både hög förekomst och stor utbredning. Socioekonomisk status (SES) är ett begrepp som innefattar utbildningsnivå, yrkesstatus och inkomst (Statistikcentralen, i.d). Många olika faktorer såsom arv och miljö kan öka risken för att en person drabbas av ett alkoholberoende. Tidigare forskning är oense gällande sambandet mellan alkohol och SES.Syfte: Att kartlägga hur människor med olika socioekonomiska förutsättningar upplever sitt alkoholberoende och mötet med sjukvården.Metod: En explorativ design med kvalitativ forskningsansats som bygger på personers egna upplevelser och erfarenheter av fenomenet alkoholberoende.Resultat: Känsloliv och tillgänglighet var avgörande orsaker till att ett alkoholberoende utvecklades. Yrkeslivet kunde både bidra till ökad och minskad alkoholkonsumtion.

The aim of this degree project is to find out how people who have grown up in families with addiction problems have experienced their childhood and how their adult life has been affected by this. With the help of qualitative interviews with four grown up children to addicts, knowledge has been gained about what was experienced as problematic during childhood, what was beneficial and compensatory as well as how they feel today. The results have shown that their childhood was affected by a deficiency in the ability to parent, weak networks, adjusting, responsibility, a feeling of being left out and few positive experiences. Factors that have been protective are: important people, interests as well as attitude. In adult life many habits from childhood remain.

Stress is commonly found in society today. This paper aims to examine how work performance, cooperation and team spirit are maintained in demanding work environments. By studying two departments in a public hospital that practises addiction care, our findings suggest the following: If the experienced stress is mainly connected to challenge stressors, it has a positive effect on work performance. By organising work through mechanistic and organic structure, the handling of qualitative and quantitative stress is facilitated. As a consequence, first and foremost cooperation can be maintained, but also work performance and team spirit.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet substance that prevents blood coagulation in the arteries. It is an inactive pro drug that becomes activated after first-pass metabolism by the liver. The active metabolite of clopidogrel is 2-oxoclopidogrel, which is unstable therefore pharmacokinetic data is obtained by measuring the inactive metabolite clopidogrel acid in plasma. Clopidogrel is taken orally in tablet form. The aim of this project was to develop a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of clopidogrel and its metabolite in plasma. The method has been developed by optimizing the sample preparation.

The purpose of this paper was to study the various organisations that work with drug abusing homeless people in Lund. We have tried to compare the possibilities they have to change the way the homeless people look at themselves. The organisations that we have studied are Aluma, Diakonicentralen, the shelter Piletorp and the social welfare office.The methods used to collect data were interviews with professionals and homeless people as well as reading literature. We have used Ted Goldberg's (docent in social work at the university in Stockholm) theory. He writes that you have to be a significant other to persons with deviant behaviour to be able to help them become a part of the society and to change the way they look at themselves.

This essay discusses children?s rights and control and system of rules in HVB-homes that provide treatment for adolescences with drug abuse prob­lems or criminal behavior. The results of this study are based on interviews with four persons working in managerial positions on different HVB-homes and shows the difficulties of having a children?s rights perspective in a con­text where a higher level of control is necessary to protect the best interest of the child. The study suggests that the question of balance between children?s right and the need for controlling system of rules needs to be fur­ther dis­cussed to improve, and as far as possible guarantee that these adoles­cence receive best possible care and do not suffer unfair restrictions on liber­ties..

This work of investigation was to report how four study counsellors see upon the facts regarding the amount of admission, the students social surroundings and local designs for the Individual program (IV) at upper secondary school. Through interviews with four professionals set to guide the students at four different schools in the rural districts of Boden, Luleå, Piteå and Skellefteå, this has become a paper that describes how they see these young adults today. Different handicaps and diagnosis, troubles at home, pregnancy and even drug abuse tend to make you wonder how they possibly can get through school at all. Regarding local development within the program there are no strings of what to do but for every district to deside for themselves and this has led to different ?experiments? with students not mentaly fit for school at all.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att belysa problematiken kring dataspelsberoende och ta reda på hur unga män (killar) förhåller sig till detta. Vi ville ta reda på hur de ser på risken för att bli beroende på ett negativt sätt av att spela dataspel. Ser killarna det som ett allvarligt problem och har de några strategier för att inte påverkas negativt. Studien genomfördes i form av intervjuer i två fokusgrupper som bestod av fyra killar i varje grupp. Som grundläggande material för arbetet valde vi att använda oss av teorier om modernisering, stämpling, hyperverklighet och neutralisation.

Syftet var att undersöka riskfaktorer för grad av alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk ochför tungt alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk med fokus på familjefaktorer i ett svensktsampel av 14079 missbrukare. Deltagarna hade blivit intervjuade med AddictionSeverity Index (ASI) på 51 kommunala missbruks- och beroendeenheter.Gemensamma riskfaktorer för både alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk var missbruk isläkten och svårigheter i relationer till närstående. Mer alkoholmissbruk i släkten varassocierat till mer alkoholproblem och mer narkotikamissbruk i släkten till mernarkotikaproblem. Lägre ålder, mindre utbildning, att vara utlandsfödd och att hablivit utsatt för misshandel ökade risken för narkotikamissbruk. Högre ålder, bättreutbildning och att vara född i Sverige ökade risken för alkoholmissbruk.

The aim of present study is to evaluate the work of the employees within the Addict Care field, how they experience their struggle as well as the significance of the interaction between the client and the employees. It takes a great deal of effort when facing individuals with alcohol ?and drug related problems. The focus should be on the occupational and individual qualifications, while there is legislation, regulations and ethical guidelines to be followed. Intending to comprehend these issues better several interviews were made with six employees within The Administration for the Social Services and The Addict Unit in Växjö area.

In 1989 the United States choose, after years of conflict, to carry out a military intervention in Panama, to remove Manuel Noriega, convicted for drug dealing and for threatening the lives of the Americans living in Panama. The aim of this study is to examine whether George H. W Bush?s arguments for the military intervention comply with the principles of the just war.The method chosen for this study is a qualitative literature study, based primarily on secondary data. It is a case study with two complementing theories, the theory of the just war and the world system theory.The result showed that the American intervention both can be justified and unjustified following the principles of the Just War Theory.

This thesis deals with the concept of how price affects demand for a good by estimating various price elasticities of demand for snu sold in Sweden. Information was gathered on price development for snus and cigarettes as well as sales data from Swedish Match, the largest supplier of snus in Sweden. Income-, price- and cross-price elasticities were estimated based on log-log regression. Results show that snus is an inelastic good since the coefficient for price of snus was -0.536. This proved that a 1% increase in price causes a 0.536% decrease in quantity demanded.

The purpose with our essay was to describe and understand the treatment of the homehelp staff towards the elderly addicted caretakers within the care system. Both in a practical aspect as well as in an attitudinal aspect. In order to get the answers to our overall purpose of our essay, we had as a starting point the following questions:* What help is given to the elderly addicted caretakers?* Are the elderly addicted caretakers a stigmatized caretaker group?* What approach does the home help staff conduct towards the elderly addicted caretakers?* Is there a preparedness among the home help staff when it comes to as to whether or not a care taker has an addiction issue or not?When analysing the material we used a qualitative analytical method in order to understand the care givers treatment towards the addicted caretakers. We combined the interviews with the so called vinjett technique; furthermore we used various sociological theories as well as earlier scientific discoveries.The result of the essay was that elderly addicted caretakers are an exposed group.