Thinning is one of the most important silvicultural activities in middle aged forests, partly to minimize damages and partly because it leads to earlier harvesting revenues and increases the value of the remaining trees. There are many different indices used to describe stand density and thereby the need of thinning in forests today. Studies have shown that forest variables can be estimated with high accuracy using airborne laser scanning and it is likely that the method could also be used to estimate forest density indices. In this study, the possibility of using the forest density index ?H² to determine and map priorities for thinning operations for a forest area was examined.

Bakgrund: Alla företag utsätts för risk i någon grad. Ett exempel är flygbranschen, vars intäkter kan minska betydligt om kunderna inte längre vill besöka ett resemål pga. att det skett något obehagligt i området. Om företag, i sina årsredovisningar, inte informerar om vilka risker de utsätts för, blir investerarnas prognoser av framtida kassaflöden osäkra. Investerarna kommer då att kräva en högre riskpremie, vilket förstås är negativt för företaget.

This thesis investigates the underlying factors behind sexual risk-taking and non-risk-taking behavior with regard to Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) among adolescents in Lusaka, Zambia. The Qualitative Approach was used for data collection and analysis and using the theory of Social Construction, the author explains how different contexts and aspects in the Zambian Society, that is Traditional, Socio-economic, Political, etc., influence the sexuality or sexual behavior of young people in Zambia. Hermeneutics was used to interpret the meanings in the texts/transcripts acquired through data collection and from the author?s knowledge and understanding of the Zambian historical and cultural contexts within which the participants of the research were constructed. Max Weber?s Ideal Type concept was also used to explain that each young individual?s sexual behavior is uniquely constructed by societal aspects.

Stress and time pressure is more present in todays labor markets. In financial markets a securities broker is forced to take decisions on investments under high cognitive load and under extreme time pressure. The research of decision under risk gained new ground with the development of the prospect theory and gave us new insights to the decision making of men. Prospect theory has shown that people are risk seekers when dealing with loss decisions and risk avert when dealing with profit decisions. The value function are defined over gains and losses.

Socialstyrelsen har utformat ett index för ohälsosamma matvanor som är tänkt att användas nationellt inom hälso- och sjukvården. Kostindexet syftar till att identifiera vilka människor som har ohälsosamma matvanor och därför bör erbjudas kvalificerade rådgivande samtal för att få hjälp att förbättra sina matvanor. Studies syfte är att utifrån exempelvis ålder, kön och BMI kartlägga hur populationen inom slutenvården på ett akutsjukhus i södra Sverige besvarade Socialstyrelsens index för ohälsosamma matvanor under en specifik dag. Dessutom undersöks betydelsen av olika komponenter i indexet. Studiedeltagarna besvarade fyra olika enkäter, varav en utgjordes av Socialstyrelsens kostindex.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the occurrence of and the risk factors for falls and to  investigate level of fall-related self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in people living in community living, 75 years or older within Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A further aim was to identify predictive risk factors for falls. Design: A cross-section study with a descriptive, comparative and correlative design based on a questionnaire was used. Participants: The participants were recruited from Uppsala and Västmanlands county. A random selection on 525 individuals was done, from a population based sample, in the detailed municipalities.

Almost all people in Sweden have to visit a grocery store at some point, which are facing plenty of different kind of hygiene risks. They will face both employees and other customer - all of them are possible to give the innocent customer some kind of infection. Does the shopkeeper know this Maybe, maybe not. Nevertheless, there's a lot of work to do for a shopkeeper who wants to understand his customers. The shopkeeper needs to understand how to decrease the customers' risk perception, as well as how risk and media fits together.

A great number of empirical researches show that hedging is associated with higher firm value, particularly hedging interest rate and exchange rate. However, there is no clear support for value-added risk management hypothesis in the case of producers of commodities. Moreover, according to Shrand and Unal (1997), there are two types of risks, core business risks (or core risk) and homogeneous risks (or non core risks), which are based on a firm's comparative advantages with respects to the source of risk. Firm can earn economic profits for bearing core risks in which it has a comparative information advantage. Firm earn a zero economic rents for bearing non-core risks, where it has no advantage information than its competitors.

This essay deals with risk management and social risks, which have received increased attentionin recent years. Methods for dealing with social risks, for example within local Risk andvulnerability assessment (RSA), are currently under development. The purpose of this paper is toexamine if and how social risk can be quantitatively assessed and mapped using GeographicInformation Systems (GIS). The definition of social risk that the essay is based on states: "Theprobability of unwanted events, behaviors or conditions originating in the social conditions thathave a negative impact on the objects that are worth to preserve.? A number of social riskindicators that can be used for a spatial analysis have been operationalized based on thisdefinition.

Introduction: Interplay between all the different subsystems of the financial markets is currently considered as an important internal force in the market. In a financially liberalized economy exchange rate stability is a basis for a wellbeing stock market. If these interactions between all the different subsystems of the financial markets are not detected, this means that there is information inefficiency in the markets.Problem: Can we find any correlation between changes in currency, interest rate and bonds with the stock market index? If so, how do these changes affect the Stockholm Stock Exchange?Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine if there is any linkage between the interest rate, currency and bonds with the stock market. The researchers wanted to find out how these variables affect the stock market index OMX S30 which consists of the 30 largest companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.Method: This research has been based on a quantitative approach.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between feelings and visualizations of climate change. A case study was done on visualizations of climate change from a web page concerning climate change published by the Swedish newspaper Expressen and from the American photographer Gary Braasch?s web page ?World view of global warming?. The thesis is based on the article ?Emotional anchoring and objectification in the media reporting on climate change? by Birgitta Höijer.

The aim of this literature review was to suggest suitable index traits to use in the Swedish Sheep Recording Scheme for fertility and maternal traits. Since fertility and some of the maternal traits are not normally distributed advanced methodology is needed to calculate genetic parameters. Breeding is a tool to improve the economy of the farm and for the selection of breeders estimated breeding values (EBV) for important traits are of high value. In sheep breeding both lambs born and lambs weaned should be taken into consideration as well as the ewe?s maternal ability, which includes lambing ease, lamb survival, ewe behaviour as mother and the early growth of the lambs.

This report describes the process of translating Russian financial information in accordance with Russian Accounting Standards to IFRS, International Financial Reporting Standards. The author describes the two regulatory frameworks and reveals a number of risk factors in the process. These risk factors may affect the reliability of figures from Russian companies. The conclusion states some recommendations on how these risk factors can be managed..

Bakgrund: Kapital allokeras till produktiva investeringar på basis av uppskattad avkastning hos dessa och därför är det viktigt att kunna göra så rättvisande värderingar som möjligt. I praktiken är detta dock svårt eftersom många investeringar omgärdas av hög osäkerhet. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att ge ett bidrag till diskussionen om hur tillgångar värderas under speciellt osäkra förhållanden. Avgränsningar: Med tillgångar avses anläggningstillgångar. Med speciellt osäkra förhållanden avses situationer då variabler som framtida kassaflöden och tillgångens livslängd inte är kända.

Umeå Universitet är en av Umeås största arbetsgivare med 4200 anställda. Sjuktalen totalt för Universitetet har varit och är fortfarande låga, runt tre procent. Den äldsta åldersklass har dom högsta sjuktalen, med stöd av den informationen beslutades om satsningar på äldre arbetstagare. Universitetshälsan (fhv) fick i uppdrag att erbjuda hälsokontroller, under tre år, till alla anställda som fyller 55 år.Vid hälsokontrollen mättes den upplevda arbetsförmågan med arbetsförmåge index (AFM-index) För att bedöma arbetsförmågan hos undersökta 55-åringar i relation till övriga åldersklasser vid universitetet skickades enkäter med post till tjugofem män och kvinnorfödda ?46, -56 samt ?61.Resultatet av undersökningen visade att upplevda arbetsförmågan låg högre för alla åldersklasser hos båda könen jämfört med den referens som AFM manualen innehåller för jämförbara yrken.