The literature on spelling and spelling development suggests there is a strong relationship between spelling and phonology (Bruck & Treiman, 1990; Caravolas, Hulme & Snowling, 2001; Craig, 2006; Gindri, Keske-Soares & Mota, 2007). Spelling, however, is considerably less researched than reading (Caravolas, Humle & Snowling, 2001). Spelling difficulties are known to be more persistent in people with reading and writing disabilities, even when their reading has become acceptable (Høien & Lundberg, 1999) but more research is needed in this area. Assessment and detailed knowledge of the difficulties is of great importance in order to provide the appropriate help for children with reading and writing disabilities (Frisk, 2010; Magnusson, Nauclér, & Reuterskiöld, 2008). The purpose of the present study was to develop and try out a phonologically based spelling test for children, with focus on medial phonemes.

Min tanke bakom undersökningen är att betygsättning och olika former av bedömningssätt är frågor lärare måste ta ställning till i utövandet av sin yrkesroll, från ett makt- och elevperspektiv. Som lärare har man makten att öppna respektive stänga dörrar för elever, då betyg blir avgörande för elevernas vidare utbildning. Mina frågeställningar är: Vad berättar medieelever om sina upplevelser av att bli betygsatta i media- estetiska ämnen? Hur beskriver medieelever att betygsättning inverkar på deras självbild? Mina informanter går i årskurs 3 på en medieinriktning, på ett estetiskt gymnasieprogram. Med dem gör jag intervjuer där de reflekterar kring att få betyg i media-estetiska ämnen.

Sammanfattning Uddling, Christin (2013). Betyg i grundsärskolan belyst ur ett elevperspektiv (Grades in special schools from a student perspective). Speciallärarprogrammet inriktning utvecklingsstörning, Institution: Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Fakultet: Lärande och samhälle, Malmö högskola Nyckelord: betyg, bedömning, grundsärskolan, kunskap, lärande, utvecklingsstörning. Problemområde: Bedömning och betygsättning i grundsärskolan är ett relativt outfors-kat område och den forskning som har gjorts har i liten utsträckning fokuserat på det pedagogiska arbetet (Berthén, 2007). I stället har utmaningen med integrering samt särskoleelevers samspel med varandra studerats (ibid.). Det finns forskningsrapporter och examensarbeten som belyser bedömning och betygsättning i grundsärskolan och grundskolan, men dessa är belysta ur pedagogernas perspektiv. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur elever i grundsärskolan upplever betyg och vilken betydelse betygen har, belyst ur elevernas perspektiv. Metod: I studien har jag utgått från ett kvalitativt perspektiv.

Fertility is of central interest in the dairy production but has during the last decades declined. Increased milk yield has resulted in high pressure on the metabolism of the dairy cows that are supposed to manage the transition from dry cows to lactating cows within a few weeks around the parturition. Much indicate that metabolism and fertility are closely linked, with insulin playing a substantial part. There are many studies suggesting that the main part of gestation loss can be found during the early embryo development, a period which can be studied in vitro. The aim of this study was to test the effect of insulin during maturation in vitro and to evaluate two different fluorescent stainings on oocytes and embryos; a nuclear stain and a staining of apoptotic cells through the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-method. Bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes (n=991) were aspirated from abattoir-derived ovaries.

Boberg at Scania CV AB. The purpose was to investigate the technical and customer oriented possibilities for the development of a transport security measure against cargo crime, which is a growing problem in Europe. The main goal was to develop a concept that is possible to implement in the Scania CV AB Fleet Management System. Another goal was to develop a security model that will be used as a tool during Scania CV AB?s future development projects of transport security concepts.The work was divided into three main parts: a background study, handling cargo crime, transport security Scania CV AB trucks and market analysis, a stakeholder investigation including a questionnaire and interviews, and a concept development session.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Trans fatty acids from ruminants - and its effect on blood lipidprofile in healthy men and womenAuthor: Sophie Berg and Sara KarlssonSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2012BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Sweden. It is well known that thereis a link between high consumption of industrial trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease, buthow natural trans fatty acids affect us remains uncertain.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to, based on the currently available scientific evidence, concludewhether an intake of trans fatty acids from ruminants generates an effect on the bloodlipid profile of healthy men and women.Search strategyRCT articles were obtained through searches in databases such as PubMed, The CochraneLibrary, and Scopus. Keywords used were "ruminants" AND "Cholesterol" AND "Trans FattyAcids" and "ruminants" AND "Blood Lipids" AND "Trans Fatty Acids".Selection criteriaInclusion criteria were RCT studies conducted on healthy people who did not receive medicationfor hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the results were to be based on fasting blood samples, where atleast ten hours of fasting preceded the analysis of the blood lipids.Data collection and analysisThe search generated eight studies. These were graded according to SBU:s Granskningsmall förrandomiserad kontrollerad prövning, after which four studies were selected.

Bakgrund: I dag har 220 miljoner människor diabetes världen över och 90 % av dessa har typ 2 diabetes. Sjukdomen föregås alltid av en insulinresistens och eftersom den har en koppling till oxidativ stress är en teori att spårämnet selen kan spela en viktig roll. Det är känt att selen har antioxidativa effekter i kroppen och tidigare djurstudier har visat att selen skulle kunna härma insulinets effekter samt öka insulinkänsligheten.Syfte: Att ta reda på om selen kan skydda mot utvecklingen av typ 2 diabetes. De frågeställningar som användes var om selensupplementering, selenintag via kosten eller selenstatus i blod kan påverka risken att utveckla typ 2 diabetes hos friska individer.Sökväg: Datainsamlingen genomfördes i den medicinska databasen PubMed med sökorden ?selenium AND diabetes mellitus type 2?.

This essay examines the decline of reading comprehension in Swedish schools, and also aims to provide insight into the debate concerning a literary canon and its usage in schools. While some claim that the literary canon is only a list of irrelevant white dead men which only serves to perpetuate feelings of alienation in, for example, female students, others see it as a means to bring society together using the only literature that stood the test of time. This essay will look to studies concerning reading comprehension, and questions regarding reading habits which our own students answered. It will also explain the different viewpoints of both sides of the canon debate.There are several studies that show this decline in reading comprehension, PISA and PIRLS being the foremost of them. They point to a trend where the reading skills of boys are much worse than those of girls, a trend which still has not panned out.Bloom and the different researchers who are the basis for Verhaest's thesis are of the opinion that canonical literature serves a purpose in that it teaches students aesthetic literary values.

Interpret, concretize and set grades - Is it that simple? A study of similarities and differences in local grading criteria in music. The purpose of this study is to examine similarities and differences in local grading criteria in music at schools in a larger municipality in the south of Sweden. The research question is: How have schools interpreted national grading criteria locally and how do music teachers look upon the grading procedure? This study is based on an analysis of the grading criteria at ten schools.

As the quality of internationally competing horses is increasing, a debate concerning the breeding goal of the Swedish Warmblood horse has arisen. Some people claim that the breeding goal should be divided into two separate goals in the future; one for show jumping horses and another one for dressage horses. At the same time others claim that since the largest group of people using the Swedish Warmblood horse today is amateur riders, the needs of these riders should be taken into a larger consideration in the breeding program. The largest emphasis in this matter is on the horses? temperament. The objective of the study was to investigate what the majority of the Swedish horse people think about a variety of questions concerning today?s breeding goal of the Swedish Warmblood horse.

A common goal in practical forest management is to maximize the yield, measured in economical terms. When a forest stand is thinned a so called inoptimality loss can arise due to non-optimal decisions. This means that the selected management schedule results in a lower net present value than the optimal one which lowers the profitability for the forest owner. Holmen Skog uses the term tract which means an aggregation of stands made before a management action. A tract should be delineated in different tract parts in connection with pre-thinning planning if there is different bearing capacity within the tract, different thinning grades should be used or if the tract contains a weaker part that should not be thinned.

Statistik visar att fem procent av alla sjukskrivna i Sverige är lärare. Sjukskrivningar orsakade av den arbetsrelaterade ohälsan har under senare år alltmer även kommit att förknippas med psykosociala faktorer. Syftet med studien är tvådelat. Vi ville för det första undersöka hur grundskollärare anser att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön påverkar deras hälsa. För det andra ville vi undersöka om lärarna anser att lärarutbildningen har bidragit till deras förmåga att hantera den psykosociala arbetsmiljön eller om hälsofrämjande insatser behövs.

My own experiences as an upper secondary school teacher and the increase in research on masculinity in educational settings that occurred during the late 1990 emphasizing on the gender gap in achievement and grades is the point of departure for this thesis. The aim is to investigate how boys in upper secondary school are constituted and constitute themselves as motivated and achieving learning subjects. Another aim is to see what possibilities there are to form different teaching practices to create other possible positions for me and the pupils. The research questions are 1) How does boys´ construction of masculinity constitute how they see their own ability to be motivated and achieve in school 2) What significance do my shifting approaches and expectations on the pupils as well as teaching have on the boys constitution as learning subjects? To answer these questions I use a theoretical framework of feminist poststructuralist.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the sedation method had an effect on the screening result for hip dysplasia (HD). Another aspect considered was if the dog?s weight had an impact on the results. This study was a follow up on the results from an earlier study of sedation routines in Swedish dogs. The breeds included in this study were the same as in the earlier one; German shepherd, Bernese mountain dog, Boxer, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Golden and Labrador Retriever.

Policy document conversion in practice ? a qualitative study of five upper grade teachers approach to the 2011 policy documents in history.This essay examines five upper grade teachers approach to the new 2011 policy documents in the history school subject, as well as it?s impact on the teachers class room activities. Also, the study examines what factors have influenced this conversion process. Colleagues, the school management and the Swedish Skolverket (the Swedish school management organisation, controlled by the Swedish government) are in this study the main external influences that are studied. The study is carried out with an organisation theoretical approach, witch states that controlling the schools practical activities is hard, taking in to account a great variety of ?problems? that follow a teachers every day work.