The occurrence of small amounts of albumin in urine, microalbuminuria (MA), is used both in human- and veterinary medicine as an indicator for patients who have developing proteinuria. Proteinuria can be prerenal, renal or postrenal which is important to establish during an investigation. With conventional methods decreased renal function is not detected until 70 % of renal function is lost. The ability to detect and start a treatment earlier might reverse or slow the progression of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of Heska® E.R.D.-Health Screen?, a test for microalbuminuria in dogs, to detect albuminuria.

The aim of this study has been to examine how people with the chronic disease diabetes are seek-ing information about their disease. The study also look at the sources, which are mainly used, and the information behavior of the participants in this study. Especially in diabetes health care the idea of empowerment is central, which means that the patients need a lot of information to get know-ledge and become empowered. The study also examine the public library as a resource of health information, and for that purpose an examination of the OPAC catalog in two public libraries has been done, using the word ?diabetes? to illustrate the literature and other medias related to di-abetes.

Currently many organizations are transitioning from the traditional approach to the agile approach regarding systems development methods. It is evident that research has mainly focused on smaller organizations transitioning, whilst less focus has been given t0 larger organizations. We find this interesting and the purpose of this study is to gain a deeper and broader knowledge concerning the following research question: How is system development work affected by a change from traditional system development methods to Scrum in large global organizations. We also investigate how Scrum can be adapted to complex projects with an internal client. The study is based on a case study, which takes a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews for information gathering and was conducted on a major Swedish telecom company.

Sweden is a country that has made some progress in developing energy efficient solutions. The problem in Sweden is that many houses and apartment buildings are old and have inefficient ventilation- and heating systems. This energy is lost when systems are inefficient, which then results in huge economic costs. Luckily, more and more people are becoming aware of this, which means that Sweden is on track to become even better within energy efficiency.Energy use for the housing- and service sector amounts to 166 TWh of total use at 616 TWh. Without distribution and conversion losses, these figures show that the housing- and service sector accounts for almost 40 % of the country's total energy consumption.

Patienter med cardiovaskulär sjukdom kräver i många fall en livslång medicinering där följsamheten till den medicinska behandlingen ofta brister. Följden blir ett lidande för individen med ett försämrat hälsotillstånd. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde innefattar att förmedla evidensbaserad kunskap till sina patienter. Syftet är därför att belysa metoder till ökad följsamhet genom sjuksköterskans pedagogiska roll i samband med läkemedels behandling vid cardiovaskulär sjukdom. Vetenskapliga artiklar är sökta via databaserna Cinahl och PubMed.

 The sawmill industry is a relative fragmented industry that is in an economic upswing andwith a hard competition. The customers have high demands on their suppliers and the highcustomer demand make it necessary for the companies to make a streamlining in planningand production. For that reason it is very important that the planning- and productionprocesses aren?t to complex and with a simple structure.The purpose of this report is to study and map out a marked out part of a planning- andproduction process, from adjust works to final delivery, at a company in the sawmill industry.Different methods have been used for the report, among others interviews and subordinatedmaterial.We have mapped out a marked out part of the planning- and production process at theCompany. This part we have studied, and we have analysed the process it self and otherthings connected to the process.We see the planning- and production process in the Company as complex.

The purpose of this work is to do an investigation on the customers in the pharmaceutical sector; mainly general physicians who have taken part in the education events have any impact in their prescription behaviour after the participation in the program. The settings for this study are general practitioners in the Swedish market who have taken part in the education program held by Novo Nordisk in the treatment of diabetes disease. Methodology: The methodological approach adopted for this work is quantitative; using secondary data from the internal database from the company. The analytical model is tested through statistical analysis using the data?s obtained from the databases.

This paper gives an introduction to the theory of minimal surfaces. It is in- tended for undergraduate students with some basic knowledge of differential geometry and complex analysis.After defining the concept of minimal surface and giving a brief histo- rical survey, we look at some well-known minimal surfaces and a few of their characteristic properties. The connection between minimal surfaces and harmonic functions is discussed and the Weierstrass-Enneper represen- tation formulas are introduced. We also present Bjo?rling?s problem and give some examples. .

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) är ett samlingsnamn för en grupp inflammatoriska tarmsjukdomar och en av de vanligaste orsakerna till kroniska mag-tarmsymtom hos hund. Orsakerna till IBD är inte helt fastställda men tarmslemhinnans immunförsvar, bakterieflora, genetiska faktorer och miljöfaktorer anses vara centrala för tillståndet. En av de mest utbredda uppfattningarna är att sjukdomen uppkommer som ett resultat av bristande immunologisk tolerans som gör att immunförsvaret felaktigt går till attack mot harmlösa antigen. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att undersöka vilken roll Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) har i IBD, hur tarmbarriären påverkar risken för sjukdomen, vilka förändringar av tarmfloran som setts hos IBD-hundar och hur floran påverkar sjukdomsuppkomst. Litteraturen menar att en defekt tarmbarriär är en av de nyckelfaktorer som hör ihop med IBD. Ökad permeabilitet i tarmen kan öka exponeringen, och därmed interaktion, mellan antigen och immunförsvar vilket inducerar inflammation. Oavsett om en defekt tarmbarriär uppkommer som en effekt av sjukdomen eller om det är en direkt orsak till IBD så är det troligen viktigt för att det ska bli kroniskt.

In this thesis, three separate experiments have been performed on different aspects of the interaction between the causal agent of clubroot, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and its hosts. In the first experiment the pathotype of the P. brassicae single spore isolate, which is currently used to construct a reference genome, has been classified using the ECD bioassay. The disease severity of infected plants was scored according to two different scales and the pathotype was determined according to three previously published guidelines. The results were compared to previous published studies describing the e3 isolate. The life cycle of P. brassicae is not well understood.

The aim of our thesis was to describe how the connection between co-dependent relatives and the alcohol-dependent influences the family into changes in their teamwork.Our purpose was also to answer the following questions: How is it living with an alcoholic? Are there any differences in how men and women feel and behave in their relationship with an alcoholic? Are factors like cultural belonging, genre or social class important for how the co-dependent relatives feels and behaves and handle their co-dependency?To answer these questions we made twelve thematic qualitative interviews with six adult children to alcoholics and six people married to alcoholics. We compared the results of these interviews with earlier research. We also applied System Theory and Goffman's Role Theory, as well as Bourdieu´s Capital and Habitus concept.We believe that co-dependency is a family divergence that is very similar to family disease, but that a change in attitude can trigger recovery. According to the interviews many spouses stand by their alcoholic husbands and do actions that perpetuate the alcoholic dependence and thereby hold back any recovery.

Issue of study: The development of technology and society is closely linked. Mutual dependency and complex interrelationships make straightforward analysis of issues regarding the future of technology and society hard to perform. Therefore, the study addresses the question of how organizations should describe and analyze the interactions of technology and society in order to gain a better understanding of what the future may bring. Purpose: ? To develop a method for analysis of the future course of issues regarding technology and society in interaction.? To apply and test the developed method through a case study, where it is used to analyze the future of the Russian fuel market.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the process and result of renovations in socioeconomic vulnerable areas affect the residents' right to housing; with a focus on women's experiences of their homes, their area, the housing company's apartment renovations. The study is conducted through two research questions: How do the women in L?vg?rdet experience their homes and the area? And how do the women in L?vg?rdet experience the process and the result of the renovations of the rental apartments? The methodology used is qualitative research interviews. The empirical material was gathered through qualitative interviews. Eight women living in L?vg?rdet have been interviewed.

The virus-mediated disease Rift Valley fever (RVF) was discovered during an outbreak in Kenya in the 1930s. Since then it has spread to most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, and in the last decades several outbreaks have caused economic and health issues in Africa, Yemen and Saudi-Arabia. The disease mainly affects domestic livestock, causing abortions, but is also a zoonosis. To be able to control the spread of the disease it is important with surveillance for better knowledge about the distribution and virus circulation even in inter-epidemic/epizootic periods. The human population is growing, and people and their livestock constantly move closer to areas with wild animals which act as reservoirs for different viruses. Also, humans and their animals often get within reach for arthropod vectors, hosting or carrying viruses.

The objective of this study is to understand how people with psychiatric diseases who are enrolled at a psychiatric clinic experience the recovery process and which internal motivations and external factors influence the process. The study is based on interviews with five people who have been enrolled at a psychiatric clinic. Another aim of the study is to understand how the importance of the outpatient care for the personal recovery and the improvement opportunities of the support from the rehabilitation unit that the interviewees see. The study is qualitative and abductive approach was chosen. This means that the study is based on empirical data supported by established theories.