Title: Pricing of IPO:s on the Swedish stock market Authors: Mikael Gustavsson Martin Kvist Henrik Wannberg Tutor: Anders Hederstierna Problem: There are certain sets of problems for underwriters when they are pricing potential stock-exchange companies. The problem partly consists of estimating the demand at an IPO and also to accurately value the business in comparison to the market. To set the price per share is problematic, since the company carrying out the public offering wants to optimise the amount of capital at the same time as they want the share to be subscribed in full. If the IPO would not be carried out, it could cause harm to the position of the underwriters. Purpose: To investigate whether underpricing exists associated with IPO:s on the Swedish market during the period 1995-1999. Method: The collection of data has been achieved by means of: Internet, E-mail and telephone calls. Conclusions: We have reached the conclusion that oversubscribing in comparison to the return at an IPO has an average growth of 3.3 per cent the first day, on every occasion of oversubscribing. For the studied population, including 138 initial public offerings, the average market value rise is 15 per cent the first day. When we made our calculations, adjustments have been made for the general index of Affärsvärlden (AFGX).

The thesis is about integration in the city and how integration can be improved through physical planning. Segregation can result in changing peoples? prerequisites in our society. Opportunities in life become dependent on what area of the city you live in or where you grew up. Integration denotes acceptance for all people, while different cultural and ethnic identities are preserved at the same conditions for everyone.

Tre parallella förlopp undersöks, dels den förändring som skett med köksrummet i nyproducerade privata kök i stadsbebyggelse under tiden 1960-2000, dels de tekniska hjälpmedlens och livsstilens betydelse för matlagningen under samma period.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur köksrummet, dess utrustning och livsstilen påverkat matlagningen mellan 1960 ? 2000.Två metoder har använts nämligen litteraturstudier och en intervju. Litteraturstudierna är av två slag, dels litteratur om kökets förändring livsstilen och dels en sammanställning och analys av fyra årgångar av vår kokbok. Intervjun har skett per mail.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att människornas livsstil och trenderna omkring dom har påverkat matlagningen och även nya tekniska köksapparater. Däremot torde köksrummets utseende han spelat en mindre roll för matlagningen.Slutsatsen är att de nyproducerade köken, under den period som undersökningen behandlat, har varit så stora och välplanerade att de inte kan ha hindrat för matlagningen.

Det finns bestämmelser i ÅRL att börsnoterade företag skall bifoga en kassaflödesanalys i sin årsredovisning för att redovisa en likviditetsförändring under året. Kassaflödesanalysen upprättas antingen genom den direkta eller indirekta metoden. De företag som följer IAS 7 uppmuntras till att tillämpa den direkta metoden, före den indirekta. Trots detta fortsätter en stor del av de svenska företagen att tillämpa den sistnämnda.  Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de bakomliggande faktorerna till varför svenska företag använder indirekt eller direkt metod vid redovisning av kassaflöden. Metod: Det är en deduktiv studie som testar teorin i praktiken, där fyra kategorier undersöks (Tradition; Go with the flow; Lämpligare info; Mindre kostsam).

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a direct shift inpostural alignment results in changes in voice source characteristics. Ninemales with untrained voices were recorded standing in ideal posturalalignment and in the deviant postures swayback and kyphosis characterizedby extended hips and a slump back respectively. The voice source wasderived from the audio signal by inverse filtering. The parameters pulseamplitude, maximal flow declination rate, level difference between the firstand second voice source partials, closed quotient and the normalizedamplitude quotient in relation to subglottal pressure were compared betweenideal postural alignment and swayback and kyphosis respectively. Resultsindicate an impact of changed postural alignment on the voice source.Swayback posture gave significantly less pulse amplitude and maximal flowdeclination rate and significantly higher subglottal pressures thus resulting ina less effective phonation.

The purpose of our research is to study how guidance counseling initiated by the students themselves differs between girls and boys in high school. We want to study if there are any differences between girls and boys regarding guidance initiated by the students themselves. We conducted a quantitative survey consisting of a questionnaire survey with 125 respondents. The respondents are second year students at the Science program. The result of the survey shows that there are hardly any differences between girls and boys regarding guidance initiated by the students themselves.

Deliberative politics offers a new and exiting way of overcoming the problems that the western democracy of today is facing. A lot of research in the most recent years have had the goal to replace the representative democracy with a decision-making frame built on decentralization and deliberation. The goal for this essay is to create a framework for local decision-making, based on deliberativ norms, that could work as a complement to the representative democracy instead of replacing it.During the recent years the so-called "brukarråd"; councils for the most common users of one special public service, has been a new way for the local government to get in direct contact with those who are most affected by changes and developments in the specific area of the public administration. In this essay I argue for that these councils should be designed so that they could house deliberative processes.After creating a model for the possible way of designing the "brukarråd" I compare the framework with the system that exists today. In this way there is a possibility to point out if there is a way to deepen the democracy within the already existing system..

The workplace has a direct impact on the physical, psychological, economic and social well-being of the workers. A healthy workplace leads to increased health among the employees which also makes the employees more productive (Källestål, 2004). A poor working environment can have negative consequences for individuals, companies and society (SOU, 2009:47).This is a qualitative study that investigates companies? view of health promotion and how they practice health promotion in working life. Five private and five public companies, with representatives from the management were interviewed.

Syftet med arbetet är att kartlägga hur en organisation arbetar med tillgänglighet för anställda med ett funktionshinder, samt vilka eventuella hinder organisationen stöter på i förbättringen av tillgängligheten inom organisationen. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning där vi gjorde sju enskilda intervjuer med olika personer inom organisationen. Vi intervjuade personer inom organisationen som var chefer och arbetar med arbetsmiljö och tillgänglighet samt även medarbetare. Vi fick även möjlighet till att intervjua ett par personer med funktionshinder. Resultatet visade att tillgängligheten är mycket god inom organisationen.

This report describes the design and construction of a prototype that automatically aims a microwave link towards a target. The link, that is located on a mobile aerial mast, is used by Saab Training Systems as a part of an infrastructure network. The report also discusses the development of a GUI that communicates with the control unit by Bluetooth.The control unit, called Pan/Tilt-controller, controls the position of the link by stepping motors. One motor controls the azimuth angle and the other one controls the elevation angle.By a GUI the operator enters the coordinates on its own position and the targets position. Hereafter a bearing is calculated and it will be sent up to the control unit.The control unit will sense its own direction by a magnetic sensor that works as an electronic compass.

Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera hur deltagarna av Kristianstads kommuns Ledarutvecklingsprogram upplevde utkomster av programmet under eller efter deltagandet och hur Kristianstads kommun kan utveckla sitt Ledarutvecklingsprogram. Kvalitativ metod i form av litteraturanalys och semistrukturerade intervjuer som därefter meningskoncentrerats har använts. Ett utsnitt av litteratur som behandlar traditionell ledarutveckling och alternativ eller komplement till densamma har analyserats för att ge en bas för vidare analys av intervjumaterialet. Sex deltagare har intervjuats. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och har återkopplats via mail för att säkerställa att varje deltagares utsaga dokumenterats korrekt.

The supermarkets are taking more and more market shares for potted plants the last years, and a greater part is bought without prior planning. Signals from several European countries, for example Denmark and UK, indicate that potted plants with added value have become more and more popular and the added value is based on present trends. The meaning of added value in this thesis is fancy pots, packaging, pins or arrangements. Potted plants with added value sold in supermarkets offer the consumer the advantage of getting a ?ready product? quick and easy.

Modern milk production have come a long way when it comes to accommodating the nutritional and physiological needs of the animals, but unfortunately the behavioural and psychological needs of cows and heifers are often left unfulfilled. A long time for eating is beneficial for the digestion and also gives the cattle something to do and decreases the risks for developing abnormal behaviours. An important factor that influences eating- and ruminating time is the particle size of the roughage. The aim of the study was to find out if particle size influences the behaviour of dairy heifers, in particular with regard to eating behaviour and abnormal behaviours. The study was conducted at Uddetorp farm high school in Skara. Forty-two heifers of the breeds SR and SF were housed in 8 slatted floor pens.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka förskollärares syn på barns bildskapande samt bredda min kunskap om hur pedagoger arbetar med bildskapande i förskoleverksamheten. Syftet var även att ta reda på vad pedagogerna vill uppnå med bildarbetet och hur pedagoger organiserar miljön i skapande aktiviteter. Jag ville också få svar på hur de intervjuade pedagogerna arbetar med att utveckla barns visuella kompetens. Metoden som användes i undersökningen var den kvalitativa intervjun och totalt intervjuades sex pedagoger, varav en via mail och telefon. Resultatet visade att pedagogerna var medvetna om att bildskapande är en viktig uttrycksform för barns allsidiga utveckling och de trodde att deras förhållningssätt påverkade barnens bildskapande. Pedagogerna menade att i arbetet med bild så var det viktigt att använda olika sorters material, att koppla ihop bildskapande arbete med barnens upplevelser och att ge utrymme för upptäckande med betoning på det fria skapandet.

The first official Islamic bank was established in 1975. The characteristic of an Islamic bank is that the bank is based on an interest free system. The interest free system is a requirement for an Islamic bank. The Islamic bank system is based on Sharia laws which are laws that are followed by Muslims and it is based on the text from the Quran. The Islamic Banks had a rapid expansion between 1993 and 2003, the expansion was about 23 percent and since 2003 have the expansion been about 20 percent.