Tidigare forskning är inte enig om aktivt förvaltade fonder presterar bättre eller sämre än index. Då hänsyn inte tas till olika nivåer av aktivitet tycks de flesta studier visa att aktiv förvaltning är en förlustaffär för fondsparare. Vi introducerar ett nytt mått på aktivitet, aktivitetsgrad, som utgår från de åtgärder förvaltaren vidtar. Aktivitetsgraden definieras av mängden och storleken på förändringar i portföljsammansättningen som sker under ett kvartal. Vi undersöker aktivitetsgraden hos 22 svenska småbolagsfonder mellan 2008 och 2013 och finner att de flesta fonder har en låg aktivitetsgrad.

This is a graduate work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Department of Urban and Rural Development, Ultuna. The purpose of this paper has been to find out and describe principles for designing parks that offers good recreational and aesthetical values and require little amount of carbon dioxide emissions during their maintenance. The purpose has also been to see if it's possible to use city wastewater in some extent to assure the plants water supply and to find other means to make it less necessary to use purified water for watering. Recently made studies as well as older ones show how important green areas are in dense city structures both from a health and a climate perspective. Trees and other plants adsorbs different forms of air pollution and can also lower the temperature in the surrounding area through their transpiration.

Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka de problem som kan uppstå vid en överföring av ett styrinstrument, innehållande Key Performance Indicators, från en organisation till en annan i samband med förvärv. Uppsatsen utgår från en fallstudie av ett företag i kemibranschen. I vår fallstudie använder vi ett abduktivt angreppssätt och en kvalitativ metod. I den teoretiska referensramen utgår vi ifrån teorierna om The Balanced Scorecard och Key Performance Indicators. Empiriinsamlingen har skett med semistrukturerade intervjuer..

The housing sector uses 40 % of the energy in Sweden and half of the electricity usage. Theuse of energy is the main reason to the increasing rate of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.This is the main motive but also a wish of higher safety, that is a higher rate of selfsufficientenergy production in Sweden, we want to decrease the need of using fossil fuel. Now whenthe energy price rise, the interest in energy issues increase and more people discuss thepossibility of reducing the usage of fossil fuel. A change to renewable energy such as sun,wind and water is the only solution where we can get a sustainable development.One way to contribute to a better use of energy is to build in the principle of passive house.The house is being built with a thick and tight insulation. If you use a heat-exchanger withhigh degree of efficiency and a final heating battery on the ventilation system, the heat fromlamps, devices and the ones living in the house should be enough to fulfil the criteria ofliving.

The eld of Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) concerns linking together an external device with the brain of a human or an animal. By doing this the conventional use of a mouse or keyboard can be circumvented, which can greatly benefit people with different types of diseases that cause paralysis or other loss of motor control, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A BCI can also be used for cognitive training of either healthy or mentally impaired subjects to increase cognitive capabilities.In this thesis an implementation of an interface is made against such a device, the Emotiv EPOC Headset. The result is meant to be a stable basis for further study using the device. An in-depth study of the history of EEG and its current use in clinical work and research in the topics of BCI as well as Human-computer interaction (HCI) is presented.

Varje år bildas upp emot 90 tropiska cykloner över de tropiska världshaven (Emanuel, 2013). Flera av dessa når landområden och kan orsaka förödande skador vilket gör cyklonerna till ett av världens mest fruktade väderfenomen. För att skydda oss - både direkt genom varning och evakuering, och förebyggande genom exempelvis ändrade byggnormer i drabbade områden - krävs mer kunskap om hur, vart och när cyklonerna bildas. Bildningsprocessen av dessa stormar kräver att vissa faktorer uppfylls, exempelvis vattentemperatur över ca 26 °C, låg vindskjuvning och utlösande processer. Det är ett faktum att klimatet förändras och att jordens medeltemperatur ökar.

The absence of female directors on Swedish corporate boards is currently a hot topic for both politicians and business leaders all over the world. This thesis aims to discuss reasons for the scarcity of women on boards in Swedish publicly listed companies as well as what actions are taken to alter the composition of these boards. A rigorous selection of gender theories have been used together with data collected from in-depth interviews with mainly board members and nomination committees. Extensive analysis has led to findings that historical perceptions of differences between men and women linger as of today, which prevents women to reach top executive levels as well as board positions. The increasing use of headhunters has encouraged companies to look beyond male-dominated networks in an attempt to widen the range of potential board nominees.

Since the end of the eighteenth century forest damage caused by the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina has been observed and documented. During the latest epidemic in Sweden more than 480 000 hectares forest land have been injured and this has lead to considerable economic losses. For the pathogen to succeed with infection, spore dispersal and colonization the right environmental conditions is required. The aim of this paper is to describe the diseased stands using site and stand characteristics and to evaluate the effect of these variables on the disease incidence. Further, the thinning performed during the time for spore dispersal and its relationship to injured stands is examined.

The purpose of this Masters thesis is to compare the scheme structure of two national classifications system, namely the Swedish SAB system and the German ASB. It has been assumed that there are no major differences between the two models of classification systems or the main classes into which documents are placed. The classification theory and subject analysis, which form the basic theory on which my research is based, are taken from Dahlberg, Langridge and Rowley. A comparison of 30 monographs classified in the SAB system Sveriges allmänna biblioteksförening and in the German ASB system Allgemeine Systematik für öffentliche Bibliotheken showed that the classification structure was primarily responsible for determining where a particular document was placed. However, despite the fact that the subject in various documents may be similar, my research will demonstrate that the structure of the two codes also depends on different interpretations of the main subject in a document.

AbstractThis bachelor thesis was performed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm on behalf of the Land Survey Authority. The thesis is about fish conservation and division of fishing water at official duty. It is the Land Survey Authority that examines division of fisheries, but before a case can be implemented, certain requirements must be achieved such as FBL 3:8, which prevent divisions that are deleterious for fish conservation. The purpose of this thesis is: to obtain a clearer view how FBL 3:8 should be applied in practice, how the application differs between the offices in central Sweden, and how fish care is regulated at both international and national levels.At an international level, in EU the commercial fishery is regulated through the common fisheries policy (CFP). The fisheries policy consists of a reform that will last for 10 years.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva prevalens av övervikt, fetma och undervikt hos 10-11-åriga barn under en fyraårsperiod. Detta gjordes genom att jämföra två födelsekohorter, 1989 och 1993 med fokus på könsskillnader och skillnader i socioekonomi (SES) definierat utifrån inkomst i fyra olika typområden. Studien utfördes i Stockholms län 2005 där SES-områden och skolor inom dessa områden valdes slumpmässigt. Antropometriska data från skolhälsovårdsjournaler insamlades från barn i skolår fyra. Vikt, längd och födelsedata erhölls från 2416 10-11-åringar födda 1989 och från 2183 barn födda 1993.

Fondsparandet har länge varit den dominerande sparformen i Sverige. Totalt ägnar sig hela 74 procent av Sveriges befolkning åt aktivt fondsparande, och andelen blir högre vid pensionssparande. Tendensen är tydlig, svenskar ägnar sig allt mindre åt att själva äga aktier och har i stället överlåtit sparandet till banker och fondförvaltare. Storleken på en aktiefond har stor betydelse för vilken strategi en förvaltare väljer. Tidigare studier har funnit att det finns skillnader mellan förvaltad fondförmögenhet, avkastning och risktagande.

Cuttings of Lonicera xylosteum L. were treated with willow extract to study the response in rooting capacity. The extracts were prepared by mixing chopped pieces of Salix x smithiana Willd. with water in a warring blender. The investigation comprised 2 types of salix extracts based on differences and dynamics between twigs in winter dormancy and twigs with new shoots. To explore the rooting response, three tests were made.

The purpose of this paper is to perform an in-depth analysis of how New Public Management reforms have impacted management practises in two publicly financed elderly care providers in Sweden. The paper studies one public and one private elderly care provider and analyses to what extent they have implemented New Public Management methods. The results are based on interviews with several persons within the two organisations and analysed using the seven New Public Management doctrines as described by Christopher Hood (1991; 1995). The major finding in the thesis is that the level of exposure towards New Public Management reforms differs between the two studied organisations where the private provider is exposed to the reforms to a greater extent than the public. The paper concludes that the main reasons for the low extent of exposure in the public provider could be attributed to the lack of measurable standards performance as well as the proximity to the political leadership..

A problem in the field of district heating is the oil burners needed to provide power when a peak load occurs. One possible way of reducing the needed amount of oil is to reduce the power demand for space heating in the district-heating substations when the need for district heating water exceeds a certain limit. This can be done by use of a locally working controller function.In this Thesis the options concerning load priority are evaluated. To evaluate the potential for using controller functions concerning peak load priority an experiment was brought out in a chosen district-heating substation. The impact on the indoor thermal comfort during a heat reduction was also taken into account.