ECG-Screening for young elite athletesAbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical activity is a frightening and emotional tragedy that draws huge media attentions when it occurs. Fortunately it is a relatively uncommon occurrence but happens nonetheless to young athletes who often seems to be in perfect health. SCD is used as a term for sudden unexpected complications on the cardiovascular system that leads to a deadly outcome normally within the first hour of onset of symptoms and the cause is some sort of underlying cardiovascular disease that gets triggered by physical activity.Normally athletes gets divided into two groups dependent on age, over and under 35 years, and this studies focus is on the younger group since it is often during this period athletes are at the elite level. It is also in this category the most unexpected sudden deaths occur that is not due to coronary atherosclerosis, which is the dominant cause of death, and drastically increases, for people over 35 years old.AimThe aim of this study was to scientific and unbiased analyze peer-reviewed clinical articles todescribe the pros, cons and cost to implement an ECG-screening as a standard before physicalactivities for specifically defined elite athletes.MethodA systematic review was performed and after all data collection 21 articles was chosen to beused as a base for both background and analyze. At the end 10 articles was fulfilling the criteria to be used at the analyze and later the results.ResultsThe implementation of ECG-screening has reduced SCD in Italy by 89 % between the years 1979-2004.

This study examines if the prediction of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients can be improved upon when renal function and microalbuminuria are added to the classical risk factors The predictive capability of a model is measured by discrimination, calibration, reclassification and Harrell's C.The results are ambigious. In most cases, microalbuminuria should be included in the model, but the results regarding the other measures of renal function are varied. Therefore, the selection of risk factors to include in the model depends on which measure of prediction one prioritizes..

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor bemöter och kommunicerar med patienter med demenssjukdom. Författarna använde sig utav sökmotorn Elin och databasen Cinahl. Använda sökord var: Dementia, Treatment, Care, Nurse*, Nursing, Communication i olika kombinationer. Till resultatet användes 17 vetenskapliga artiklar som var publicerade mellan år 2000 och 2010 och var engelskspråkiga. Litteraturstudien bestod av elva kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa artiklar.

Touch that is performed in a sensitive and gentle way can be a good complement in caring. To be stricken with illness can involve that the individual feels powerlessness and to have no control over the own body. This could lead to both psychical and physical suffering. To strength health is one of the nurses' responsibilities and to touch can be one way. The aim of the study was to describe patients' experience of the effects of touch.

Interaktioner mellan vilda herbivorer och nötboskap är väldigt komplexa. Bland nackdelarna väger överföring av sjukdomar tyngst. Uppskattningsvis har cirka 70 % av alla sjukdomar hos boskap (inklusive zoonoser) som uppkommit på senare tid sitt ursprung hos vilda djur. Sjukdomar kan spridas via direkta kontakter eller indirekta interaktioner (luft, kroppsvätskor, avföring, kött eller mjölk) mellan vilda djur och boskap. Några exempel på sådana sjukdomar är: East Coast Fever, Corridor disease, January disease, katarralfeber, trypanosomos samt mul- och klövsjuka.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med demenssjukdom i Sverige beräknas uppgå till 150 000. Utav dessa vårdas 55 procent i hemmet av anhöriga. De anhörigas roll och funktion som vårdare i hemmet blir alltmer centralt, då vård och omsorg flyttas från det offentliga rummet till det privata. Att träda in i rollen som anhörigvårdare förändrar livssituationen avsevärt och allt planeras kring demenssjukdomens villkor. Syfte: Att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver hur de anhöriga upplever sin situation av att vårda en anhörig som drabbats av en demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där fem kvantitativa och sex kvalitativa artiklar analyserats. Resultat: Artikelanalysen resulterade i tre teman:  en ny livssituation, förändrad relation och känslomässigt påfrestande.

Background: Older people are a major patient group seeking medical care in Sweden. Several of the elderly are living alone and the main reason for living alone is when the spouse passes away. Loneliness is a factor that can affect quality of life, health and wellbeing. Loneliness is an individual experience, loneliness can be self-chosen but involuntary loneliness can lead to lifelong suffering and feelings of loneliness. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the factors affecting loneliness among elderly people within municipal care living in Sweden.

Aphasia is a disease that brings on disability. The purpose of the study is to describe the daily life when afflicted with aphasia and gain a deeper understanding of persons with aphasia in working ages. The study was made with a qualitative approach with a combination of data sources; literature, internet lectures, live lectures, interviews with personnel in medical and educational services and three persons with aphasia. More research in aphasiology is welcome. This may be aimed at developing knowledge about the importance of communication, of active participation in the social environment, and the achievement of improved attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study should give rehabilitation actors and close relations knowledge and support in their action when they meet people with aphasia..

Malt lymphoma is a malignant disease that can arise in a variety of extra nodal sites. Previous studies indicate that tumour arise from more mature B-cells.Our purpose was to examine the presence of clonality and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (IgV?) of MALT lymphomas.Paraffin-embedded tumour samples from13 MALT lymphoma were subjected to rearrangement analysis, by using PCR, heteroduplex gels and sequence analysis.Successful amplification was seen in 10/13 cases and sequences of IgV? genes were obtained in 6/13, all of them were mutated. The percentage of mutation compared to germline sequences was 1,1% to 8,6% monoclonal rearrangemang. It was demonstrated that 5 of 7 clones were derived from the V?3 family, 2 from V?1 and 1 from the V? 4 family..

This article presents a survey of male dogs treated with the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin®, Virbac) at three animal clinics in central Sweden. Filled-in questionnaires from 110 dogs were received. The paper also includes a review of existing litterature concerning reproduction in male dogs, focusing on endocrinology, the effects of gonadectomy and the GnRH agonist deslorelin. Continuous treatment with deslorelin produces infertility in male dogs. The pituitary is initially stimulated by deslorelin leading to a rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. As a consequence the testosterone levels also increase temporarily.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease spread worldwide. The most common sources of infection for all animals and humans are bites from dogs or bats. The aim of this degree project was to diagnose and determine the source of infection for 11 rabies samples from São Paulo State and Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Diagnosis was made through direct immunofluorescence assay, mouse inoculation and RT-PCR. The sources of infection were determined by sequencing 234 nucleotides of the 5? end of the N-gene and align these with homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vårdpersonals kunskaper, attityder och bemötande i vården av dementa i äldresjukvården.Metod: En deskriptiv kvalitativ studie genomfördes med sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer med åtta deltagare från äldreboenden i Jönköpings län. Intervjuerna spelades in och bearbeta-des med innehållsanalys.Resultat: I resultatet framkom att intervjupersonernas personliga erfarenheter av demenssjukdom påverkade deras förståelse för anhöriga till demenssjuka. Vårdpersonalen ansåg att anhörigas kunskaper och åsikter var viktiga. Aktiviteter anpassades efter de demenssjukas förmågor och intressen. Vikten av att se personen bakom sjukdomen betonades, detta var svårt vid tids- och personalbrist.

Demenssjukdomar drabbar i allt högre grad en åldrande population. Med detta följer ett antal komplikationer och problemskapande beteenden som påverkar omvårdnaden. Syftet var att undersöka på vilket sätt olika typer av musik kan ha en positiv effekt på demenspatienter och därmed underlätta och förbättra omvårdnadsarbetet. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturstudie. Som teoretisk referensram valdes Katie Erikssons omvårdnadsteori.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor bemöter och kommunicerar med patienter med demenssjukdom. Författarna använde sig utav sökmotorn Elin och databasen Cinahl. Använda sökord var: Dementia, Treatment, Care, Nurse*, Nursing, Communication i olika kombinationer. Till resultatet användes 17 vetenskapliga artiklar som var publicerade mellan år 2000 och 2010 och var engelskspråkiga. Litteraturstudien bestod av elva kvalitativa och sex kvantitativa artiklar.

With examples from a single classroom situation, several educational moments show what goes on between the teacher and the student. The teacher?s responsibility in the learning process is, with a gesture frozen in the air of the moment, to lead and follow the student in her tentative efforts at seeking knowledge. Initially, it is an attempt to shed light upon the "not yet seen" with a certainty that the student herself possesses the capacity and the aptitude to reach greater insight and clarity in her understanding. The Validation/Feil Method presented in this instructional situation illustrates how best to communicate with elderly people suffering from Alzheimer?s dementia.