Thinning is one of the most important silvicultural activities in middle aged forests, partly to minimize damages and partly because it leads to earlier harvesting revenues and increases the value of the remaining trees. There are many different indices used to describe stand density and thereby the need of thinning in forests today. Studies have shown that forest variables can be estimated with high accuracy using airborne laser scanning and it is likely that the method could also be used to estimate forest density indices. In this study, the possibility of using the forest density index ?H² to determine and map priorities for thinning operations for a forest area was examined.

MetaData är en viktig del i arbetet med geografiska Data. Med bra metaData kan användaren på ett enklare och effektivare sätt hitta de Data som är intressant för just honom eller henne. Länsstyrelsen i Västmanland har stora mängder geografiska Data och beslutsdokument som rör geografiska områden. Dessa geografiska Data och dokument lagras på servrar och är tillgängliga för handläggarna (användarna). GIS-gruppen har tidigare lagrat metaData för dessa geografiska Data i en Databas uppbyggd i Microsoft Access men en nyutvecklad metaDatabas, GisMeta, ska börja användas.

This reports purpose is to give a general view on how to handle information collectedthrough photogrammetry and laser scanning with the help of UAS. The report ismade in collaboration with WSP Group and will briefly describe howphotogrammetry and laser scanning, also known as Lidar, works and how those areused in the construction business today. Then the focus will be on how gathered Datais handled today, how outsourcing of Data should be approached and if there are anyconsequences if Data is handled in the wrong way. Interviews have been made with allparts in the UAS business. That includes authorities as Transporstyrelsen,Försvarsmakten.

A multivariate cross-sectional model is used in this thesis to proxy for expected earnings and to estimate return on equity for 214 companies over the period 2009-2013, using Swedish Data. The model, which has never been tested on Swedish Data before, is first confirmed to function as a forecasting model for expected return. Furthermore, the model is evaluated through a comparison with two univariate models based on the assumption that return on equity follows a mean reversion process. Forecast accuracy is calculated as the difference of estimated returns and actual returns. The results show that the univariate models' forecasts are superior to the multivariate model's..

This study has been carried out in cooperation with Unilever and partly with the EC founded project, Smartdoc IST-2000-28137. In areas of statistics and image processing, both the amount of Data and the dimensions are increasing rapidly and an interactive visualization tool that lets the user perform real-time analysis can save valuable time. Real-time cropping and drill-down considerably facilitate the analysis process and yield more accurate decisions. In the Smartdoc project, there has been a request for a component used for smart filtering in multidimensional Data sets. As the Smartdoc project aims to develop smart, interactive components to be used on low-end systems, the implementation of the self-organizing map algorithm proposes which dimensions to visualize.

För att företag skall kunna konkurrera på ständigt föränderliga marknader krävs att de har kunskap om exempelvis kundbehov, konkurrenter och nya produkter. Källor till denna kunskap finns både internt inom organisationer och externt i deras omgivning. Både de interna och externa kunskapskällorna är viktiga, men under de senaste åren har ett allt större intresse riktats mot de externa källorna, då de har blivit allt viktigare för att organisationer effektivt skall kunna hantera sina affärsprocesser.En av de kunskapskällorna som ofta nämnts är Internet och den Data som lagras på hemsidor runt om i världen. Dock är det svårt att hitta relevant Data på Internet på grund av dess omfattning och dynamiska karaktär. Det har därför börjat uppkomma nya tekniker för att inhämta, strukturera och integrera Data från Internet.

Methodology The foundation to my essay has been created using both primary and secondary Data. Inquiries have been handed out to Handelsbanken. This Data is completed with appropriate theories and ends in an analysis and finally a result and suggestion to continuing studies.Conclusions My conclusion is that the employees and the management has the same opinion on the bonussystem Oktogon. Both parts sees the system as a motivation factor in the organization. But still not enough effect on the employees to call it an effective strategy..

This study explores the shift in football recruitment from traditional scouting to Data-driven methods, focusing on Sweden. It investigates how football organizations can enhance competency for effective Data-driven recruitment. Through qualitative interviews with elite Swedish football organizations, the study emphasizes the need for competence development for proficient Data-driven recruitment. To address the enhancement of personnel competency in the recruitment process, this study poses the research question: "How can football organizations effectively promote competence development to optimize their utilization of Data-driven recruitment?" The results highlight the importance of targeted education, combining expertise in Data-driven recruitment with a broad skill set.

Facial expressions are a part of our body language that helps us to clarify the verbal communication between humans. We use our facial expressions every day, both consciously and unconsciously, to express emotions and attitudes depending on the situation. The hypothesis of the study is: Given a facial expression, how well can Microsoft Kinect, as an input method, determine a person?s feelings with the two algorithms Naive Bayes and Sequential Minimal Optimization? The feelings are limited to happy, sad, surprised and disgusted. With the help of Kinect, a person?s facial Data, both coordinates of the face and parameterized Data, were saved and used for machine learning.

This report evaluates whether an interpreted high-level garbage collected language has enough information about its memory behaviour to make better cache decisions than modern general CPU hardware.With a generational garbage collector, depending on promotion algorithm and generation size, around 90% of all objects never leave the first generation. This report is based on the hypothesis that, because of the low promotion rate, accesses to higher generations are sufficiently rare not to benefit from caching.To test this hypothesis, we built an operating system with a Scheme interpreter in kernel mode, where the interpreter controls the cache. Generic x86 PC hardware was used, since it allows fine-grained control of cache decisions.Measurements of execution time in this interpreter show that disabling the cache for generations higher than the first does not give any performance gain, but rather a performance loss of up to 50%.We conclude that this interpreter design is not an improvement, but cannot conclude that the hypothesis is false in general. We suggest building a better CPU simulator to gather more Data from which to make better caching decisions, moving internal interpreter Data structures into the garbage collected heap and modifying the hardware to allow control in the currently rigid dimension of where Data is cached---for example separate control of instruction and Data caches and separate Data caches for different areas of memory..

Även om de flesta av oss i dagsläget vet att våra mobila enheter kan tappa sina nätverksanslutningar lite då och då har det mer eller mindre blivit en självklarhet att i alla lägen ändå kunna använda våra favoritapplikationer som vanligt. Denna rapport syftade till att hitta en lösning på problemet med nätverksberoende applikationer genom att implementera ett offline-läge som kringgick detta beroende i GreatRate, en iOS-applikation för kundundersökningar i butik. Med hjälp av en Databas för att mellanlagra Data under tillfällen då en duglig nätverksanslutning inte fanns tillgänglig samt synkronisering av nämnda Data när anslutningen åter blivit funktionell förväntades problemet kringgås. Resultatet blev som väntat en applikation som gav användaren en förhöjd användarupplevelse helt oberoende av nätverksanslutningens status. Några av slutsatserna som drogs var dock att flera olika lösningar finns för detta problem och att problemet högst troligt har olika utseenden för olika applikationer..

The purpose of this bachelor-thesis is to investigate the possible effects of lease accounting on the estimation of bankruptcy. This is done by estimating the risk via prediction models based on accounting ratios for a sample of 43 listed firms in Sweden. Estimation is conducted twice for each firm, once base on unadjusted Data as it is presented in the annual report of 2012, and one with Data adjusted for operational leases (that is Data is treated as if all leases present were to have been reported as financial leases). In the next step it is tested weather the predictive ability of the models is affected by this adjustment or not. For this purpose translation of bankruptcy risk into synthetic credit ratings via interest coverage ratios is done.

Thesis Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to explore different plausible scenarios concerning the future of the Swedish produce industry with regards to branding. Methodology: In order for us to answer the research question and fulfill its purpose, we have utilized a qualitative approach combined with of both an inductive and deductive theoretical approach. Our study is both explorative and speculative. Theoretical Perspective: The theoretical framework of our research is based upon Porters Five Forces and Competitive Advantage combined with Kapferers Brand Identity Prism and his ideas on Brand Innovation. Additionally, we have utilized the Game Theory.

This paper describes Tempus Custode, a smartphone application with which the user may register working hours and travel time during the work day. The application communicates with a Database via a server. The Data stored in the Database may be manipulated using an administrator tool, mainly for the composition of time reports. In this way, the user?s task of time reporting his day is greatly simplified.The application is able to automatically discriminate between work time and travel time, as it continuously fetches positioning Data from the smartphone GPS receiver.

Examensarbetet är utfört på uppdrag av Banverket Data i Borlänge. Syftet med arbetet var att ta fram en kravspecifikation för en telefonkatalogs applikation för deras intranät samt utveckla denna i .Net mot ett befintligt mellanlager. Arbetet med utvecklingen har följt Banverket Datas egen metod för systemutveckling och arbetet med förstudierna har använt kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Dessutom beskriver rapporten även kravspecifikationer mer ingående..