I den tillverkande industrin ställer idag kunder krav på korta leveranstider samtidigt som de tillverkande företagen ser tid som en begränsad resurs. Detta innebär att företag tvingas fokusera på att reducera ledtiden och däribland produktionsledtiden. Vid tillverkning av kundanpassade produkter finns inte möjligheten att hålla lager för att snabbt kunna besvara kunders efterfrågan och därför måste dessa företag sträva efter att effektivisera sina processer för att reducera ledtiden.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur ledtiden kan reduceras i ett produktionssystem för kundanpassade produkter. Två frågeställningar har upprättats för att uppfylla syftet:1. Vilka möjliga orsaker finns till långa ledtider i ett produktionssystem som tillverkar kundanpassade produkter?2.

The relational database model was defined in the 1970?s and is the dominating database type today.  The main difference between data from a relational database and a hierarchical data structure is that the relational database stores records in tables. The records have no particular order, but can include links in terms of relationships with other records. A hierarchical structure organizes data in the form of a tree structure  and  can for an example be found in organizational structures in which different levels involves different responsibilities. If the data stored in a relational database is to be presented in a hierarchically, a conversion of the data structure is required. The intention of this paper is to describe how such a conversion can be performed.  To investigate the conversion methods, case studies has been conducted on the basis of a specific organization?s hierarchical structure.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how the Swedish Film Institute?s arguments regarding file sharing, copyright and the Internet relates to the changes made in the Swedish copyright law during 2003 and 2007, using the current debate about surveillance versus liberty on the Internet as a backdrop. The theory used is based on Lawrence Lessig?s ideas about how a network such as the Internet can be controlled, and what regulating forces a government can use to constrain a certain behavior such as illegal file sharing. By examining referral statements made by the Swedish Film Institute to five different communications from the Swedish government regarding copyright and film politics an idea analysis is being used as a method to answer the following sub-questions: 1.) How has the Swedish copyright law evolved during the latest years? 2.) What arguments are being used by the Swedish Film Institute in issues regarding file sharing, copyright and the Internet? 3.) Are the arguments being used by the Swedish Film Institute regarding these issues changing during the examined period? The findings of the study show that the Swedish Film Institute has been eager to support a more powerful expansion of the copyright laws, often suggesting more powerful solutions than the Swedish government itself.

Ett av de hetaste ämnen inom dagens IT-industri är SOA ? Service Oriented Architecture ? . Många av de aktiva debatterna handlar om hur SOA bidrar till att öka organisationernas flexibilitet och känslighet för förändring, något som historiskt har varit svårt att uppnå. Men hur många kan påstå sig veta vad SOA egentligen är? Termen har blivit ett så kallat ?buzzword?, dvs.

This major project in Building Engineering has its focus on inquiring into what methods has been used in the planning process of the residential buildingLjusbojen 1. This project has been conducted in cooperation with Kadesjös Ingenjörsbyrå AB, an engineering contractor firm which also acts as the property developer. Initially several different general methods for planning residential buildings have been presented. After the methods from the process of building Ljusbojen 1 has been analyzed compared to the general methods presented in part 1. This shows what the determining factors are during the planning process; factors such as cost, quality, time management, know-how and environmental issues.

During the years of development in the 60s and 70s the need for new housing in Sweden arose. Sweden was going to be the most modern country in the world. This period has later been called ?the time of the big programmes?. One of the parts in this building of a welfare society was a large policy of building politics with few counterparts in history.

Abstract In my work, I have tried to define and clarify the conception of sustainability seen from my perspective as a landscape architect. With a basis in literature studies, I have analysed and commented on different applications, contents and meanings of sustainability and endurance. This compilation is based on how a number of writers, researchers and authorities consider the importance of integrating ecological, social and economic aspects of sustainability in city planning. My perspective has mainly been founded on the anthologies and compilations from the 80´s and 90´s where Per G. Berg and Björn Malbert acted as editors.

Jag har gjort en undersökning om hur intresset för skolkörer ser ut på högstadieskolorna i Malmö. Jag valde att göra både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Den kvantitativa undersökningen bestod utav enkäter och den kvalitativa undersökningen bestod utav intervjuer av två personer. Tyvärr är det mer än hälften av alla högstadieskolor i Malmö som inte har en skolkör även om intresset verkar finnas hos elever, musiklärare samt hos skolledningen. Skolan drabbas ständigt av olika nedskärningar och skolkörer har blivit ett ekonomiskt problem som skolorna oftast väljer att dra in på.Title: Choir activity in the school ? self-evident or not? - An inquiry at the secondary schools in Malmö.

Arbetet syftar till att oversiktligt beskriva varldens sjofart, studera bladelementteorii en propellerstudie, forprojektera ett handelsfartyg som skafrakta 12 000 TEU (Twenty{Foot Equivalent Unit) mellan Rotterdam ochSingapore pa 40 dagar, samt att utreda regelverket EEDI (Energy EciencyDesign Index) som ska leda till energieektivisering av sjofarten.Undersokning av sjofarten visar att kostnadseektiva sjotransporter har drivitpa utvecklingen mot en globaliserad varld. Tack vare sjofarten har industrierkunnat etablera sig pa nya omraden, men negativ miljopaverkan ar fortfarandeett problem.Under projekteringen visas att containerfartygets huvuddimensioner uppfyllerkrav pa lastutrymme och begransningar i Suez{kanalen. Djupgaendeoch fribord kan andras, men fribord liksom antal vattentata sektioner borundersokas vidare. Fartyget ar nagot kursinstabilt. Tyngpunkten i vertikalledhar en felmarignal pa knappt fyra meter.

Title: Playing techniques of the eight-keyed traverso in Irish and Breton traditional music. The dissertation examines basic aspects of playing techniques of the eight-keyed traverso, as it is used in Irish and Breton traditional music. The background material consists of four interviews with four professional flute players as well as literature that considers the subject from different perspectives. The results reveals a consensus between those of the informants that are mainly playing Irish music while the informant that is mainly playing Breton music has a different approach to several of the technical aspects examined.Examensarbetet behandlar grundläggande spelteknik på åttaklaffig traversflöjt inom bretonsk och irländsk folkmusik. Studiens underlag består av intervjuer med fyra professionella flöjtister samt av litteratur som belyser ämnet från olika perspektiv.

Den ungdomliga hiphopkulturen finns idag överallt och används för att sälja allt från produkter till politiska budskap. Hiphopkulturen har sin utgångspunkt i USA och afroamerikanernas verklighet, men den finns som ett konstnärligt och politiskt uttryck i hela världen, inklusive Sverige.Trots att hiphopkulturen är en väldigt praktiskt orienterad rörelse bestående av olika uttryck (musiken, dansen, målandet osv.) finns det lite forskning som behandlar det praktiska. Därför tittar denna studie, som har en fenomenologisk utgångspunkt, närmare på hur ett band gör hiphopmusik. Hur går de tillväga för att skapa musik? Hur ser relationen till de materiella tingen ut? Vilka verktyg används i skapandet? Då färdighet och skicklighet spelar en nyckelroll i denna process försöker studien att beskriva vad som krävs för att utveckla en färdighet och bli skicklig.I det sista kapitlet förs en diskussion kring kunskapens roll inom hiphopkulturen, autenticitet samt vikten av att inte definiera sin musik.

The Swedish National Rail Administration has changed in the past decade, from its origin after a less dramatic separation from the Swedish State Railways to becoming an authority with its own identity. Today the National Rail Administration is a large organisation with several different departments, each with its own unique function. To operate train services the railway needs to be ?in shape?, leading to a need for maintenance, reinvestments and new investments. For this purpose, the National Rail Administration carries out public procurement where contractors, who are able to perform maintenance and new construction, submit tenders.

In a time of increasing urbanization the human tenure effects on the land has lead to a decrease and fragmentation of areas that are valuable to urban wildlife. These actions have had a detrimental effect on the species and habitats that exist in cities and towns.This paper investigates, through the study of relevant literature and the undertaking of interviews and field visits, the role that biodiversity plays in our society. The current attitude towards urban biodiversity and the responsibility for its promotion within the landscape architect profession has been explored.This paper includes three English case studies and a design proposal investigating how one can work to promote biodiversity on a smaller scale.This paper concludes that urban biodiversity is multi-functional ? being of ecological, social and cultural significance. The landscape architecture profession must be aware of the need to combine a variety of different factors such as economical, social and environmental aspects.

This thesis aims to discuss how an information system and its users may adapt to each other. The main discussion is how to create an information system that is adaptable without losing its organising properties. The thesis uses a holistic approach to the topic and the areas being dealt with are information architecture, interactive information retrieval and information searching. The practical work consisted of constructing a database for Autoliv?s Research and Development branch.

Titel: Rockmusic preferences in the rock programme. Popular culture, music preferences and repertoire inside a teaching institution. This paper raises some questions about the popular music that exists outside as well as inside institutions. From the example of popular music and rockmusic the students of a music teacher education programme based on rock music are asked for their taste for music in a brief questionnaire. The answers are compared to those concerning the music they used to like before they entered the education as well as the music played on the ensemble lessons at the programme.