An increase interest of new methods and tools has begun to grow in the real estate business, this new trend causes an increase in new programs that aim to simplify processes of energy-efficiency and environmental issues.After consulting with Björn Alsmark from Bjerking AB, an architect and engineering company, we made a decision that the Degree Project is going to examine the program IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) with some integrations from Revit Architecture application.To be able to examine IES, we got access to a completed project from Bjerking. The project is a nursery school in Uppsala. An application has been handed in from Bjerking to make this project to a Green Building-certificated project. According to Bjerking own calculations (with the energy-calculation program Enorm), the consumption of energy of the nursery school is 48 percent lesser than required by BBR.An evaluation of IES and Enorm has been made with an aim to compare these two programs and find out if IES is an appropriate program to replace Enorm. Does Enorm or IES come up to BBR´s recommendations?The Degree Project cover 15 ECT, that required several adjusting and delimitations, and the study sketch ended with a literature study.After finishing the study sketch the modeling of the nursery school began.

This report is about the shear force design of reinforced concrete according to Europe?s common dimension rules, Eurocode. The purpose is to describe the calculation procedure and the background to the formulas and expressions that occurs. Furthermore results from different calculation methods (hand calculations and computer calculations) will be compared to see how they differ.The goal with this is to go through the parts of Eurocode dealing with shear force and that this will lead to a clear review of these. You should also be able to see how results and the calculation procedure differ between different calculation methods.

I detta arbete kommer ett antal speciellt utformade ingjutningsplåtar som används vid anslutning mellan plattbärlag i Abetongs prefabricerade element att analyseras och beräknas vid normal och tvärkraft utifrån gällande normer i Eurokoden. Från och med den första januari 2011 ersätts Boverkets Konstruktionsregler av Eurokoderna vilket innebär att man i dagsläget saknar värden på dessa ingjutningsplåtar hos Abetong. Så för att kunna använda dessa plåtar i sin tillverkning krävs det att de beräknas efter den nya standarden.Genom att beskriva plåtarna utifrån en interaktionsformel för samtidig normal och tvärkraft kan interaktionsdiagram ritas ut för att sedan snabbt kunna avläsas av konstruktör som då får ut ett värde på maximal tvärkraft utifrån antagen normalkraft eller vice versa. Som hjälpmedel för att genomföra detta kommer ett Excel-program skrivas som kan rita ut graferna för varje ingjutningsplåt.Arbetet har avgränsats till att endast titta på stålets egenskaper vilket innebär att eventuella begränsningar hos betongen eller hos kraftöverföringen mellan betongen och armeringen ej kommer att analyseras..

AbstractAbetong in Falkenberg manufactures, among other things, small prefabricated concrete buildings for housing various installations, such as electric transformers.The aim of this dissertation is to reduce the time needed to design such buildings, by way of finding a number of standardized buildings. Standardized in such a manner as to incorporate both the needs of the manufacturer (Abetong) and its customers.To analyze the needs of the parties the work has included a market survey and calculations on the strength of these buildings.One survey was a letter questionnaire to all of Abetong?s customers who have, in the past, ordered these types of building. The aim of the questionnaire was to establish how the customers want these buildings designed.Another survey conducted was an inventory of all of Abetong?s previous projects where these types of building were manufactured.

In 1997, the Swedish parliament adopted a decision on Vision Zero (nollvision) in the road and transport system. Vision Zero means that no one should be killed or seriously injured in traffic accidents in the road transport system (Prop. 2003/04: 160). For the Transport Administration in Sweden (Trafikverket), this means increased demands on security and signage at road work sites around the country. This in turn means increased demands on the contractors that carry out road work for the Transport Administration.

Den traditionella transport- och speditionsnäringen har utvecklats till en logistiknäring där allt mer allomfattande tjänster erbjuds av logistikföretagen. Förutom de traditionella transport- och speditionstjänsterna erbjuder logistikföretagen även tjänster som enklare tillverkning, montering, utbildning etc. Köparen av den traditionella transportjänsten efterfrågar idag helhetslösningar och långsiktiga samarbeten, när det gäller materialflöden, snarare än enstaka transporter eller speditionstjänster. Rättsutvecklingen har inte följt med i den snabba utvecklingen inom logistiksektorn och frågan om hur logistikern skall betraktas juridiskt framstår som oklar i flera avseenden.Den för uppsatsen aktuella frågan är hur ett produktansvar, dvs. ett ansvar för en produkts skadebringande egenskaper, skall fördelas mellan säljaren av produkten och logistikern.

In a multi-year project at Swerea Swecast AB studies on influence of dissolved gas on inclusions have been made. The knowledge about these parameters could be used to increase the quality of the final steel casting. The purpose of this thesis was to closer examine the impact of the oxygen level on inclusions.The questions asked were:? What was the amount of inclusions at different levels of oxygen?? What was the size of these inclusions at different levels of oxygen?? What does the inclusions consist of at different levels of oxygen?This was studied by measuring and sampling, sample preparation and microscopic analysis using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Measurements and sampling was performed at Smålands Stålgjuteri AB in Eksjö and at Swerea Swecast AB in Jönköping.

This report is about the shear force design of reinforced concrete according to Europe?s common dimension rules, Eurocode. The purpose is to describe the calculation procedure and the background to the formulas and expressions that occurs. Furthermore results from different calculation methods (hand calculations and computer calculations) will be compared to see how they differ.The goal with this is to go through the parts of Eurocode dealing with shear force and that this will lead to a clear review of these. You should also be able to see how results and the calculation procedure differ between different calculation methods.

One fundamental principle in Swedish contract law is that passive acceptance does not constitute a binding acceptance of an offer. Still, business owners use the consumers unknowing of this, and form offers saying passivity will lead to a binding agreement. Business owners are thus trying to ?negatively bind? the consumer to agreements. There are rules prohibiting this kind of actions in the Swedish marketing law (MFL).In order to find out what constitutes this forbidden kind of agreement-entering according to the Swedish Market Court, an analysis of seven cases settled between 2002-2009 and concerning consumers in these situations, is made.

This thesis deals with the design of a combinated rescue-, personal-, and firefighting elevator for a nuclear waste storage facility to be constructed by the client SKB, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. SKB:s mission is to dispose of all nuclear waste from all swedish nuclear power plants. The storage facility will be built in the rock 450 m under the surface and will consist of several kilometers of tunnel where capsules containing the nuclear waste will be placed. It will also hold a central area which contains spaces necessary for the operation and construction of the facility, such as elevator hall, storage hall etc. The facility will have two ways of access: a vehicle ramp and an elevator shaft.

I Norrbotten produceras tall, gran och björk, vilka den senaste tiden har stått inför en hård konkurrens, eftersom träslagen är ljusa till färgen och därför blivit omoderna. I Finland finns en teknik som genom att värmebehandla virke i upphettad ånga, förändrar egenskaperna hos virket, som t.ex. dess färg, dimensionsstabilitet och beständighet. Då infinner sig frågan om våra träslag, med förändrade egenskaper, kan konkurrera med importerat ädelträ, impregnerat trä och de svenska mörka träslagen som ek och valnöt? Uppdraget är att ta reda på hur man producerar värmebehandlat trä (VBT).

When driving hard and cornering on a circuit good control of a car?s roll is desired, so the car reaches steady state quickly but yet in a controlled fashion. This control is mainly given by the combination of the cars springs, shock absorbers and anti-roll bars.The aim of this report is to investigate, analyze and measure a Porsche Boxster?s turn in behaviour and roll dynamics as well as with the aid of simulation results give suggestions for improvement of the previous mentioned combination.Two different simulations were made, one based on a simpler model that was based on an evolved version of the bicycle model in Matlab and one was more advanced model in the simulation software rFactor. Measurements of the real car was made using a GPS-based measurement system.

Children who are exposed to crime are a delicate issue. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze children's narratives in the juridical process. Our primary questions focused on how adults could help children to express their experiences and what kind of elements imposed the narrative. How is the narrative structured? How does the court evaluate children's testimonies? What increases the credibility of a child's testimony? Our theoretical standpoints are derived from: the narrative perspective, theory of communication, and theory of evaluation.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka hur väl kalkylerad produktionskostnad/tid  överensstämmer med verkligt utfall, samt att identifiera effektivitetsökande åtgärder i produktionen.En empirisk studie har gjorts för att kunna kartlägga produktionstiden samt att hitta möjliga förbättringsområden. Ledtiden för ett projekt, bestående av 32 st. väggelement har undersökts varvid produktionen har klockats vid fyra olika tillfällen varje dag tills projektets slut.Resultatet av produktionsanalysen blev att den verkliga produktionstiden nästan var dubbelt så lång som den kalkylerade tiden. En stor anledning och flaskhals var att många väggelement blev liggande efter avslutat arbete och bromsade upp efterkommande väggelement.Företaget besitter stor potential till att bli en effektiv producent av väggelement och genom att implementera aktiviteter inom Lean i verksamheten, t.ex. standardisera arbetssätt och fördela arbetsfördelningen bättre, skulle man i framtiden, med stor sannlikhet klara produktionstider som kalkylerats.

Background: The reasons why this study is conducted is because of the latest recession in the global economy. The current recession has made a lot of companies more aware of its cost, and in order to fit the new harsher economic climate the companies has to be more cost efficient. In order to do so many companies choose to reduce their amount of employees. When this happens in a recession, most of the layoffs are an effect of reactive causes, such as lower incoming orders, and fewer customers. This leads to a problem for the companies that don?t know how these kinds of layoffs will affect the value of the company?s stock.