The independent audit function plays an important role in our modern society as it strengthens the credibility of information given out by firms. A fundamental condition for the maintenance of confidence towards the audit function is the auditor?s independence. This phenomenon has been acknowledged threw several well-known audit scandals during the last decade, including the classical Enronscandal. In the repercussions of these huge auditing scandals, governments all over the world were now founding more restrictive rules and laws about audit independence.

This bachelor thesis in science Informatics contains the qualifications for the applying of IT in education for students in elementary school, grade 1-3. By empirical case study on an existing elementary school, whose success on IT use is noticed, describes how to apply IT in the classroom in an adequate way. We look at different theoretical frameworks in interaction and design of systems designed for learning purposes, and satisfies their specific needs and situations within the classroom's four walls. The current lack of statistical measurements on students' results and effects of the use of IT in teaching, prevents further improvements. If we simultaneously work to develop more well-designed systems that are designed for this purpose, it is possible that the effects become more and better.

Målet med den här studien var att undersöka de anställdas känslomässiga bedömning av den interna kommunikationen på ett svenskt skogsbolag med hjälp av en modifierad version av undersökningsverktyget Communication Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) samt två kvalitativa frågor. Studien genomfördes på 65 anställda inom en region av ett svensk skogsbolag. Resultatet visade att de anställda var ganska nöjda eller nöjda med de olika dimensionerna av kommunikationstillfredsställelse samt att ingen statistiskt säkerställd skillnad kunde identifieras mellan tillfredsställelsen hos region- och distriktsanställda. Vidare kunde ett samband påvisas mellan de anställdas arbetstillfredsställelse och kommunikationsdimensionerna: kommunikationseffektivitet, chefsrelation, skvaller och presonlig feedback. Resultatet från de kvalitativa frågorna påvisade att de förbättringsmöjligheter de anställda framhöll främst fanns inom området kommunikationskanaler.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva undersköterskors upplevelser av arbetstillfredsställelse i sin arbetsmiljö inom Luleå kommun. Genom ett intervjuförfarande inklusive en skattningsskala söktes svar på frågorna: Vilka faktorer i arbetet gör att anställda trivs? Vilka faktorer i arbetet gör att anställda inte trivs? Vilka egenskaper kännetecknar arbetet? Tidigare forskning visar att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar upplevelsen av arbetstillfredsställelse. Studiens teoretiska bakgrund utgörs av Herzbergs tvåfaktorteori och Hackman och Oldham job characteristic model. Resultaten visade att anställda trivdes med kontakten med vårdtagare och arbetskamrater men inte med arbetstider och lönen.

Today there is something called clutter. Marketers are trying to communicate so many messages to consumers that it makes it difficult for consumers to take in the different market messages that exist.In this paper the authors study how marketers can reach out with a message in today's clutter. They are doing a case study of a marketing campaign which tried to solve the communication problems that clutter is causing. The goal of this campaign was to create a snackis, a Swedish word for a current topic, to reach out with their message. The campaign attracted attention from the media.

Background: Motivation is a subject that is on everyone's lips in today's knowledge-intensive firms. What is motivation and what are we motivated by? We will, through three case studies, be grappling with the notion to clarify how managers and employees' perception of the concept is different, or possibly similar. Furthermore, the thesis examines whether the theory and practice of motivation are consistent with each other. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to seek understanding of what management within an organization believes are motivating their staff as well as how the staff perceive themselves be motivated by. We ask ourselves if organizations is up to date with the development of what motivates people.

The thesis focus on how organizations can improve the ability of absorbing coworkers ideas in purpose of gaining long term competitive advantage through innovations. The study was conducted at IKEA AB where a campaign to collect coworkers ideas was a big success given the quantity of ideas collected. This fact allows a comparative analysis of idea management in the shape of campaigns and in comparison, idea management in the everyday line-organization.The analysis show that fundamental factors for innovative environments such as organizational climate, culture and leadership perceives auspiciously by the respondents. However, lack of infrastructure such as systems and processes hinders coworkers ambitions to contribute with ideas.An important issue in idea management is the treatment of incentives for innovation. Results of the study show that the ?soft? incentives ?feedback, encouragement and attention have a higher impact in coworkers willingness to the contribution of ideas than for instance monetary rewards..

The thesis aims to understand how learning processes are affected when an organization split into two separate organizations. The study is designed as a single case, covering a new government agency?s takeover of a core activity from another agency and the use of a purchase-provider split between the agencies, providing the new agency with IT-services. The findings revealed a difference in productive system and knowledge types between core- and IT-activities. The core activity was found to be dominated by explicit knowledge while the IT-activity seemed to be dominated by a mix of explicit and tacit knowledge.

Det senmoderna samhällets komplexitet och höggradiga differentiering har gjort risker alltmer svåranalyserade, vilket har lett till att sociala system måste ha en förändringsförmåga för att överleva. Det normala riskanalysarbetet i sociala system (exempelvis företag och organisationer) görs på den nivå eller i de interna sektorer där riskerna slår igenom. Uppsatsen ger exempel på befintliga riskhanteringsmodeller för detta och presenterar författarens egen, mer övergripande modell, konstruerad utifrån de tre systemteoretiska begreppen AGIL, autopoiesis och feedback loops. Modellen illustrerar en dialog mellan systemets definitioner, behov och omvärld samt andra system. Uppsatssyftet är att belysa sociala systems förändringsförmåga och beredskap för riskhantering samt hur de genom att använda modellen kan förbättra dessa.

Det senmoderna samhällets komplexitet och höggradiga differentiering har gjort risker alltmer svåranalyserade, vilket har lett till att sociala system måste ha en förändringsförmåga för att överleva. Det normala riskanalysarbetet i sociala system (exempelvis företag och organisationer) görs på den nivå eller i de interna sektorer där riskerna slår igenom. Uppsatsen ger exempel på befintliga riskhanteringsmodeller för detta och presenterar författarens egen, mer övergripande modell, konstruerad utifrån de tre systemteoretiska begreppen AGIL, autopoiesis och feedback loops. Modellen illustrerar en dialog mellan systemets definitioner, behov och omvärld samt andra system. Uppsatssyftet är att belysa sociala systems förändringsförmåga och beredskap för riskhantering samt hur de genom att använda modellen kan förbättra dessa.

To achieve the goal of fossil independency in the Swedish vehicle fleet in 2030, it would be important to substantially increase the proportion of electric vehicles, both BEV:s (Battery Electric Vehicles) and PHEV:s (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles). The Swedish Energy Agency has funded numerous research and development projects about electric vehicles in recent years. An important task for the Swedish Energy Agency is to allocate state funds to those projects with the greatest potential to contribute to increased establishment of electric vehicles in society. The purpose of this work is mainly to understand the efforts and measures that can make the market for electric vehicles to grow. The report can contribute to a better understanding of how far the research on electric vehicles has come and what has to be done in the future to promote the establishment of electric vehicles. Another aim for this report is that it should serve as a basis for future decisions by the Swedish Energy Agency on which projects that will be funded with state funds.

During the latest 50 years, the Swedish porcelain tableware industry has gone from being rather successful to experience significant problems. Our empirical study attributes these problems to underlying changes in consumer buying behaviour, whereas current generation theory supports our findings. The younger generation has significantly different preferences compared to older generations, with less focus on quality and more focus on variability, and there is reason to believe that these findings also are applicable to other consumer purchases. The successful porcelain companies of tomorrow will be the ones that continuously can adapt to these and further changes in consumer buying behaviour..

Formal writing is an essential part of teaching Swedish and is fundamental for higher education and professional career. The aim of my essay is to research what didactic methods Swedish teachers utilizes in upper secondary school to improve students' abilities to write formal texts. I will also examine students? project papers in an attempt to measure the extent of formal word choice.  In the presentation of the literature I decided to use, for example, Per Olov Svedner?s perspective on writing as a process, Siv Strömquist?s manuals for essay writing and various literature regarding linguistic correctness and essay layout. Interviews with three upper secondary school teachers reveals that active feedback is a basis for students development regarding formal writing in both school and professional career.

SyfteSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur man som pedagog kan skapa ett gott talklimat. I vår undersökning använde vi oss av frågeställningar som hur lärare uppfattar begreppet talklimat och hur de skapar förutsättningar för att alla elever ska våga tala?Metod I vår undersökning använde vi en kvalitativ metod. Vi valde att ställa öppna frågor, en s.k. ostrukturerad intervju.

Coaching har blivit populärt i samhället och används idag allt mer inom ledarskap, men är fortfarande ett relativt outforskat område. Coaching är en kommunikationsteknik där aktivt lyssnande och kraftfulla frågor används. Det bygger på individutveckling, lärande och prestationsökning samt måluppfyllelse. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på kostchefers uppfattning om en coachande ledarskapsroll inom måltidsservice. Huruvida coaching används av kostchefer i den offentliga måltidsservicen är av intresse för vår kommande yrkesroll.